CEB题库 Verbal Question 总汇.docx

CEB题库 Verbal Question 总汇.docx

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CEB题库VerbalQuestion总汇

1.Allscientificknowledgeisprovisional.Everythingthatscienceknows,eventhemostmundanefactsandlong-establishedtheories,issubjecttore-examinationasnewinformationcomesinthelatestdataandideasarescrutinizedthemost.Somerecantationswillbeunavoidable,butthisisnotaweaknessofscience,butratheritsstrength.Noendeavorrivalsscienceinitsincrementalprogresstowardsamorecompleteunderstandingoftheobservableuniverse.

a）Scienceimprovesunderstandingonthebasisofleavingunchallengedthosetheoriesthatappeartowork.F

b）Somefactsinsciencecannotbechallengedifanyprogressistobemade.C

c）Thatwhichisnotobservablecannotbepartofthedomainofscience.C

2.AtthemomentofGTC,likeotherEuropeanproducers,isabletorelieveatleastsomeofitsover-capacitybyexporting,partlytoCentralAmerica.Adecadefromnow,thatregionwillbelargelyself-sufficientandtradewillbestartingtoflowtheotherway.However,forGTCinvestors,thecompany’srecentrestructurecouldheraldbettertimes.Thegroup’slackoffocusandlack-lusterreturnshavebeenmuchcriticizedoflate.

a）CentralAmericawill,inthefuture,begintoexportlesstoEurope.F

b）CentralAmericanproducerswillfindareadymarketfortheirproductsinEurope.C

c）Restructuringgenerallyproducesanincreaseinprofitability.C

3.Anewcomputerprogramcantellwhetherabookwaswrittenbyamanorawoman.Thesimplescanofkeywordsandsyntaxisabout80%accurateonbothfictionandnon-fiction.Theprogram’ssuccessseemstoconfirmthestereotypicalperceptionofdifferencesinmaleandfemalelanguageuse.Crudelyput,mentalkmoreaboutobjectsandwomenmoreaboutrelationships.

Femalewritersusemorepronouns（I,you,she,myself）,whilstmalespreferwordsthat

identifyordeterminenouns（a,the,that）andwordsthatquantifythem（one,two,

more）.Thesedifferingstyleshavepreviouslybeencalled“involved”and

“informational”,respectively.

Thealgorithmwithintheprogramwasinitiallytrainedonafewtestcasestoidentifythemostprevalentfingerprintsofgenderandoffictionandnon-fiction.Thealgorithmcannowbefocusedonnewbodiesoftext.Strikingly,thedistinctionsbetweenmaleandfemalewritersaremuchthesameasthosethat,evenmoreclearly,differentiatenonfiction-andfiction.Theprogramcantellthesetwogenresapartwith98%accuracy.

a）Stereotypesaregenerallybasedonfact.C

b）Womenaremorelikelythanmentoadoptan“informational”styleofwrittencommunication.F

c）Theprogramismoreaccurateatidentifyingthegenderofthewriterthanthefictionornon-fictioncontentofthepassage.F

4.Amateurscientistshavelongbeenattractedtothedisciplineofastronomy,andprofessionalastronomersarefrequentlysupportiveoftheircontributiontothescience.Indeed,amateurastronomershaveoftenbeenthefirsttospotanunchartedcometorstar.Untilnow,therequiredscientificequipmenthas,unfortunately,beenlargelyveryexpensive,varyingaccordingtotheintricacyandsizeoftheapparatus.Accordingtosomescientists,however,thespreadofnew,cheaptechnology,particularlyininformationanddatamanagement,promisestodramaticallychangeandfacilitateamateur-professionalinteraction,andcollaboration.

a）Amateur-professionalcollaborationwillcontributetotheadvancementofastronomy.T

b）Inthepast,allscientificequipmentrequiredforresearchinastronomywasveryexpensive.C

c）Followingthespreadofnew,andcheapertechnology,moreamateurscientistsarecollaboratingwithprofessionals.C

5.Asuperficialconsiderationofbiotechnologywillcommonlypresentanimpressionofethicalneutrality.Onthecontrary,however,itiscloselyrelatedtothefrequentlyconflictingvaluesandaspirationsofsociety.Geneticallymodifiedfoodisaparticularlygoodexample,presentingthepotentialtobearmoreresilientandnutritiouscrops,andthuscontributetothefightagainstworldhunger,whilesimultaneouslyraisingconcernsregardingitslong-termeffectsandenvironmentalethics.ItisthisethicalandscientificcontroversythatultimatelyleadtotherejectionofgeneticallymodifiedfoodinEurope.

a）Thedebatesurroundingtheethicsofgeneticallymodifiedfoodcontributedtoitsrejectioninsomecountries.

b）Theriskofgeneticallymodifiedfoodoutweighsthepotentialbenefits.

c）TheEuropeanpopulationismoreconcernedwiththeenvironmentalethicsofgeneticallymodifiedfoodthanothersocieties.

6.Communicationtechnologiesarefarfromequivalent.Arecentstudycomparinghonestyacrossarangeofdifferentmediarevealedthatpeopleweretwiceaslikelytotelllieswhenusingthephoneaswhencommunicatingviae-mail.Ithadpreviouslybeenassumedthatpeoplewouldbemoreinclinedtofabricatethetruthwhenusinge-mail,duetotheremotenessoftheinteractionmakingpeoplemorecomfortableaboutdeceivingothers.Onthecontrary,itseemsthatanxietyovertheaccountability可affordedbytherecordingofe-mailexchangesinducesgreatertruthfulness.However,theresearchalsonotedthatpeoplearemuchmorelikelytoberudeorinsultingovere-mail,outweighinganybenefitsofincreasedhonesty.

a）Animplicationofthestudyisthatiftelephoneconversationsarerecordedandpeopleareawareofthisfact,theyarelikelytobemoretruthfuloverthephone.T

b）Peopleareunconcernedabouttherepercussionofe-mailuntruths.F

c）Ithadbeenassumedthatpeoplewouldcommunicatemorehonestlywhenusinge-mailthanwhenusingthetelephone.F

7.Formanyyears,manufacturingpracticesremaineddevoidofinnovation.Thatis,untilthemidl-1990s,whentrendsinmodernmanufacturingcreatedavirtualrevolution.Thiswasdrivenbyeconomicsurvival,globalcompetitionandrapidlychangingcustomermarkets.Theseexternalforcesledtotheintroductionofproductionmethodssuchasjust-in-timeinventorycontrol,advancedmanufacturingtechnology,andintegratedmanufacturingsystems.Thesepracticesmeantthatmanufacturescouldremainresponsivetomarketconditionsandproduceitemswhichmetcustomers’needs.However,thesenewinnovationshavenotnecessarilymeantthatthequalityanddurabilityofproductshaveimproved.

a）Introducingjust-in-timeinventorycontrolisthebestwaytoremainresponsivetomarketdemands.C

b）Manufacturerswhodonottakeupmodernmanufacturingmethodswillnotautomaticallyproduceinferioritems.C

c）Allmanufacturershaveintroducednewproductionpracticestosurvive.

8.Formostpeople,anyreferencetohypnosisbringstomindimagesofindividualsinvolvedinamusing,andoftenoutofcharacter,behavior.However,hypnosisisalsoatopicofscientificresearch.Researchbyscientistsoverthelastfewdecadeshasrevealedwaysinwhichmemoryprocesses,andprocessesinvolvedinpainperceptioncanbechangedusinghypnosis.Ithasalsobeenfoundthathypnoticsuggestionscanregulateactivityinidentifiablesectionsofthebrainandcancontributetotheeffectivemanagementofcognitive认知的conflict.Findingsfromseveralrelatedbrainimagingstudies,forexample,havesuggestedthatpeopleunderhypnosiscabexhibitreducedlevelofbrainactivityinbothvisualareaandtheanteriorcingulatecortex.Disparateresearchhasalreadyestablishedtheroleofthesebrainstructuresinthemonitoringthecognitiveconflict.

a）Underhypnosismostindividualsparticipateinentertainingactivities.

9.Financialfraudisacrimeofgrowingsignificantly.In2003,8%ofreportedbusiness-relatedcrimeswasfraud,averaging$35000inlosses.By2005,whilstfinancialfraudwasfoundtobethesixth-mostfrequentcrime,itwasthethird-highestconcernamongstbusinessleaders.Researchersfoundthat,globally,internet-basedfraudwasrisingdramaticallyin2005.Themainreasonsforfraudincludedpoorsupervisionandlackofproperdivisionofduties,inadequatecontrolofaccesstosystem,andpoorauthorizationcontrols.Internaldetectivemeasuresuncovered无防备lessthanhalfofthecases,withanincreasingnumberofcasesbeingdiscoveredbyaccident.Onethirdofthecaseswerecommittedbymanagerial-staff,whilehalfwerecommittedbynon-managerialstaff.

a）Detectivemethodswereoperatingveryeffectivelyin2005.F

b）Overhalfofallcasesoffraudin2005werediscoveredbyaccident.C

c）BusinessleadersaremoreconcernedaboutfinancialfraudthanbeforebecauseofthegrowthoftheInternet.C

10.Fullemploymentisaconcept,whichisoftenreferredtobutseldom很少defined.Beveridge’sdescriptioncomesclosetowhatmosteconomistsunderstandbytheterm.Inhisviewfullemploymentmeansthat“unemploymentisreducedtoshortintervals间隔ofstandingby,withthecertaintythatverysoononewillbewantedinone’soldjobagainorwillbewantedinanewjobthatiswithinone’spowers.”Inotherwords,fillemploymentdoesnotmeanzerounemployment,butallowsforsomemeasureofacceptableunemployment,forexample,“frictional”unemploymentwhilstchangingjobs.

a）Definitionsoffullemploymentareabundant.F

b）SomeeconomistsdonotunderstandfullemploymentinBeveridge’sterms.C

c）InB’sview,fullemploymentincorporatesthoseunemployedpeoplewhoarecertaintoregainworkveryshortly.T

11.Genuinealtruism,whendefinedas‘selflesshelping’,hasbeenshowninrecentyearstobeamostelusive,indeedparadoxical,concept.Infact,somepeoplenowviewitassomekindofidealthatneverreallyexisted.Howcouldanybodybeentirelyselflessandhelpwithoutanyexpectationofarewardofsometype?

Accordingtosomepeople,thepleasureofhelpingisitselfitsownreward,whereasother