信管专业英语复习资料doc.docx

1、信管专业英语复习资料docUnitl一、 Text A1、 Information theory, or communication theory, is a mathematical theoiy formulated principally by the American scientist Claude E.Shannon to explain aspects and problems of information and communication.翻译：信息论，或者叫做“通信论”，是可以使用公式来表示的数学理论。 它由美国科学家克劳徳E 香农建立，以便解释信息和通信的各个方面及各种问

2、题。2、 An important theorem of information theory states that if a source with a given entropy feeds information to a channel with a given capacity , and if the source entropy is less than the channel capacity , a code exists for which the frequency of errors may be reduced as low as desired.翻 译：信息论中i

3、个重要的定理指出，一个具有给定爛的源将信息通过给定容量的信道进行传 输吋，如果信息的平均量小于信道的容量，就存在i个编码方案，该方案尽可能降低误差频 率。3、 The greater the information in message is, the lower its randomness, or “noisiness： and hence the smaller its entropy.4、 In general .it is necessary to process ,or encode, information from a source before transmitting it

4、 through a given channel.5、 It is a measure of the freedom of choice with which a message is selected from the set of all possible messages 6% For example, if a message specifies one of sixteen equally likely choices, it is said to contain four bits of information.7 However, redundancy in a message,

5、 as distinguished from redundancy in a source, makes it more likely that the message can be reconstructed at the receiver without error.二、 Text B1、 They assign and review the work of their subordinates and stay abreast of the latest technology to ensure the organization does not lag behind competito

6、rs.他们安排、检查卜属的丁作，紧跟最 新技术來确保组织不落厉于其他竞争者。2、 With the explosive growth of electronic commerce and the capacity of the Internet to create new relationships with customers, the role of computer and information systems managers will continue to evolve.随着电子贸易和因特网创造与顾客的新关系的能力的爆炸性增长，计算 机信息系统管理者的角色继续发展。3、 Oppo

7、rtunities for those who wish to become computer and information systems managers should be closely related to the growth of the occupations they supervise and the industries in Which they are found.机会对于那些人，想成为计算机信息系统管理者，应该紧密的关注那 些他们所监管的职业和他们发现的行业的发展。4、 They are resp on sible for demonstrating to a c

8、ompany how in formation technology can be used as a competitive tool that not only cuts costs, but also increases revenue and maintains or increases competitive advantage(5% They help determine both technical and business goals in consultation with top management and make detailed plans for the acco

9、mplishment of these goals.6 They analyze the computer and information needs of their organizations from an operational and strategic perspective and determine immediate and long-range personnel and equipment requirements.P8P3L67、The chief technology officer, who often reports to the organization chi

10、ef information officer, manages and plans technical standards and tends to the daily information technology issues of the firm.P8P4L3Unit2、Text A1.By way of contrast, these elements were far more frequently required of MIS Directors, the previous genemtion of IT leaders2.CIOs (ha( dont make a strong

11、 effort, or dont have the capacity to develop an in-deth knowledge of the industry served and the companys business strategy, operating model, value proposition , market position and competition, are doomed to fail since they are inherently limited in the value (hat they can add to the organization

12、progress and well being.(P18,LI)3.As companies from all corners of the work seek to serve intemational outlets, and cross-border acquisitions become more common and create larger global corporations, it is frequently expected that a top CIO possesses an appreciation of foreign cultures and an unders

13、tanding of doing business in foreign markets.(page 19 LIO)4 Specific facts of technology such as (ERP.etc.), come up frequently but are often downgraded to preferred1 status, (page 17,L14)5.Even less commonly required is experience with specific application software packages such as SAP( the most re

14、quested ), or any particular operating software platform such as UNIX, and almost never any specific brand of hardware.P 17P3L46.Occasionally a client will specifically request that a CIO candidate search be filled from another industry in an effort to import new ideas and thinking from a more progr

15、essive sector of the economyP 19P9L5二、Text BL Dont listen to the little voice telling you that the majority of your time should be spent with your customers and the front line of the business. (P27，L4)2.Ignore the fact that there is a practical limit on the number of investments that can be well man

16、aged and the amount of change a business can absorb.(P27,L19)3.CIOs have taken a leadership role in reengineering their organizations business processes and the underpinning IT infrastructures to achieve more productive, efficient and valuable use of information within the enterprises. (page 26LIO)4

17、.While the specific title CIO is generally a clear indication of an IT executives senior rank and strategic influence, many executives with the title VP or director of information technology systems or services hold comparable positions(page 26、 L16)5With knowledge of both technology and business pr

18、ocess and a cross-functional perspective, they are usually the managers most capable of aligning the organization technology deployment strategy with its business strategyP26P 1L36 Assume that a willingness to pay corresponds to a value proposition and that you will not be held accountable for unrea

19、lized value and soaring operational costs.P27P8L1Unit3一 Text A1 Page 35,Paragraph 4Yet another view, quite apart from the traditional view, asserts that the job of management is to support employees efforts to be fully productive members of the organizations and citizens of the community还有一种观点和传统的观点

20、不同，它主张管理工作就是支持员工，成为组织屮最 具生产力的成员和团体公民。2 Page 36,Paragraph 2With recent focus on the need for transformational leadership to guide organization through successful change, the term leadership has also been used to refer to those who embrace change and lead the change of organizations for the betterment

21、 of all stakeholders为了通过成功 转变來指导组织，最近需要关注领导方式的转变，因此，“领导”这一术语也可以指那些为 了全体股东的利益，接受变化并领导组织变化的人。3、 Page 37,Paragraph 2Many also use the term supervisor” to designate the managerial position that is responsible for a major function in the organization, for example, Supervisor of Customers Service.：许多人也 用术

22、语“主管”來表明-个管理的职位，该职位负责组织中的主要职能，例如，客服服务主 管。4、 Page 37,Paragraph 3Over time, they develop skills in delegation, which frees them up from having to closely monitor the work of their subordinates and , instead, to attend to more high-level managerial activities.：经过一-段时间，他们学会了授权，就不必密切监管下级的工作了，而是参加更高 级别的管理

23、活动。5x Perhaps one of the best ways to get a sense about the practices of management is to examine key terms in management. (P34，L1)6 They set direction by developing a clear vision and mission ,and conducting planning that determines the goals needed to achieve the vision and mission.(P37,L28)7 Many

24、 also use the term supervisor to designate the managerial position that is responsible for a major function in the organization, for example, supervisor of customer service.(paral8J2)8、They set direction (by developing a clear vision and mission,) and conducting planning (that determines the goals n

25、eeded to achieve the vision and mission).(para21,12)二、Text B1、 Page 42,Paragraph 1The performance of managerial roles and the requirements of these roles can be played at different times by the same manager and to different degrees depending on the level and function of management.管理者的角色及对这些角色的要求能够在

26、不同时期被同一管理人员扮演，鉴 于管理者的水平和功能，也能够达到不同的层次。Or:同-个管理者会执行不同的管理角色，而这些管理角色们的要求也会根据不同时期而不 同，至于不同的要求则取决于管理的等级和职责。2、 Page 43,Paragraph 2The top-level manager receives and transmits more information from people outside the organization than the supervisor.顶层管理人员从组织外获取并传播信息时比普通管理者史胜 一筹。3、 Page 44,Paragraph 2Manag

27、ers create and maintain an internal environment, commonly called the organization, so that others can work efficiently in it.管理者创造并维护着内部的环境 通常所说的“组织”,因此其他人能在其中有效地工作。4、 Page 44,Paragraph 4As the pace of change accelerates and diverse technologies converge, new global industries are being created.随着改革

28、的步伐加快和各种技术的整合，新的全球化领域正在形成。5 The job of every manager involves what is known as the function of management : planning, organizing, directing, and controlling.(P44,L7)Unit 4一、 Text AL It is the personal and social relationships that arise spontaneously as people associate with one another in the work

29、environment. (51页P2.L2)翻译：由于人们在丁作环境中彼此交流,这 样就自然产生了人际和社会关系O2.The informal organization can pressure group members to conform to the expectations of the inform group that conflict with those of the formal organization. (51 页 P2.L4)翻译：非正式组织 可以迫使其团体成员服从非正式团体的意愿，这些意愿与正式组织的意愿相冲突。3 Bureaucracies are driven

30、 by a top-down or command and control approach in which managers provide considerable direction and have considerable control over others. (52 页 P4.L9) 翻译： 官 僚组织H上而下驱动，或者由命令和控制方法驱动。在这个方法屮，管理者下了大量启示， 并进行许多控制。4.Contingency organization means that the most appropriate organization structure for each si

31、tuation depends upon technology, organizational size, goals and strategy, environmental stability, and characteristics of the employees. (52页P8.L1)翻译：不确定性纟H.织系指，在各种情况卜最 合适的组织结构取决于技术，组织规模，目标和战略，环境稳定性及员工的特点。5.(paragraph 2 line 2) It is the personal and social relationships that arise spontaneously as

32、people associate with one another in the work environment6.(paragraph 4 line 5) According to Max Weber, bureaucracy is a form of organization characterized by a rationah goal-directed hierarchy, impersonal decision-making, formal controls, and subdivision into managerial positions and specialization of labor.7.A key issue in accomplishing the goals identified in the planning process is structuring the work of the organization. (para 1 L1)8.One widely used classification is the twofold system (mechanistic versus o