八世贸组织中英单词对照.docx
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八世贸组织中英单词对照
八世贸组织中英单词对照
(补贴协议)可诉补贴Actionablesubsidy
(纺织品与服装、农产品)一体化进程Integrationprocess
(服务贸易)境外消费Consumptionabroad
(服务贸易)跨境交付Crossbordersupply
(服务贸易)商业存在Commercialpresence
(服务贸易)自然人naturalperson
(服务贸易)自然人流淌Presenceofnaturalperson
(解决争端)被诉方Defendant
(解决争端)调查结果Findings
(解决争端)上诉Appeal
(解决争端)申诉方Complaint
(利益的)丧失和减损Nullificationandimpairment
(农产品)国内支持Domesticsupport
(农产品)综合支持量AMS(AggregateMeasurementofSupport)
(农产品国内支持)黄箱措施AmberBoxmeasures
(农产品国内支持)蓝箱措施BOP(Balance-of-payments)Provisions
(农产品国内支持)绿箱措施GreenBoxmeasures
(农业)多功能性Multifunctionality
(欧盟)共同农业政策CommonAgriculturePolicy
(争端解决)专家组Panel
(知识产权)地理标识Geographicalindications
《巴黎公约》(关于爱护工业知识产权的公约)ParisConvention
《巴塞尔公约》(有关危险废弃物的多边环境协定)BaselConvention
《北美自由贸易协定》NAFTA(NorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement)
《濒危物种国际贸易公约》ConventiononInternationalTradeinEndangeredSpecies
《伯尔尼公约》(有关爱护文学和艺术作品版权的公约)BerneConvention
《多种纤维协定》MFA(MultifibreAgreement)
《纺织品与服装协议》ATC(AgreementonTextilesandClothing)
《服务贸易总协定》GATS(GeneralAgreementonTradeinServices)
《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》DSU(UnderstandingonRulesandProceduresGoverningtheSettlementofDisputes)
《京都议定书》KyotoProtocol
《里斯本条约》(有关地理标识及其国际注册)LisbonAgreement
《蒙特利尔议定书》(有关爱护大气臭氧层的多边环境协定)MontrealProtocol
《农产品协议》专门保证SSG(SpecialSafeguard)
《农业协议》中关于反补贴的和平条款Peaceclause
《生物多样性公约》CBD(ConventiononBiologicalDiversity)
《信息技术协议》ITA(InformationTechnologyAgreement)
WTO最不发达国家高级不会议HLM(WTOHigh-levelMeetingforLDCs)
北美自由贸易区NAFTA(NorthAmericanFreeTradeArea)
采取措施后Expost
采取措施前Exante
产品生命周期分析LCA(LifeCycleAnalysis)
出口补贴Exportsubsidy
出口实绩Exportperformance
垂直兼并verticalmerger
当地含量Localcontent
电子商务ElectronicCommerce
东部和南部非洲共同市场COMESA(CommonMarketforEasternandSouthernAfrica)
东盟自由贸易区ASEANFreeTradeArea
动植物卫生检疫措施SPS(SanitaryandPhytosanitaryStandard)
反补贴税Countervailingduty
反倾销措施anti-dumpingmeasuresagainst…
反向通知Counter-notification
非配额产品quota-freeproducts
非生产性投资investmentinnon-productiveprojects
非洲、加勒比和太平洋国家集团(洛美协定)ACP(African,CaribbeanandPacificGroup)
风险治理/评估riskmanagement/assessment
关贸总协定,世界贸易组织的前身GATT(GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade)
规避Circumvention
国际标准化组织ISO(InternationalOrganizationforStandardization)
国际纺织品服装局ITCB(InternationalTextileandClothingBureau)
国际货币基金组织IMF(InternationalMonetaryFund)
国际劳工组织ILO(InternationalLaborOrganization)
国际贸易中心ITC(InternationalTradeCenter)
国际贸易组织ITO(InternationalTradeOrganization)
国际贸易组织临时委员会ICITO(InterimCommissionfortheInternationalTradeOrganization)
国际清算internationalsettlement
国际收支balanceofinternationalpayments/balanceofpayment
国际收支条款BOP(Balance-of-payments)Provisions
国际兽疫组织InternationalOfficeofEpizootics
国民待遇Nationaltreatment
国内补贴Domesticsubsidy
国内生产Domesticproduction
海关估价Customsvaluation
海关完税价值Customsvalue
横向兼并horizontalmerger
环保型技术EST(Environmentally-soundtechnology)
灰色区域措施Greyareameasures
货币留成制度Currencyretentionscheme
货币贸易理事会CTG(CouncilforTradeinGoods)
基础税率Basetarifflevel
既定日程Built-inagenda
交叉报复Crossretaliation
进口差价税Importvariableduties
进口附加税Importsurcharge
进口环节税importlinkagetax
进口渗透Importpenetration
进口替代Importsubstitution
进口许可Importlicensing
进口押金Importdeposits
经济合作与进展组织OECD(OrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment)
垃圾融资junkfinancing
联合国环境署UNEP(UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgram)
联合国开发打算署UNDP(UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgram)
联合国粮农组织FAO(FoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedStates)
联合国贸易与进展会议UNCTAD(UnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopment)
粮食安全Foodsecurity
慢性萧条chronicdepression
贸易和投资自由化和便利化TILF(TradeandInvestmentLiberalizationandFacilitation)
贸易与进展委员会CommitteeonTradeandDevelopment
贸易与环境委员会CommitteeonTradeandEnvironment
模式Modalities
南方共同市场(或称南锥体共同市场)MERCOSUR(SouthernCommonMarket)
南亚区域合作联盟SAARC(SouthAsianAssociationforRegionalcooperation)
欧洲自由贸易联盟EFTA(EuropeanFreeTradeAssociation)
配额调整条款modulationofquotaclause
瓶颈制约'bottleneck'restrictions
全球配额globalquota
上诉机构Appealbody
申报制度reportingsystem;incomedeclarationsystem
生产补贴Productionsubsidy
实行国民待遇grantthenationaltreatmentto
实质损害Materialinjury
食品法典委员会CAC(CodexAlimentariesCommission)
世界海关组织WCO(WorldCustomsOrganization)
世界贸易组织WTO(WorldTradeOrganization)
市场准人的行政治理措施AAMA(AdministrativeAspectsofMarketAccess)
市场准入Marketaccess
通知义务Notificationobligation
同类产品Likeproduct
乌拉圭回合UruguayRound
消费膨胀inflatedconsumption
和谐制度(商品名称及编码和谐制度)HS(HarmonizedCommodityandCodingSystem)
新议题Newissues
许可费Licensefee
有秩序的市场安排Orderlymarketarrangements
约束水平Boundlevel
争端解决机构DisputeSettlementBody
政府采购Governmentprocurement
直截了当支付Directpayment
诸边协议Plurilateralagreement
专门的营销机构Marketboards
转基因生物GMOs(GeneticallyModifiedOrganisms)
祖父条款grandfatherclause
最不发达国家LDCs(Least-developedcountries)
最初谈判权(初谈权)INRs(InitialNegotiatingRights)
最惠国待遇(现通常称'正常贸易关系')MFN(most-favored-nation)treatment
最惠国贸易地位(待遇)MFN(Most-favored-nation)(Treatment)
WTO术语英文讲明
General
GATT—GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade,whichhasbeensupersededasaninternationalorganizationbytheWTO.AnupdatedGeneralAgreementisnowoneoftheWTO’sagreements.
GATT1947—Theold(pre-1994)versionoftheGATT.
GATT1994—ThenewversionoftheGeneralAgreement,incorporatedintotheWTO,whichgovernstradeingoods.
Members—WTOgovernments(firstlettercapitalized,inWTOstyle).
TPRB,TPRM—TheTradePolicyReviewBodyisGeneralCounciloperatingunderspecialproceduresformeetingstoreviewtradepoliciesandpracticesofindividualWTOmembersundertheTrade
PolicyReviewMechanism.
transparency—Degreetowhichtradepoliciesandpractices,andtheprocessbywhichtheyareestablished,areopenandpredictable.
UruguayRound—MultilateraltradenegotiationslaunchedatPuntadelEste,UruguayinSeptember1986andconcludedinGenevainDecember1993.SignedbyMinistersinMarrakesh,Morocco,inApril1994.
Tariffs
binding,bound—see“tariffbinding”
free-rider—Acasualtermusedtoinferthatacountrywhichdoesnotmakeanytradeconcessions,profits,nonetheless,fromtariffcutsandconcessionsmadebyothercountriesinnegotiationsunderthemost-favoured-nationprinciple.
HarmonizedSystem—AninternationalnomenclaturedevelopedbytheWorldCustomsOrganization,whichisarrangedinsixdigitcodesallowingallparticipatingcountriestoclassifytradedgoodsonacommonbasis.Beyondthesixdigitlevel,countriesarefreetointroducenationaldistinctionsfortariffsandmanyotherpurposes.
ITA—InformationTechnologyAgreement,orformallytheMinisterial-DeclarationonTradeinInformationTechnologyProducts,underwhichparticipantswillremovetariffsonITproductsbytheyear2000.
ITAII—NegotiationsaimedatexpandingITA’sproductcoverage.
nuisancetariff—Tariffsolowthatitcoststhegovernmentmoretocollectitthantherevenueitgenerates.
scheduleofconcessions—Listofboundtariffrates.
tariffbinding—Commitmentnottoincreasearateofdutybeyondanagreedlevel.Oncearateofdutyisbound,itmaynotberaisedwithoutcompensatingtheaffectedparties.
tariffescalation—Higherimportdutiesonsemi-processedproductsthanonrawmaterials,andhigherstillonfinishedproducts.Thispracticeprotectsdomesticprocessingindustriesanddiscouragesthedevelopmentofprocessingactivityinthecountrieswhererawmaterialsoriginate.
tariffpeaks—Relativelyhightariffs,usuallyon“sensitive”products,amidstgenerallylowtarifflevels.Forindustrializedcountries,tariffsof15%andabovearegenerallyrecognizedas“tariffpeaks”.
tariffs—Customsdutiesonmerchandiseimports.Leviedeitheronanadvalorembasis(percentageofvalue)oronaspecificbasis(e.g.$7per100kgs.).Tariffsgivepriceadvantagetosimilarlocally-producedgoodsandraiserevenuesforthegovernment.
WCO—WorldCustomsOrganization,amultilateralbodylocatedinBrusselsthroughwhichparticipatingcountriesseektosimplifyandrationalizecustomsprocedures.
Non-tariffmeasures
anti-dumpingduties—ArticleVIoftheGATT1994permitstheimpositionofanti-dumpingdutiesagainstdumpedgoods,equaltothedifferencebetweentheirexportpriceandtheirnormalvalue,ifdumpingcausesinjurytoproducersofcompetingproductsintheimportingcountry.
circumvention—Measurestakenbyexporterstoevadeanti-dumpingorcountervailingduties.
countervailingmeasures—Actiontakenbytheimportingcountry,usuallyintheformofincreaseddutiestooffsetsubsidiesgiventoproducersorexportersintheexportingcountry.
dumping—Occurswhengoodsareexportedatapricelessthantheirnormalvalue,generallymeaningtheyareexportedforlessthantheyaresoldinthedomesticmarketorthird-countrymarkets,oratlessthanproductioncost.
NTMs—Non-tariffmeasuressuchasquotas,importlicensingsystems,sanitaryregulations,prohibitions,etc.
priceundertaking—Undertakingbyanexportertoraisetheexportpriceoftheproducttoavoidthepossibilityofananti-dumpingduty.
PSI—Preshipmentinspection—thepracticeofemployingspecializedprivatecompaniestocheckshipmentdetailsofgoodsorderedoverseas—i.e.price,quantity,quality,etc.
QRs—Quantitativerestrictions—specificlimitsonthequantityorvalueofgoodsthatcanbeimported(orexported)duringaspecifictimeperiod.rulesoforigin—Laws,regulationsandadministrativeprocedureswhichdetermineaproduct’scountryoforigin.Adecisionbyacustomsauthorityonorigincandeterminewhetherashipmentfallswithinaquotalimitation,qualifiesforatariffpreferenceorisaffectedbyananti-dumpingduty.Theserulescanvaryfromcountrytocountry.
safeguardmeasures—Actiontak