信管专业英语复习资料doc.docx

信管专业英语复习资料doc.docx

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信管专业英语复习资料doc

Unitl

一、TextA

1、Informationtheory,orcommunicationtheory,isamathematicaltheoiyformulatedprincipallybytheAmericanscientistClaudeE.Shannontoexplainaspectsandproblemsofinformationandcommunication.翻译：

信息论，或者叫做“通信论”，是可以使用公式来表示的数学理论。

它由美国科学家克劳徳・E•香农建立，以便解释信息和通信的各个方面及各种问题。

2、Animportanttheoremofinformationtheorystatesthatifasourcewithagivenentropyfeedsinformationtoachannelwithagivencapacity,andifthesourceentropyislessthanthechannelcapacity,acodeexistsforwhichthefrequencyoferrorsmaybereducedaslowasdesired.翻译：

信息论中i个重要的定理指出，一个具有给定爛的源将信息通过给定容量的信道进行传输吋，如果信息的平均量小于信道的容量，就存在i个编码方案，该方案尽可能降低误差频率。

3、Thegreatertheinformationinmessageis,theloweritsrandomness,or“noisiness：

andhencethesmalleritsentropy.

4、Ingeneral.itisnecessarytoprocess,orencode,informationfromasourcebeforetransmittingitthroughagivenchannel.

5、Itisameasureofthefreedomofchoicewithwhichamessageisselectedfromthesetofallpossiblemessages・

6%Forexample,ifamessagespecifiesoneofsixteenequallylikelychoices,itissaidtocontainfourbitsofinformation.

7>However,redundancyinamessage,asdistinguishedfromredundancyinasource,makesitmorelikelythatthemessagecanbereconstructedatthereceiverwithouterror.

二、TextB

1、Theyassignandreviewtheworkoftheirsubordinatesandstayabreastofthelatesttechnologytoensuretheorganizationdoesnotlagbehindcompetitors.他们安排、检查卜属的丁作，紧跟最新技术來确保组织不落厉于其他竞争者。

2、WiththeexplosivegrowthofelectroniccommerceandthecapacityoftheInternettocreatenewrelationshipswithcustomers,theroleofcomputerandinformationsystemsmanagerswillcontinuetoevolve.随着电子贸易和因特网创造与顾客的新关系的能力的爆炸性增长，计算机信息系统管理者的角色继续发展。

3、OpportunitiesforthosewhowishtobecomecomputerandinformationsystemsmanagersshouldbecloselyrelatedtothegrowthoftheoccupationstheysuperviseandtheindustriesinWhichtheyarefound.机会对于那些人，想成为计算机信息系统管理者，应该紧密的关注那些他们所监管的职业和他们发现的行业的发展。

4、Theyareresponsiblefordemonstratingtoacompanyhowinformationtechnologycanbeusedasacompetitivetoolthatnotonlycutscosts,butalsoincreasesrevenueandmaintainsorincreasescompetitiveadvantage・（

5%Theyhelpdeterminebothtechnicalandbusinessgoalsinconsultationwithtopmanagementandmakedetailedplansfortheaccomplishmentofthesegoals.

6>Theyanalyzethecomputerandinformationneedsoftheirorganizationsfromanoperationalandstrategicperspectiveanddetermineimmediateandlong-rangepersonnelandequipmentrequirements.P8P3L6

7、Thechieftechnologyofficer,whooftenreportstotheorganization^chiefinformationofficer,managesandplanstechnicalstandardsandtendstothedailyinformationtechnologyissuesofthefirm.P8P4L3

Unit2

—、TextA

1.Bywayofcontrast,theseelementswerefarmorefrequentlyrequiredofMISDirectors,thepreviousgenemtionofITleaders・

2.CIOs（ha（don^tmakeastrongeffort,ordon'thavethecapacitytodevelopanin-dethknowledgeoftheindustryservedandthecompany'sbusinessstrategy,operatingmodel,valueproposition,marketpositionandcompetition,aredoomedtofailsincetheyareinherentlylimitedinthevalue（hattheycanaddtotheorganization^progressandwellbeing.（P18,LI）

3.Ascompaniesfromallcornersoftheworkseektoserveintemationaloutlets,andcross-borderacquisitionsbecomemorecommonandcreatelargerglobalcorporations,itisfrequentlyexpectedthatatopCIOpossessesanappreciationofforeignculturesandanunderstandingofdoingbusinessinforeignmarkets..（page19>LIO）

4・Specificfactsoftechnologysuchas（ERP...etc.）,comeupfrequentlybutareoftendowngradedto'preferred1status,（page17,L14）

5.EvenlesscommonlyrequiredisexperiencewithspecificapplicationsoftwarepackagessuchasSAP（themostrequested）,oranyparticularoperatingsoftwareplatformsuchasUNIX,andalmostneveranyspecificbrandofhardware.P17P3L4

6.OccasionallyaclientwillspecificallyrequestthataCIOcandidatesearchbefilledfromanotherindustryinanefforttoimportnewideasandthinkingfromamoreprogressivesectoroftheeconomyP19P9L5

二、TextB

LDon'tlistentothelittlevoicetellingyouthatthemajorityofyourtimeshouldbespentwithyourcustomersandthefrontlineofthebusiness.（P27，L4）

2.Ignorethefactthatthereisapracticallimitonthenumberofinvestmentsthatcanbewellmanagedandtheamountofchangeabusinesscanabsorb.（P27,L19）

3.CIOshavetakenaleadershiproleinreengineeringtheirorganizations'businessprocessesandtheunderpinningITinfrastructurestoachievemoreproductive,efficientandvaluableuseofinformationwithintheenterprises.（page26LIO）

4.WhilethespecifictitleCIOisgenerallyaclearindicationofanITexecutive'sseniorrankandstrategicinfluence,manyexecutiveswiththetitleVPordirectorofinformationtechnologysystemsorservicesholdcomparablepositions・（page26、L16）

5・Withknowledgeofbothtechnologyandbusinessprocessandacross-functionalperspective,theyareusuallythemanagersmostcapableofaligningtheorganization^technologydeploymentstrategywithitsbusinessstrategyP26P1L3

6・Assumethatawillingnesstopaycorrespondstoavaluepropositionandthatyouwillnotbeheldaccountableforunrealizedvalueandsoaringoperationalcosts.P27P8L1

Unit3

一>TextA

1>Page35,Paragraph4

Yetanotherview,quiteapartfromthetraditionalview,assertsthatthejobofmanagementistosupportemployee'seffortstobefullyproductivemembersoftheorganizationsandcitizensofthecommunity还有一种观点和传统的观点不同，它主张管理工作就是支持员工，成为组织屮最具生产力的成员和团体公民。

2>Page36,Paragraph2

Withrecentfocusontheneedfortransformationalleadershiptoguideorganizationthroughsuccessfulchange,theterm"leadership"hasalsobeenusedtorefertothosewhoembracechangeandleadthechangeoforganizationsforthebettermentofallstakeholders•为了通过成功转变來指导组织，最近需要关注领导方式的转变，因此，“领导”这一术语也可以指那些为了全体股东的利益，接受变化并领导组织变化的人。

3、Page37,Paragraph2

Manyalsousetheterm"supervisor”todesignatethemanagerialpositionthatisresponsibleforamajorfunctionintheorganization,forexample,SupervisorofCustomersService.：

许多人也用术语“主管”來表明-个管理的职位，该职位负责组织中的主要职能，例如，客服服务主管。

4、Page37,Paragraph3

Overtime,theydevelopskillsindelegation,whichfreesthemupfromhavingtocloselymonitortheworkoftheirsubordinatesand,instead,toattendtomorehigh-levelmanagerialactivities.：

经过一-段时间，他们学会了授权，就不必密切监管下级的工作了，而是参加更高级别的管理活动。

5xPerhapsoneofthebestwaystogetasenseaboutthepracticesofmanagementistoexaminekeytermsinmanagement.（P34，L1）

6^Theysetdirectionbydevelopingaclearvisionandmission,andconductingplanningthatdeterminesthegoalsneededtoachievethevisionandmission.（P37,L28）

7>Manyalsousetheterm"supervisor^todesignatethemanagerialpositionthatisresponsibleforamajorfunctionintheorganization,forexample,supervisorofcustomerservice.（paral8J2）

8、Theysetdirection（bydevelopingaclearvisionandmission,）andconductingplanning（thatdeterminesthegoalsneededtoachievethevisionandmission）.（para21,12）

二、TextB

1、Page42,Paragraph1

Theperformanceofmanagerialrolesandtherequirementsoftheserolescanbeplayedatdifferenttimesbythesamemanagerandtodifferentdegreesdependingonthelevelandfunctionofmanagement.管理者的角色及对这些角色的要求能够在不同时期被同一管理人员扮演，鉴于管理者的水平和功能，也能够达到不同的层次。

Or:

同-•个管理者会执行不同的管理角色，而这些管理角色们的要求也会根据不同时期而不同，至于不同的要求则取决于管理的等级和职责。

2、Page43,Paragraph2

Thetop-levelmanagerreceivesandtransmitsmoreinformationfrompeopleoutsidetheorganizationthanthesupervisor.顶层管理人员从组织外获取并传播信息时比普通管理者史胜一筹。

3、Page44,Paragraph2

Managerscreateandmaintainaninternalenvironment,commonlycalledtheorganization,sothatotherscanworkefficientlyinit.管理者创造并维护着内部的环境通常所说的“组织”,

因此其他人能在其中有效地工作。

4、Page44,Paragraph4

Asthepaceofchangeacceleratesanddiversetechnologiesconverge,newglobalindustriesarebeingcreated.随着改革的步伐加快和各种技术的整合，新的全球化领域正在形成。

5>Thejobofeverymanagerinvolveswhatisknownasthefunctionofmanagement:

planning,organizing,directing,andcontrolling.（P44,L7）

Unit4

一、TextA

LItisthepersonalandsocialrelationshipsthatarisespontaneouslyaspeopleassociatewithoneanotherintheworkenvironment.（51页P2.L2）翻译：

由于人们在丁•作环境中彼此交流,这样就自然产生了人际和社会关系O

2.Theinformalorganizationcanpressuregroupmemberstoconformtotheexpectationsoftheinformgroupthatconflictwiththoseoftheformalorganization.（51页P2.L4）翻译：

非正式组织可以迫使其团体成员服从非正式团体的意愿，这些意愿与正式组织的意愿相冲突。

3・Bureaucraciesaredrivenbyatop-downorcommandandcontrolapproachinwhichmanagersprovideconsiderabledirectionandhaveconsiderablecontroloverothers.（52页P4.L9）翻译：

官僚组织H上而下驱动，或者由命令和控制方法驱动。

在这个方法屮，管理者下了大量启示，并进行许多控制。

4.Contingencyorganizationmeansthatthemostappropriateorganizationstructureforeachsituationdependsupontechnology,organizationalsize,goalsandstrategy,environmentalstability,andcharacteristicsoftheemployees.（52页P8.L1）翻译：

不确定性纟H.织系指，在各种情况卜最合适的组织结构取决于技术，组织规模，目标和战略，环境稳定性及员工的特点。

5.（paragraph2line2）Itisthepersonalandsocialrelationshipsthatarisespontaneouslyaspeopleassociatewithoneanotherintheworkenvironment・

6.（paragraph4line5）AccordingtoMaxWeber,bureaucracyisaformoforganizationcharacterizedbyarationahgoal-directedhierarchy,impersonaldecision-making,formalcontrols,andsubdivisionintomanagerialpositionsandspecializationoflabor.

7.Akeyissueinaccomplishingthegoalsidentifiedintheplanningprocessisstructuringtheworkoftheorganization.（para1・L1）

8.Onewidelyusedclassificationisthetwofoldsystem（mechanisticversuso