美国诗歌1.docx

美国诗歌1.docx

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美国诗歌1

1样卷

I.FillintheblanksincolumnAwiththeproperlettersincolumnB.（20%）

1（a）MossesfromandOldMansea:

.Hawthorne

II.Explainthefollowingbriefly.（15%）

Framestory

Aframestoryisonewhichcontainseitheranothertale,astorywithinastory,oraseriesofstories.Well-knowninstancesaretheArabianNights,Boaccacio’sDecameron,Chaucer’sCanterburyTales,andMargueriteofNavarre’sHeptameron.MuchlaterGoetheusedthisBoccacciotechnique.MarkTwainusedthismethodinhisTheCelebratedJumpingFrogoftheCalavaresCounty.

III.Answerthefollowingfivequestions.（25%）

MakeacomparisonbetweenWaltWhitmanandEmilyDickinson.

Theysharealotincommon.Thematically,theybothextolled,intheirdifferentways,anemergentAmerica,itsexpansion,itsindividualismanditsAmericanness,theirpoetrybeingpartof“AmericanRenaissance.”Technically,theybothaddedtotheliteraryindependenceofthenewnationbybreakingfreeoftheconventionoftheiambicpentameterandexhibitingafreedominformunknownbefore:

theywerepioneersinAmericanpoetry.

Therearealotofdifferencesbetweenthem.Whitmanseemstokeephiseyeonsocietyatlarge;Dickinsonexplorestheinnerlifeoftheindividual.WhereasWhitmanis“national”inhisoutlook,Dickinsonis“regional.”Dickinsonhasthe“cataloguetechnique”（direct,simplestyle）whichWhitmandoesn’thave.

IV.Readthefollowingquotecarefullyandanswerthequestionsafterit.（15%）

Letmenottothemarriageoftrueminds

Admitimpediments.Loveisnotlove

Whichalterswhenitalterationfinds,

Orbendswiththeremovertoremove.

1.identifythepoetandthetitleofthepoem.

2.Commentonthefourlines.

V.Readthefollowingpoemandwriteacommentaryessayontheformandcontentofit.Youessayshouldhaveatitle,andbenolessthan200words.（25%）

A.E.Housman（1859-1936）

TOANATHLETEDYINGYOUNG

THEtimeyouwonyourtowntherace

Wechairedyouthroughthemarket-place;

Manandboystoodcheeringby,

Andhomewebroughtyoushoulder-high.

To-day,theroadallrunnerscome,

Shoulder-highwebringyouhome,

Andsetyouatyourthresholddown,

Townsmanofastillertown.

Smartlad,toslipbetimesaway

Fromfieldswhereglorydoesnotstay

Andearlythoughthelaurelgrows

Itwithersquickerthantherose.

Eyestheshadynighthasshut

Cannotseetherecordcut,

Andsilencesoundsnoworsethancheers

Afterearthhasstoppedtheears:

Nowyouwillnotswelltherout

Ofladsthatworetheirhonoursout,

Runnerswhomrenownoutran

Andthenamediedbeforetheman.

Soset,beforeitsechoesfade,

Thefleetfootonthesillofshade,

Andholdtothelowlintelup

Thestill-defendedchallenge-cup.

Androundthatearly-laurelledhead

Willflocktogazethestrengthlessdead,

Andfindunwitheredonitscurls

Thegarlandbrieferthanagirl's.

ThepoemToanAthleteDyingYoungwaswrittenbyasomewhatfamouspoetnamedAlfredEdward（A.E.）Housman.AccordingtoTwentiethCenturyAuthors,hewasbornin1859anddiedin1936,andwastheoldestofsevenchildren.Hisyoungerbrotherwasalsoawellknownpoet,bythenameofLaurenceHousman.SomethinghappenedtoHousman（A.E.）whenhewenttocollege,nooneisquitesureofwhatitwas,buttherewasanoticeabledifferenceinhispersonalityfromwhenhelefttowhenhecameback.Whenheleftforcollege,hewasalwayscheerful,outgoing,quickandwitty.Whenhereturned,hewasmuchdifferent,hewasmuchdarker.Suddenlyhewasmorereservedandquiet,andhepreferredtobealone,ratherthanspendtimewithfriends.Accordingtoshropshire.gov,Thesechangesremainedpermanentfortheremainderofhislifeashebecameincrediblysecludedfromhisfamily,losttheabilitytohavefriendships,andnevermarried.Heappearedtobeanunpleasantmanashewasaharshcriticofotherpoets'works;infact,hewasconsideredtobebothruthlessandmercilessinhiscriticism.Onecantellthatthewayinwhichhispoemswerewrittenwereadirectreflectionofwhatkindofapersonhewas.Mostofhispoemswereeitherdarkorsad,withsomeirony,aswellasagreatdealofintimatefeelings.It'sbelievedthatbecausehehadnofriends,spouse,orfamilytotalktothattheonlywayforhimtoexpresshisfeelingsatallwastowriteaboutthemthroughhispoems.Thispoem,"ToanAthleteDyingYoung"fallsundermostofthesecategoriesasithasagooddealofsadnessandironytoit.Undoubtedly,thechangeinHousman'scharacterandpersonalitywaswhatcausedhispoemstobesoexquisite,whichiswhyheandtheyarestillfamousandknowntothisday.Inmyopinion,thisisanabsolutelyperfectpoemtouseasanexampleofHousman'spersonalityshowingupinhiswork.Inthepoem,Housmanbeginsbytalkingaboutarunnerwhowonarace,inwhichhewasrepresentinghistown.Hethengoesontoelaborateaboutthecelebrationthatensued.TheimagethatHousmangivesthereaderisthetownspeopleallcelebratingoverthisgreatvictory,andcarryingthisyoungrunnerontheirshouldersincelebration.Therehavebeencountlesstimesinthecourseofthehistoryofathleticswheresportsheroeswhohavejustwonagameorcompetitionarecarriedontheshouldersoftwootherpeople.Thisisquiteimportant,astheauthorwillmakeasimilarreferencelaterinthepoem.Theauthormakesclearthatthiswasapastevent,asheisjustrememberingit.Thereadergetstheimpressionthatthereisagreatdealofpeoplestandingandcheeringforthisathlete,perhapseventhemajorityofthissmalltown.Itwouldbeagreatmoment,tohavethewinnerandthespectatorsallcheeringwildlyinthetown'scenter.

Thenarratorbeginsthesecondstanzabychangingthetensetothepresent.Thisconcludesthefondmemoryoftheracethatwaswonbytheyoungathlete.Thenarratoragainsaysmakesreferencetothefactthattherunnerisbeingcarried"shoulder-high".Thistimehowever,thereisnocelebration;instead,thereisafuneral.Thedeceasedisthesamerunnerthatonetherace,andasthenarratorputsit,heisbeingbroughthome.Thetownandthetownspeoplearenolongercelebrating;they'renotdoinganythingevenclose.Instead,they'reinmourningofthepassingofthisgreatstar.Insomefunerals,thecasketiscarriedonpeople'sshoulders.ThisistheironythatHousmanusesanditisquiteinterestingconsideringthedramaticmoodchangesthateveryoneexperiencesbetweenthetwotimeswhentherunnerwascarriedonshoulders.Housmanusesironyinmanyofhispoems;itisbelievedthatthisisbecausehehadsuchadarkandsecludedlife.Normally,whenheusesirony,itistoexpresssomethingthatisrathersadordisturbing,thisisboth.

Inthenextstanza,thenarratorreferstotherunneras"smart",whichisinterestingconsideringheisdead.Butwhentheobservationisreflectedupon,itbecomesquitecleartothereaderwhatHousmanisintendingtosay.Thereareplentyoftimesinathleticswhereanathletewillachieveagreatdealofgloryandfame,butthenthatgloryandfamediesofflongbeforetheathletedoes.Thedifferencehereisthatbecausethisyoungathletediedyoung,heneverhastogiveupthatglory.Thenarratorusesthemetaphorofarosewitheringtoexpresshismessagethatglorydoesn'tlast,usually.Thisisaterrificexampleofhowsomethingcanbesogreatandbeautiful,andthenprettysoon,itsdeadandgone,forgotten.

Thefourthstanzaisnoteasytounderstandandinterpretasthenarratormakesacomplexpoint.Hestartsoffbyfurtherelaboratingtothereaderthefactthattherunnerisdeadandthathehasclosedhiseyesforthefinaltime.Then,hetellsthereaderthattherunnerwillneverhavetolivetoseethedaywherehisrecordisbeatenorbrokenintherace.Therewillnevercomeadaywhenhewillfeelasthoughhe'sbeenbeatenandhisaccomplishmentshaverelinquished.Hewasluckytoacertainextentinthesensethathegetstodieachampion,hegetstogooutahero.Housmanthenmakesanotherreferencetothechangeofmoodsbetweenthedayoftheraceandthedayofthefeeling.Heexclaimsthatcheeringturnsintoutterandcompletesilenceaspeoplepaytheirrespectstothehonoreddead.Asthenextstanzaelaboratesevenfurther,everyathletegetstoapointwherehisglorydaysarelongbehindhimandhenolongerfeelslikeroyalty.Thenarratorexplainshowtherunnerwillneverhavetobelikesomanyotherathletesthatseeminglyfadedaway,thatworeouttheirhonorintheeyesofthepublicandthosewhocheeredthemtovictory.Thenextpointthattheauthormakesisquiteinterestingandsomethingthatonemightnotthinkaboutordinarilyeventhoughithappensallthetime.Andthatisthatanathlete'sfame,glory,andnamerecognitionwillbeatitspeakjustaftertheathletehasachievedhisorherathleticsuccess.Buttherewillcomeatimewhenallofthatisgone,whenmostpeopledon'tknowwhothatathleteis.AterrificexampleincurrentdaycultureisMarkSpitz.Hewasaswimmerthatwonsevengoldmedalsinthe1972Olympics.Ifaskedtoday,morepeoplethannotprobablywouldn'tknowwhoMarkSpitzisorwhatheaccomplished,eventhoughheisstillalive.Thisisaclassiccaseofanathlete'snamedyingbeforeheorshedoes.Therunnerinthepoemneverhadthishappentohimashediedwhenhewasstillatthepeakofhisgloryandfame.Hewasmostlikelystillbeingpraiseduptothedayhedied,andfarafterthat.

Inthebeginningofthenextstanza,thenarratoronceagaintellstherunnerthatit'satleastsomewhatgoodtodieandendhislifebeforethememoryofhisvictoryisforgotten.Heusesthemetaphorofstanding