美国文学史发展概况老师给地复习提纲.docx
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美国文学史发展概况老师给地复习提纲
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美国文学史复习提纲
一、殖民主义时期的文学(TheLiteratureofColonial
th.c
17America)
一、时期综述,narratives日记1、清教徒采用的文学体裁:
①journals
②游记2、清教徒在美国的写作内容:
1)abouttheirvoyagetothenewland
2)aboutadaptingthemselvestounfamiliarclimates
andcrops
3)aboutdealingwithIndians
4)Guidetothenewland,endlessbounty,invitation
toboldspirit
3、清教徒的思想:
1)Puritanswantedtomakepuretheirreligiousbeliefsand
practices净化信仰和行为方式
2)Puritanswishedtorestoresimplicitytochurchservicesandtheauthorityofthe重建教堂,提供Bibletotheology.
简单服务,建立神圣地位
3)PuritanslookeduponthemselvesasapeoplechosenbyGod,anditfollowedlogicallythatanyonewho
challenged
theirwayoflifewasopposingGod'swillandwasnottobeaccepted.认为自己是上帝选民,对他们的生活有异议就是反
对上帝
4)Puritanoppositiontopleasureandtheartssometimeshasbeenexaggerated.反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐
的地步
5)PuritanreligiousteachingtendedtoemphasizetheimageofawrathfulGodandtoforgethismercy.强调上帝严厉的
一面,忽视上帝仁慈的一面。
4、典型的清教徒:
JohnCotton约翰·科登,RogerWilliam罗杰·威廉姆斯
他们的不同:
JohnCottonwasmuchmoreconcernedwithauthoritythanwithdemocracy;
WilliambeginsthehistoryofreligioustolerationinAmerica.
5、William的宗教观点:
Tolerationdidnotstemfromalackofreligiousconvictions.Instead,itsprang
fromtheidea
thatsimplytobevirtuousinconductanddevoutinbeliefdidnotgiveanyonetherighttoforcebeliefon
others.He
alsofeltthatnopoliticalorderorchurchsystemcouldidentifyitselfdirectlywithGod.行为上的德,信仰上的诚,并
没有给任何人强迫别人该如何行事的权利。
没有任何政治秩序和教会体制能够直接体现神本身的意旨。
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6、英国最早移民到美国的诗人:
AnneBradstreet安妮·布雷兹特里特(女)sincerebeliefinGod
7、在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人:
thebestofthePuritanpoetswasEdwardTaylor爱德华·泰勒(1642-1729)
8、CaptainJohnSmith,hisreportsofexplorationhasbeenregardedasthefirstdistinctlyAmerican
literature.
1
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学习指南:
1、CouldyougivemeadescriptionofAmericanPuritans?
(关于美国清教徒的描绘)
LiketheirbrothersbackinEngland,wereidealists,believingthatthechurchshouldberestored
tothepurityofthefirst-centurychurchasestablishedbyJesusChristhimself.Tothem
religionwasamatterofprimaryimportance.Theymadeittheirchiefbusinesstoseethatman
livedandthoughtandactedinawaywhichtendedtothegloryofGod.Theyacceptedthedoctrine
ofpredestination,originalsinandtotaldepravity,andlimitedatonementthroughaspecial
infusionofgracefromGod,allthatJohnCalvin,thegreatFrenchtheologianwholivedinGeneva
hadpreached.Itwasthiskindofreligiousbeliefthattheybroughtwiththemintothewildness.
TheretheymeanttoprovethatwereGod'schosenpeopleenjoyinghisblessingsonthisearthasin
Heaven.
2、Hardwork,thrift,pietyandsobrietywerethePuritanvaluesthatdominatedmuchoftheearliest
Americanwriting.
3、Theworkoftwowriters,AnneBradstreet&EdwardTaylor,rosetothelevelofrealpoetry.
4、TheearliestsettlersincludedDutch,Swedes,Germans,French,Spaniards,Italian,andPortuguese.
(TheLiteratureofReasonand
thRevolution)18.c二、理性和革命时期文学
一、美国的性质:
ThewarforendedintheformationofaFederativebourgeoisdemocraticrepublic-States
IndependencetheUnitedof
America.最终以联邦的资产阶级民主共和国--美利坚合众国的建立而宣布结束。
二、代表作家:
1、BenjaminFranklin本杰明·富兰克林1706-1790
1)PoorRichard'sAlmanac《穷查理历书》,anannualcollectionofproverbs流行谚语集
Itsoonbecamethemostpopularbookofitskind,largelybecauseofFranklin'sshrewdhumor,andfirst
spreadhis
reputation
2)FoundedtheJunto,aclubforinformaldiscussionofscientific,economicandpoliticalideas.建立了一个秘密俱乐
部,讨论的主题是科学、经济和政治等时事方面的问题
3)establishedAmerica'sfirstcirculatinglibrary,foundedthecollege--UniversityofPennsylvania.建立了美国第一个可
租借图书的图书馆,还创办了一所大学——就是现在的宾夕法尼亚大学的前身。
4)firstappliedthetermspositiveand
egativetoelectricalcharges.
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5)AsarepresentativeoftheColonies,hetriedinvaintocounseltheBritishtowardpoliciesthatwould
letAmerica
growandflourishinassociationwithEngland.HeconductedthedifficultynegotiationswithFrancethat
brought
financialandmilitarysupportforAmericainthewar.作为殖民地的代表,他不断建议英国改变政策,使美国可以和英
国一起发展、繁荣。
他说服法国支持美国的独立战争。
6)Asanauthorhehadpowerofexpression,simplicity,asubtlehumor,sarcastic.作为作家具有非凡的表达能力,文笔
简洁,内蕴幽默,且擅讽刺。
”《致富之道》“的简明总结TheWaytoWealth)7《致》是《自》
2
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《自》是《致》的详细注脚“TheAutobiography
”《自传》,18世纪美国唯一流传至今的自传
最平凡的人1737-1809GreatCommonerofMankind2、ThomasPaine托马斯·佩因
itboldlyadvocateda著名的政治小册子《常识》1)famouspamphletCommonSense
DeclarationforIndependence,
andbroughttheseparatistagitationtoacrisis.拥护独立