八世贸组织中英单词对照.docx

1、八世贸组织中英单词对照八世贸组织中英单词对照（补贴协议）可诉补贴Actionable subsidy (纺织品与服装、农产品)一体化进程Integration process（服务贸易）境外消费Consumption abroad（服务贸易）跨境交付Cross border supply（服务贸易）商业存在Commercial presence (服务贸易)自然人 natural person (服务贸易)自然人流淌Presence of natural person (解决争端)被诉方Defendant（解决争端）调查结果Findings (解决争端)上诉Appeal (解决争端)申诉方Co

2、mplaint (利益的)丧失和减损Nullification and impairment (农产品)国内支持Domestic support（农产品）综合支持量AMS (Aggregate Measurement of Support)（农产品国内支持）黄箱措施Amber Box measures（农产品国内支持）蓝箱措施BOP(Balance-of-payments) Provisions（农产品国内支持）绿箱措施Green Box measures (农业)多功能性 Multifunctionality（欧盟）共同农业政策Common Agriculture Policy (争端解决)

3、专家组Panel（知识产权）地理标识Geographical indications巴黎公约(关于爱护工业知识产权的公约)Paris Convention巴塞尔公约（有关危险废弃物的多边环境协定）Basel Convention北美自由贸易协定NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)濒危物种国际贸易公约Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species伯尔尼公约（有关爱护文学和艺术作品版权的公约）Berne Convention多种纤维协定MFA (Multifibre Agreement

4、)纺织品与服装协议ATC (Agreement on Textiles and Clothing)服务贸易总协定GATS (General Agreement on Trade in Services) 关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解DSU(Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes)京都议定书 Kyoto Protocol里斯本条约（有关地理标识及其国际注册）Lisbon Agreement蒙特利尔议定书(有关爱护大气臭氧层的多边环境协定)Montreal Protocol农产品协议专门保

5、证SSG (Special Safeguard)农业协议中关于反补贴的和平条款Peace clause生物多样性公约CBD(Convention on Biological Diversity)信息技术协议ITA (Information Technology Agreement)WTO最不发达国家高级不会议HLM (WTO High-level Meeting for LDCs)北美自由贸易区 NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area)采取措施后Ex post采取措施前Ex ante产品生命周期分析LCA (Life Cycle Analysis)出口补贴E

6、xport subsidy出口实绩Export performance垂直兼并 vertical merger当地含量Local content电子商务 Electronic Commerce 东部和南部非洲共同市场COMESA (Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa)东盟自由贸易区ASEAN Free Trade Area动植物卫生检疫措施SPS (Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standard )反补贴税Countervailing duty反倾销措施 anti-dumping measures against反

7、向通知Counter-notification非配额产品 quota-free products非生产性投资 investment in non-productive projects非洲、加勒比和太平洋国家集团（洛美协定）ACP(African, Caribbean and Pacific Group)风险治理/评估 risk management/ assessment关贸总协定，世界贸易组织的前身 GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)规避Circumvention国际标准化组织ISO (International Organizati

8、on for Standardization)国际纺织品服装局ITCB (International Textile and Clothing Bureau)国际货币基金组织IMF (International Monetary Fund)国际劳工组织ILO (International Labor Organization)国际贸易中心ITC (International Trade Center)国际贸易组织ITO (International Trade Organization)国际贸易组织临时委员会ICITO (Interim Commission for the Internati

9、onal Trade Organization)国际清算 international settlement国际收支 balance of international payments/ balance of payment国际收支条款BOP(Balance-of-payments) Provisions国际兽疫组织International Office of Epizootics国民待遇National treatment国内补贴Domestic subsidy国内生产Domestic production海关估价Customs valuation海关完税价值Customs value横向兼

10、并 horizontal merger环保型技术EST(Environmentally-sound technology)灰色区域措施Grey area measures货币留成制度Currency retention scheme货币贸易理事会CTG(Council for Trade in Goods)基础税率Base tariff level既定日程Built-in agenda交叉报复Cross retaliation进口差价税Import variable duties进口附加税Import surcharge进口环节税 import linkage tax进口渗透Import pe

11、netration进口替代Import substitution进口许可Import licensing进口押金Import deposits经济合作与进展组织OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)垃圾融资 junk financing联合国环境署UNEP (United Nations Environment Program)联合国开发打算署UNDP (United Nations Development Program)联合国粮农组织FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization

12、 of the United States)联合国贸易与进展会议UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development)粮食安全Food security慢性萧条 chronic depression贸易和投资自由化和便利化 TILF (Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation)贸易与进展委员会Committee on Trade and Development贸易与环境委员会Committee on Trade and Environment模式Modalities南

13、方共同市场（或称南锥体共同市场）MERCOSUR (Southern Common Market)南亚区域合作联盟SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional cooperation)欧洲自由贸易联盟EFTA (European Free Trade Association)配额调整条款modulation of quota clause瓶颈制约 bottleneck restrictions全球配额 global quota上诉机构Appeal body申报制度 reporting system; income declaration system生

14、产补贴Production subsidy实行国民待遇 grant the national treatment to实质损害Material injury食品法典委员会 CAC(Codex Alimentaries Commission) 世界海关组织WCO (World Customs Organization)世界贸易组织WTO (World Trade Organization)市场准人的行政治理措施 AAMA (Administrative Aspects of Market Access)市场准入Market access通知义务Notification obligation同类产

15、品Like product乌拉圭回合Uruguay Round消费膨胀 inflated consumption和谐制度（商品名称及编码和谐制度）HS (Harmonized Commodity and Coding System)新议题New issues许可费 License fee有秩序的市场安排Orderly market arrangements约束水平Bound level争端解决机构Dispute Settlement Body政府采购 Government procurement 直截了当支付Direct payment诸边协议 Plurilateral agreement 专

16、门的营销机构Market boards转基因生物GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms)祖父条款 grandfather clause最不发达国家LDCs (Least-developed countries)最初谈判权(初谈权) INRs (Initial Negotiating Rights) 最惠国待遇（现通常称正常贸易关系）MFN（most-favored-nation) treatment最惠国贸易地位(待遇)MFN (Most-favored-nation)(Treatment)WTO术语英文讲明GeneralGATT General Agreem

17、ent on Tariffs and Trade, which has been superseded as an international organization by the WTO. An updated General Agreement is now one of the WTOs agreements. GATT 1947 The old (pre-1994) version of the GATT.GATT 1994 The new version of the General Agreement, incorporated into the WTO, which gover

18、ns trade in goods.Members WTO governments (first letter capitalized, in WTO style).TPRB, TPRM The Trade Policy Review Body is General Council operating under special procedures for meetings to review trade policies and practices of individual WTO members under the Trade Policy Review Mechanism.trans

19、parency Degree to which trade policies and practices, and the process by which they are established, are open and predictable.Uruguay Round Multilateral trade negotiations launched at Punta del Este, Uruguay in September 1986 and concluded in Geneva in December 1993. Signed by Ministers in Marrakesh

20、, Morocco, in April 1994. Tariffs binding, bound see “tariff binding”free-rider A casual term used to infer that a country which does not make any trade concessions, profits, nonetheless, from tariff cuts and concessions made by other countries in negotiations under the most-favoured-nation principl

21、e.Harmonized System An international nomenclature developed by the World Customs Organization, which is arranged in six digit codes allowing all participating countries to classify traded goods on a common basis. Beyond the six digit level, countries are free to introduce national distinctions for t

22、ariffs and many other purposes.ITA Information Technology Agreement, or formally the Ministerial-Declaration on Trade in Information Technology Products, under which participants will remove tariffs on IT products by the year 2000.ITA II Negotiations aimed at expanding ITAs product coverage.nuisance

23、 tariff Tariff so low that it costs the government more to collect it than the revenue it generates.schedule of concessions List of bound tariff rates.tariff binding Commitment not to increase a rate of duty beyond an agreed level. Once a rate of duty is bound, it may not be raised without compensat

24、ing the affected parties.tariff escalation Higher import duties on semi-processed products than on raw materials, and higher still on finished products. This practice protects domestic processing industries and discourages the development of processing activity in the countries where raw materials o

25、riginate.tariff peaks Relatively high tariffs, usually on “sensitive” products, amidst generally low tariff levels. For industrialized countries, tariffs of 15% and above are generally recognized as “tariff peaks”.tariffs Customs duties on merchandise imports. Levied either on an ad valorem basis (p

26、ercentage of value) or on a specific basis (e.g. $7 per 100 kgs.). Tariffs give price advantage to similar locally-produced goods and raise revenues for the government.WCO World Customs Organization, a multilateral body located in Brussels through which participating countries seek to simplify and r

27、ationalize customs procedures.Non-tariff measures anti-dumping duties Article VI of the GATT 1994 permits the imposition of anti-dumping duties against dumped goods, equal to the difference between their export price and their normal value, if dumping causes injury to producers of competing products

28、 in the importing country.circumvention Measures taken by exporters to evade anti-dumping or countervailing duties.countervailing measures Action taken by the importing country, usually in the form of increased duties to offset subsidies given to producers or exporters in the exporting country.dumpi

29、ng Occurs when goods are exported at a price less than their normal value, generally meaning they are exported for less than they are sold in the domestic market or third-country markets, or at less than production cost.NTMs Non-tariff measures such as quotas, import licensing systems, sanitary regu

30、lations, prohibitions, etc.price undertaking Undertaking by an exporter to raise the export price of the product to avoid the possibility of an anti-dumping duty.PSI Preshipment inspection the practice of employing specialized private companies to check shipment details of goods ordered overseas i.e

31、. price, quantity, quality, etc.QRs Quantitative restrictions specific limits on the quantity or value of goods that can be imported (or exported) during a specific time period. rules of origin Laws, regulations and administrative procedures which determine a products country of origin. A decision by a customs authority on origin can determine whether a shipment falls within a quota limitation, qualifies for a tariff preference or is affected by an anti-dumping duty. These rules can vary from country to country.safeguard measures Action tak