英语专业毕业生论文模版.docx
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英语专业毕业生论文模版
附件13
河南理工大学万方科技学院本科生毕业论文
AnAnalysisofSymbolismin
TheScarletLetter
浅析《红字》中象征主义手法的运用
院系名称
文法系
姓 名
学 号
专 业
英语
指导教师
2009年5月30日
AnAnalysisofSymbolismin
TheScarletLetter
AThesisSubmittedto
ForeignLanguagesDepartmentof
HenanUniversityofFinanceandEconomicsin
PartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementsforthe
DegreeofBachelorofArts
By
XXX
Supervisor:
XXX
May30,2009
Abstract
NathanielHawthorneisagreatromanticnovelistinAmericainthe19thcentury.Asagreatromanticnovelist,Hawthorneisoutstandinginhandlingapplicationofsymbolism.
TheScarletLetterisHawthorne'smostimportantsymbolicnovel,whichisthebestworkofHawthorneandoneoftheindubitablemasterpiecesofAmericanLiterature.AnditisthisnovelthatmakesNathanielHawthorneknownallaroundtheworld.Inthiswork,Hawthorneusesthesymbolismsoskillfullythatitenhancestheartisticeffectsofhisworkgreatly.InTheScarletLetter,symbolismrunsthroughthewholenovel.Themostimportantsymbolisthescarletletteritself.Notonlydoes“A”manifestinvariousforms,butalsoithaschangingmeaningsfrom“adultery”to“able”,even“angelic”inthenovel.Besides,thenameofthefourmajorcharactersinthenovel:
HesterPrynne,ArthurDimmesdale,RogerChillingworthandPearlalsohavetheirownsymbolicmeanings.Someotherobjectsandnaturalsurroundingsthataredescribedinthenovelsuchasthejail,theforest,therosebushandsoonareallendowedwithadeepsymbolicsignificance.TheauthorofthethesiswillexploretheusageofsymbolisminTheScarletLetterfromthethreeaspectsmentionedaboveandanalyzeHawthorne’sskillfuluseofsymbolisminTheScarletLetter.
KeyWords:
thescarletletter;symbolism;HesterPrynne;Pearl
(在正文之前使用罗马数字页码)
摘要
纳撒尼尔·霍桑是十九世纪美国伟大的浪漫主义小说家。
作为一位伟大的浪漫主义小说家,霍桑对象征主义手法的运用可以说是独具匠心。
长篇小说《红字》是霍桑重要的象征主义代表作品,无疑也是美国文学浪漫主义时期最著名的作品之一。
也正是这部巨著使得霍桑誉满全球。
在这部作品中,作者巧妙运用了象征主义手法,加强了作品的艺术效果。
整篇作品象征主义手法贯穿始终。
其中,最重要的要数红字“A”本身的象征意义。
它不仅以各种各样的形式出现,并且其象征意义不断变化,从“通奸”到“有能力的”甚至“天使般的”。
此外,小说中四个主要角色:
海丝特,丁梅斯代尔,齐灵沃斯,珠儿也都有其各自的象征意义。
小说中描述的景物和场景,例如监狱、森林、玫瑰花园等等也都寓意深刻。
本文正是从以上这几个方面着手,探究作者在小说《红字》中对象征主义手法的巧妙运用。
关键词:
红字;象征;海丝特·普琳;珍珠
Acknowledgements
Thisthesisistheproductoftheauthorandthesupervisor'sthreemonthsofefforts.IthasbeenrepeatedlyrevisedundertheguidanceofProfessorXXX.ItwasthejointeffortsofboththeauthorandtheteachersinForeignLanguagesDepartment.IwouldliketoexpressmyheartfeltthankstoProfessorXXXandtheteacherswhohavehelpedtheauthorintheprocessofthethesiswriting.Iwillalsogivemythankstomyclassmatesandfriendswhohavehelpedmerevisethethesis.Lastbutnotleast,Iwillgivemyheartfeltthankstomyparentswhohavebeenalwayssupportingandencouragingme.
Contents
(一级标题加粗,二级标题不加粗)
Introduction
NathanielHawthornewasborninSalemin1804.HewasborninaprestigiousNewEnglandfamilycloselyrelatedwithPuritanchurch;hisancestorsattendedthepersecutionofpeoplebelongingtodifferentchurches,suchasQuakers.Whenhewasborn,hisfamilydeclined.Hewasawareofhisancestors'misdeedsandthus"blacknessofHawthorne"formed.Hethoughtthatthereasonofhisfamily'sdeclineishisancestors'misdeeds.Andhedidn'tagreewiththeoptimismheldbyTranscendentaliststowardshumannature.Hewrotelotsofworksoneverlastingevilsideinhumannature
HawthornegraduatedfromBowdoinCollege.HenryWadsworthLongfellowandFranklinPierce,the14thAmericanpresidentswerehisclassmates.Aftergraduation,helivedinseclusionandwrote.Later,heworkedintheUSCustomHouse.AfterPiercebecamepresident,hewasaskedtobetheconsularinLiverpoolandItaly.
Hawthorne'smasterpieceincludeshisshortstorycollections:
Twice-ToldTales;MosesfromanOldManseandnovels:
TheScarletLetter;TheHouseofSevenGables;TheBlithedaleRomance;TheMarbleFaun.
Hawthorne'swritingskillscanbesummarizedasfollows:
Hawthorneseemstobeinfluencedalotbythesinandevilinhissense.Hebelievesevilexistsinhumanheartallthetime.Forexample,inthenovelTheScarletLetter,theministerDimmesdaletriestopretendhowpureandpiousheis.Hewantstocoveruptheevilinhismind.NotonlyDimmesdalewantstodolikethis,butalsoallthepeopleintheworld,becauseweareonlyhumanbeings.Andtheeviljustlikesamarkthatexistsinourmindwhenweareborn.AndinHawthorne’smind,peoplewhocommitacrimemustbepunished,becausepeoplecangetexperiencefromthisway.Andalsohesupportspeopletotellthetruthandnottooffend.NathanielHawthorneisagreatromanticnovelistinAmericainthe19thcenturyandisconsideredtobethefirstgreatestAmericanfictionwriterinthemoralistictradition.Hawthorneisoutstandinginliteratureskill,especiallyinhandlingsymbolism.Hiswork---TheScarletLetterisnotableforitssymbolismandisregardedasthefirstsymbolicnovelinAmericanliterature.
Thestorybeginsinseventeenth-centuryBoston,whichisunderPuritancommand.Thehusband---anoldanduglyscholar,sendsayoungwoman,namedHesterPrynne,aheadtoAmerica.However,formanyyears,hehimselfdoesn’tarrive.Obviously,itispossiblethathehasbeenlostinthesea.Whilewaitingforherhusband,HesterandayounglocalministercalledArthurDimmesdalefallinlovewitheachother.Theycommitadulterysecretly.BecauseofHester’sPregnancy,thesecretisfinallydiscovered.HesterandDimmesdaleloveeachother.Buttheirloveisforbiddeninthatstrictsociety.Itissinful.Duetothisfact,Hesterispunishedbysocietywithaletter“A”onherchest,whichisconsideredtobeanevil,ashame.
Hesterisbraveenoughtofacethecruelsociety.Sheisalwayswithamindofcourage.Shehasbeenalonewithherchildforsolongatime,withlittlecommunication.Hesterhastoweartheletter“A”daybyday,sevenyearsasforpunishmentandillfame.However,Hesterisakind-heartedwomanandisalwaysreadytohelpotherpeopleinthecommunitywithoutexpectinganythanks.Later,peopleinthetownnolongerviewthescarletletterAasapunishment,butratherasrepresentinghergreatstrengthandbraveryandtheysayitmeans“Able”.
ButArthurDimmesdale,hissinagainstHesterandPearlisthathewillnotacknowledgethemashiswifeanddaughterinthedaylight.Heistooweaktoadmithissins.Hesuffersfrommysterioushearttrouble,seeminglycausedbypsychologicaldistress.What’sworse,heisanadvisortothetownspeopleabouttheirsins.
AfterMr.Dimmesdale’sdeath,noonechangesmoreinappearancethanRogerChillingworth.Allhisstrengthandenergyhasbeenusedtoharmhispatient.Thisunhappymanhasmadehisaiminlifetoaddtothesufferingoftheyoungminister.Whentheeviloldmannolongerhassuchapurpose,thedeviltakeshimbacktothehell.
TheScarletLetterisaculturalallegory,inwhichtheauthorindirectlytellsthefutureofPuritanism.TheScarletLetterisasampleinwhichAmericanRomanticismadapteditselftoAmericanPuritanism.Thethemeofthestoryshould
1VariousSymbolicMeaningsoftheScarletLetter“A”
1.1TheChangeoftheSymbolicMeaningsoftheScarletLetter“A”
Inthisnovel,thescarletletter“A”changesitsmeaningsformanytimes.Thischangeisverysignificant.Itshowsgrowthinthecharacters,andthecommunityinwhichtheylive.Attheverybeginning,theletter“A”isregardedasakindofsinorevil.Thenwiththedevelopmentofthestory,itbecomesasymbolofaloneandalienationofthefemalecharacterHester.Finally,itbecomesasymbolofable,admirableandangel.
1.1.1Adultery
Inthenovel,theletter"A",wornonHester'sbosom,isasymbolofheradulteryagainstRogerChillingworth.Puttingtheletter“A”onherbosomandlettinghershowtothepublicisthepuritanwayoftreatingherasacriminal,forthecrimeofadultery.Hesterislookeddownuponasifsheissomesortofdemonfromhellthatcommitsaterriblecrime.Thisletterismeanttobeworninshame,andtomakeHesterfeelunwanted.Thisisthecommonwaytoexplainthesymbolicmeaningoftheletter.Thecolorofscarletisthesymbolofbloodanddesire.HesterandDimmesdalecannotcontroltheirloveforeachotherandbecomethecriminalsofGod.Awomanlosesherpurityandaholyministerispunishedforbringingshametohisholyoccupation.Redshouldberegardedasthesymbolofloveandlife,butunderthecontrolofthePuritanstrictness,Hesterhastowearthescarletletter“A”inordertoberegardedasasymbolofshameandpunishment.
“Here,shesaidtoherself,hadbeenthesceneofherguilt,andhereshouldbethesceneofherearthlypunishment…”(Brown,2002:
123)Hesterisashamedofhersin,butshechoosestofacetherealityratherthanescapefromit.Manypeoplemaychoosethewayofleavingforsomeotherplaceswherenobodyknowsofhersin.However,Hesterisbraveenoughtocontinuetoliveherlife,whichshowsgreatstrengthandintegrityofher.
1.1.2AloneandAlienation
Thescarletletter“A”alsosymbolizesHester'slonelylifeinNewEngland.Hester'ssociallifeisvirtuallyeliminatedasaresultofhershamefulpast.Shehastoliveinsuchacommunityregardlessofothers'ironicalwordsandwithgreatcourageandability.“Ithadbeenbuiltbyanearliersettler,andabandoned,becausethesoilaboutitwastoosterileforcultivation,whileitscomparativeremotenessputitoutofthesphereofthatsocialactivitywhichalreadymarkedthehabitsoftheemigrants.”Hestercomestohaveaparttoperformintheworldwithhernativeenergyofcharacterandrarecapacity."(Chase,1957,)However,therewasnothingthat