托福历年词汇真题 第三部分.docx

托福历年词汇真题 第三部分.docx

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托福历年词汇真题第三部分

托福历年词汇真题第三部分

201.Thisiswhyglassshatterssoeasilywhendealtablow,whyglassdeterioratesovertime,especiallywhenexposedtomoisture,andwhyglasswaremustbeslowlyreheatedanduniformlycooledaftermanufacturetoreleaseinternalstressesinducedbyunevencooling.

Thewords"exposedto"inline19areclosestinmeaningto

（A）hardenedby

（B）chilledwith

（C）subjectedto

（D）deprivedof

202.Thisiswhyglassshatterssoeasilywhendealtablow,whyglassdeterioratesovertime,especiallywhenexposedtomoisture,andwhyglasswaremustbeslowlyreheatedanduniformlycooledaftermanufacturetoreleaseinternalstressesinducedbyunevencooling.Theword"induced"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）joined

（B）missed

（C）caused

（D）lost

203.Thebest-knownspecimensaretheremarkabletracksdiscoveredatLactoli,Tanzania,byMaryLeakey.Theword"remarkable"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）extraordinary

（B）enormous

（C）various

（D）orderly

204.Thepressuresexertedalongthefoot,togetherwiththelengthofstride,whichaveraged87centimeters,indicatedthatthehominidshadbeenwalkingslowly.Inshort,allthedetectablemorphologicalfeaturesimpliedthatthefeetthatleftthefootprintswereverylittledifferentfromthoseofcontemporaryhumans.Theword"exerted"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）influenced

（B）applied

（C）returned

（D）lessened

205.Thestudyoffossilfootprintsisnotrestrictedtoexamplesfromsuchremoteperiods.Hundredsofprintsareknown,forexample,inFrenchcavesdatingfromtheendofthelasticeage,approximately10,000yearsago.Theword"restricted"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）limited

（B）improved

（C）continued

（D）succeeded

206.Thelivelihoodofeachspeciesinthevastandintricateassemblageoflivingthingsdependsontheexistenceofotherorganisms.Theword"intricate"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）difficult

（B）widespread

（C）critical

（D）complex

207.Amultitudeofmicroorganisms（includingvirusesandbacteria）andanarmyofinvertebrates---Theexpression"anarmy"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）anillness

（B）anattack

（C）alargenumber

（D）adistincttype

208.Membersoftheanimalkingdomhavedevelopedavarietyofdefensemechanismsfordealingwithparasites.Althoughthesemechanismsvaryconsiderably,allmajorgroupsofanimalsarecapableofdetectingandreactingtothepresenceof"foreign"cells.Theword"vary"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）differ

（B）endure

（C）balance

（D）contribute

209.Unimprovised,completelystructuredjazzdoesexist,buttheabilityofthebestjazzmusicianstocreatemusicofgreatcohesionandbeautyduringaperformancehasbeenahallmarkofthemusicanditsmajorsourceofinspirationandchange.Theword"cohesion"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）sorrow

（B）fame

（C）unity

（D）vibration

210.Theseconddistinguishingcharacteristicofjazzisarhythmicdrivethatwasinitiallycalled"hot"andlater"swing."Theword"initially"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）atfirst

（B）shortly

（C）alphabetically

（D）infact

211.Inplayinghot,amusicianconsciouslydepartsfromstrictmetertocreatearelaxedsenseofphrasingthatalsoemphasizestheunderlyingrhythms.Theword"consciously"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）carelessly

（B）easily

（C）periodically

（D）purposely

212.Notalljazzishot,however;manyearlybandsplayedunadornedpublishedarrangementsofpopularsongs.Theword"unadorned"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）lovely

（B）plain

（C）disorganized

（D）inexpensive

213.ThetightarrangementenabledtheMandanstoprotectthemselvesmoreeasilyfromtheattacksofotherswhomightseektoobtainsomeofthefoodthesehighlycapablefarmersstoredfromoneyearstothenext.Theword"enabled"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）covered

（B）reminded

（C）helped

（D）isolated

214.Theyhadtoexerciseconsiderableskilltoproducethedesiredresults,fortheirnorthernlocationmeantfleetinggrowingseasons.Theword"considerable"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）planning

（B）much

（C）physical

（D）new

215.Thisgreencornwasboiled,dried,andshelled,withsomeofthemaizeslatedforimmediateconsumptionandthereststoredinanimal-skinbags.Theword"consumption"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）decay

（B）planting

（C）eating

（D）conversion

216.Withappropriatebankingoftheextrafood,theMandansprotectedthemselvesagainstthedisasterofcropfailureandaccompanyinghunger.Theword"disaster"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）control

（B）catastrophe

（C）avoidance

（D）history

217.Heliumnucleihavealsobeenfoundtobeconstituentsofcosmicraysthatfallontheearth（cosmic"rays"arenotreallyaformofradiation;theyconsistofrapidlymovingparticlesofnumerousdifferentkinds）.Theword"constituents"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）relatives

（B）causes

（C）components

（D）targets

218.Itsrelativeabundanceneverseemstovarymuch.Insomeplaces,theremaybeslightlymoreofit;inothers,slightlyless,buttheratioofheliumtohydrogennucleialwaysremainsaboutthesame.Theword"vary"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）mean

（B）stretch

（C）change

（D）include

219.However,theamountofheliumthatcouldhavebeenproducedinthismannercanbecalculated,anditturnsouttobenomorethanafewpercent.Theword"calculated"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）ignored

（B）converted

（C）increased

（D）determined

220.Bythetimetheuniversewasafewminutesold,heliumproductionhaseffectivelyceased.Theword"ceased"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）extended

（B）performed

（C）takenhold

（D）stopped

221.WealthyandsociallyprominentsettlersmadequiltsoftheEnglishtype,cutfromlargelengthsofclothofthesamecolorandtextureratherthanstitchedtogetherfromsmallerpieces.Theword"prominent"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）isolated

（B）concerned

（C）generous

（D）distinguished

222.Thistermwasusuallyappliedtoafabricofwoolandlinenusedinheavyclothingandquiltedpetticoatsworninthewintertime.Thephrase"appliedto"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）sewnonto

（B）comparedto

（C）usedfor

（D）writtendownon

223.Rather,theyweremadeofatoplayerofwoolenorglazedworstedwoolfabric,consistingofsmooth,compactyarnfromlongwoolfibers,dyeddarkblue,green,orbrownwithabottomlayerofacoarserwoolenmaterial,eithernaturalorashadeofyellow.Theword"coarser"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）older

（B）lessheavy

（C）moreattractive

（D）rougher

224.Thelinsey-woolseycoveringwasfoundinthecolderregionsofthecountrybecauseofthewarmthitafforded.Theword"afforded"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）provided

（B）spent

（C）avoided

（D）absorbed

225.Growingtightlypackedtogetherandcollectivelyweavingadensecanopyofbranches,astandofredaldertreescantotallydominateasitetotheexclusionofalmosteverythingelse.Theword"dense"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）dark

（B）tall

（C）thick

（D）broad

226.Farmdwellersintheirisolationnotonlyfoundithardertolocatecompanionsinplaybutalso,thankstotheunendingdemandsandpressuresoftheirwork,feltitnecessarytocombinefunwithpurpose.Thephrase"thanksto"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）gratefulfor

（B）helpwith

（C）becauseof

（D）machinesfor

227.Themosteagerlyanticipatedsocialeventsweretheruralfairs.Hundredsofmen,women,andchildrenattendedfromfarandnear.Thephrase"eagerlyanticipated"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）wellorganized

（B）old-fashioned

（C）stronglyopposed

（D）lookedforwardto

228.Althoughthephlogistontheorywasself-consistent,itwasawkwardbecauseitrequiredthatimaginative,evenmysterious,propertiesbeascribedtophlogiston.Theword"properties"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）interpretations

（B）locations

（C）characteristics

（D）virtues

229.Althoughthephlogistontheorywasself-consistent,itwasawkwardbecauseitrequiredthatimaginative,evenmysterious,propertiesbeascribedtophlogiston.Thephrase"ascribedto"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）analyzedandisolatedin

（B）returnedtotheiroriginalconditionin

（C）assumedtobetrueof

（E）diagrammedwith

230.Intheeighteenthcentury,AntoineLavoisier,onthebasisofcarefulexperimentationwasledtoproposeadifferenttheoryofburning,onethatrequiredaconstituentofair-latershowntobeoxygen-forcombustion.Theword"constituent"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）component

（B）opposite

（C）principle

（D）temperature

231.Sincetheweightoftheoxygenisalwaysadded,theweightoftheproductsofcombustion,includingtheevolvedgases,wouldalwaysbegreaterthantheweightofthestartingmaterial.Theword"Since"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）later

（B）because

（C）during

（D）although

232.Ironproductionwasrevolutionizedintheearlyeighteenthcenturywhencokewasfirstusedinsteadofcharcoalforrefiningironore.Theword"revolutionized"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

（A）quicklystarted

（B）graduallyopened

（C）dramaticallychanged

（D）carefullyexamined

233.Apartfromitslowcost,theappealofironasabuildingmateriallayinitsstrength,itsresistancetofire,anditspotenti