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答案英国文学史名词解释
TheAnglo-SaxonPeriod
I.
1.canbetermedEngland'snationalepicanditsheroBeowulf—oneofthe
nationalheroesoftheEnglishpeople.
2.TheliteratureofAnglo-Saxonperiodfallsnaturallyintotwodivisions,--and.
TheformerrepresentsthepoetrywhichtheAnglo-Saxonsprobablybroughtwiththemintheformof,--thecrudematerialoutofwhichliteraturewasslowlydevelopedon
Englishsoil;thelatterrepresentsthedevelopedunderteachingofthemonks.
3.TheSongofBeowulfreflectseventswhichtookplaceontheapproximatelyatthe
beginningofthe6thcentury,whentheforefathersofthelivedinthesouthernpartof
the.
4.TheoldEnglishpoetrycanbedividedintotwogroups:
thepoetryandthe
poetry.(secular,religious)
5.istheoldestpoemintheEnglishlanguage,andalsotheoldestsurvivingepicin
theEnglishlanguage.(Beowulf)
II.
1.isthefirstimportantreligiouspoetinEnglishliterature.
A.JohnDonneB.GeorgeHerbertC.CaedmonD.Milton
2.InAnglo-Saxonperiod,Beowulfrepresentedthepoetry.
A.paganB.religiousC.romanticD.sentimental
III.Definetheliteraryterms
1.Epic
Itis,originally,anoralnarrativepoem,majesticbothinthemeandstyle.Epicsdealwithlegendaryorhistoricaleventsofnationaloruniversalsignificance,involvingactionofbroadsweepandgrandeur.Mostepicsdealwiththeexploitsofasingleindividual.Thecharacteristicsoftheheroofanepicarenationalratherthanindividual.Typically,anepicincludesseveralfeatures:
theintroductionofsupernaturalforcesthatshapetheaction;conflictintheformofbattlesorotherphysicalcombat;andstylisticconventionssuchasaninvocationtotheMuse,aformalstatementofthetheme,longlistsoftheprotagonistinvolved,andsetspeechescouchedinelevatedlanguage.ExamplesincludetheancientGreekepicsbyHomer,IliadandOdyssey,TheFaerieQueenebyEdmundSpenserandTheParadiseLostbyJohnMilton.
2.Alliteration
Arepeatedinitialconsonanttosuccessivewords.
TheAnglo-NormanPeriod
I.
1.Intheyear,atthebattleof,theNormansheadedbyWilliam,Duke
ofNormandy,defeatedtheAnglo-Saxons.
2.TheliteraturewhichNormansbroughttoEnglandisremarkableforitsbright,romantictalesofand,inmarkedcontrastwiththeandofAnglo-Saxonpoetry.
3.TheliteratureoftheAngio-Normanperiodwasofthreeclasses:
thematterof;
matterof;matterof.
4.aftertheConquest,feudalsystemwasestablishedinEnglishsociety.(Norman)
5.ThemostprevalentkindofliteratureinfeudalEnglandwas.Itwasalong
composition,sometimesinverse,sometimesinprose,describingthelifeandadventureofanoblehero.(romanee)
GeoffreyChaucer
I.
1.GeoffreyChaucer,the“”andoneofthegreatestnarrativepoetsof
England,wasborninLondoninorabouttheyear1340.
2.BeingspeciallyfondofthegreatwriterBoccaccio,Chaucercomposesalong
narrativepoem,baseduponBoccaccio'poem.
3.ChaucergreatlycontributedtothefoundingoftheEnglishliteraryIanguage,thebasisofwhich
wasformedbythedialect,soprofuselyusedbythepoet.
4.Chaucer'masterpieceis,oneofthemostfamousworksinallliterature.
5.ThePrologueisasplendidmasterpieceofportrayal,thefirstofitskindinthe
historyofEnglishliterature.
6.Inhisgreatestwork,TheCanterburyTales,Chaucercreatedastrikinglybrilliantand
picturesquepanoramaofhisandhis.
7.Chaucer'workispermeatedwithbuoyantfree-thinking,socharacteristicoftheageofwhoseimmediateforerunnerChaucerthusbecomes.
II.Definetheliteraryterms
1.Romanee
ItisaliterarygenrepopularintheMiddleAges,dealing,inverseorprose,withlegendary,supernatural,oramoroussubjectsandcharacters.Thetermwasappliedtotalesspecificallyconcernedwithknights,chivalry,andcourtlylove.PopularsubjectsforromancesincludedtheMacedonianKingAlexandertheGreat,KingArthurofBritainandtheknightsoftheRoundTable,andEmperorCharlemagne.
2.Ballad
Itisalyricpoemgenerallyofthreeeight-linestanzaswithaconcludingstanzaoffourlinescalledanenvoy.Withsomevariations,thelinesofaballadareiambicoranapestictetrameterrhymingababbcbc;theenvoy,whichformsapersonaldedicationtosomepersonofimportaneeortoapersonification.TheballadbecamepopularinEnglandinthelate14thcentury.
Renaissanee
I.Completethefollowingstatementswithaproperwordoraphraseaccordingtothetextbook.
1.The16thcenturyinEnglandwasaperiodofthebreakingupof
relationsandtheestablishingofthefoundationsof.
2.The16hcenturywasatimewhen,accordingtoThomasMore,“”.
3.ThetermoriginallyindicatedarevivalofclassicGreekandRomanartsand
sciencesafterthedarkagesofobscurantism.(Renaissanee)
4.brokeoffwiththePope,dissolvedallthemonasteriesandabbeysin
thecountry,confiscatedtheirlandsandproclaimedhimselfheadof
5.TheoldEnglisharistocracyhavingexterminatedinthecourseof,a
newnobility,totallydependentontheking'power,cametothefore.
6.Atthebeginningofthe16thcenturytheoutstandinghumanistwrote
hisUtopiainwhichhegaveaprofoundandtruthfulpictureofthepeople'sufferingsandputforwardhisidealofafuturehappysociety.
7.EdmundSpenserwastheauthorofthegreatestepicpoemofthetime,.
8.ThegreatestofthepioneersofEnglishdramawaswhoreformedthat
genreinEnglandandperfectedtheIanguageandverseofdramaticworks.
9.WilliamShakespearewasbornonthe23rdofApril,,in,
Warwickshire.
10.speaksthefamousTobe,ornottobe”
11.Shakespearessonnetsfallintotwoseries:
Thefirst126sonnetsareaddressedto
ayoungman,andtherest(exceptthelasttwoones)areaddressedto.
(darklady)
12.ThefourgreattragediesinShakespearesmatureperiodare,,
and.(Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,Macbeth)
13.Popedescribeasthewisest,brightest,meanestofmankind'.
14.OfBaconsliteraryworks,themostimportantarethe.
II.Definetheliterarytermslistedbelow.
1.Renaissanee:
Renaissanee,meaningrebirth'orrevival',marksatransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.Generally,itreferstotheperiodbetweenthe14andmid-17centuries.ItfirststartedinItaly,withthefloweringofpainting,sculpture,architecture,andliterature.FromItalythemovementspreadtotherestofEurope.Itisamovementstimulatedbyaseriesofhistoricalevents,suchastherediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekculture,thenewdiscoveriesingeographyandastrology,thereligiousreformationandtheeconomicexpansion.
HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.TheRenaissancehumanistthinkersfoundthathumanbeingsweregloriouscreaturescapableofindividualdevelopmentinthedirectionofperfection,andthattheworldtheyinhabitedwastheirsnottodespisebuttoquestion,explore,andenjoy.Tothem,nothingwasimpossibletoaccomplish.Thus,byemphasizingthedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportaneeofthepresentlife,theyvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthislife,buthadtheabilitytoperfecthimselfandperformwonders.
2.SonnetItisalyricalpoemoffourteenlinesthatfollowsastrictrhymeschemeTraditionally,whenwritingsonnets,Englishpoetsusuallyemployiambicpentamete.Oneofthebest-knownsonnetwritersisShakespearewhowrote154ofthem.AShakespeareansonnetconsistsof14lines,andeachlineiswritteniniambicpentameterTherhymeschemeinaShakespeareansonnetisABABCDCDEFEFGG,inwhichthelasttwolinesarearhymedcouplet.
3.Allegory:
ataleinverseorproseinwhichcharacters,orsettingsrepresentabstractideasormoralqualities.Anallegoryisastorywithtwomeanings:
aliteralmeaningandasymbolicmeaning
4.Humanism:
HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.ltemphasizesthedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportanceofthepresentlife.Humanistsvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmanwasthecenteroftheuniverseandmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthepresentlife,buthadtheabilitytoperfecthimselfandperformwonders
III.LiteraryComprehensionandAnalysis
ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?
Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:
RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,Andsummer'sleasehathalltooshortadate:
Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed,Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,
Bychance,ornature'schangingcourseuntrimmed:
Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,
Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow'st,
Norshalldeathbragthouwander'stinhisshade,Whenineternallinestotimethougrow'st,
Solongasmencanbreathe,oreyescansee,
Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.
Questions:
1.Bymeansofwhatcomparisondoestheauthorachievethismovement
fromtangibletointangible?
Tracehislogictoshowhismovement
2.Whatdoesthis”refertointhelastline?
Whatisthespeaker'purposeinwritinghiseternallinesandwhatconditionsarenecessaryforhispurposetobecarriedout?
1.Theauthorfirstcomparestheyouthwithasummerday,butthensaysthattheyouthismoregentlethanasummerday.Heexplainsthatthesummercanbeimperfectwiththedestructivewindandthehotsun,whichwillbedimmedbyovercastandclouds.Thenheannouncesthattheyouthwillpossesseternalbeautyandperfection,thusachieveshismovementfromthetangiblenaturalobjectstotheintangibleyouth.
2.This”referstothepoemwrittenbythea