机械制造专业外文翻译机械设计理论.docx

机械制造专业外文翻译机械设计理论.docx

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机械制造专业外文翻译机械设计理论

外文原文：

Mechanicaldesigntheory

Themechanicaldesignisaapplicationtechnicalsciencethroughdesignthenewproductorimprovestheoldproducttomeetthehumanneed.Itinvolvesalldomainoftheprojecttechnology,mainlyresearchsizeoftheproduct,basicideaoftheshapeandthedetailedstructure,alsoresearchquestionofmanufacture,saleanduseoftheproductinallaspects.

Theyusuallycalleddesignerormechanicaldesignengineerwhocarriesoneachkindofmechanicaldesignwork.Themechanicaldesignisacreativework.Designengineernotonlyhavethecreativityinthework,butalsohavethedeepelementaryknowledgeonmechanicaldrawing,kinematics,engineeringmaterial,materialsmechanicsandmachinemanufacturetechnology.

Assaysabove,thegoalofmechanicaldesignistheproductioncanmeetthehumanneed.Theinvention,thediscoveryandtechnicalknowledgeitselfcertainlynotnecessarilycanbringtheadvantagetothehumanity,onlywhentheyareappliedontheproductcanproducethebenefit.Thus,weshouldrealizewhetherpeopledoneedthiskindofproductbeforecarryonthedesigninaspecificproduct.

Themechanicaldesignmustregardasagoodopportunityforthemechanicaldesignertousecreativeabilitycarriesonproductdesign,thesystematicanalysisandformulatemanufacturetechnologyoftheproduct.Graspingtheprojectelementaryknowledgeismoreimportantthanmemorizingsomedataandtheformula.Merelyusingthedataandtheformulaisinsufficienttocompletelydecidealldecisioninagooddesign.Ontheotherhand,theyshouldcarryonalloperationsprecisely.Forexample,evenifplaceadecimalpointinwrongposition,alsocanturnthecorrectdesigntowrong.

Newdesignscanhavemanyflawsandproblemsunexpected,onlytheseflawsandthequestionhavebeensolved,cannewproduct’ssuperioritybemanifested.Therefore,asuperiorproductbornfollowedahigherriskatthesametime.Whatshouldemphasizeisthatifdesignsitselfdoesnotrequesttousethebrand-newmethod,itisnotnecessarytousethenewmethodmerelyforthegoalfortransformation.

Inthepreliminarystageofdesign,shouldallowdesignerfullytodisplaythecreativity,notrestrainttoeachkindofrestraint.Evenifhavemanyimpracticalideasinearlytime,theycanalsobecorrectedbeforeplanblueprint.Onlyinthiswaycannotstoptheinnovation.Usually,mustproposeseveralsetsofdesignproposals,andthenperformthecomparison.Itispossiblethatsomeideashavebeenusedinthefinalplanwhichisnotacceptedbefore.

Thepsychologistfrequentlydiscussesthecausesofhowcouldpeopleadapttomachinewhichoperate.Adesigner’spersonnel'sbasicresponsibilityisdiligentlycausesthemachinetoadaptthepeople.Thiscertainlyisnotaneasywork,becausethemostsuperioroperatingareaandtheoperatingprocesstoalldonotexistinfact.

Anotherimportantquestion,projectengineermustbeabletocarryontheexchangetheconsultationwithotherconcernedpersonnel.Intheinitialstage,designerhastoexchangewithadministratoronthepreliminarydesign,andbeapproved.Thisisgenerallythroughtheoraldiscussion,withschematicdiagramandthewritingmaterial.Inordertocarryontheeffectiveexchange,needstosolvethefollowingproblem:

（1）Whetherproductdesignedistrulyneededforthepeople?

（2）Whetherthisproducthascompetitiveabilitycomparewithothercompany’sexistingsimilarproducts?

（3）Whetherthiskindofproductiseconomical?

（4）Whetherthisproduct’sserviceconvenient?

（5）Whetherthisproductsalewell?

Whethercangain?

Onlytimebeabletoproducethecorrectanswertoabovequestion.But,theproductdesign,themanufactureandthesaleonlycancontinueonfoundationoftheabovequestionpreliminaryanswered.Projectengineeralsoshouldconsulttogetherwiththebranchofmanufactureforthefinallydesignproposalthroughthedetaildrawingandtheassemblydrawing.

Usually,canhavesomeprobleminthemanufactureprocess.Possiblycanrequesttosomecomponentssizeorthecommondifferencemakessomechanges,causesthecomponentstheproductiontochangeeasily.But,intheprojectchangemusthavetopassthroughdesignsthepersonneltoauthorize,guaranteedcannotdamagetheproductthefunction.Sometimes,wheninfrontofproductassemblyorinthepackingforeignshipmentexperimentonlythendiscoversinthedesignsomekindofflaw.Theseinstancesexactlyshowedthedesignisadynamicprocess.Alwayshasabettermethodtocompletethedesignwork,designsthepersonneltobesupposedunceasinglydiligently,andseeksthisbettermethod.

Recentyear,theengineeringmaterialchoicealreadyappearedimportantly.Inaddition,thechoiceprocessshouldbetothematerialcontinuouslytheunceasingagainappraisalprocess.Thenewmaterialunceasinglyappears,butsomeoriginalmaterialscanobtainthequantitypossiblycanreduce.Theenvironmentalpollution,materialrecyclingaspectandsoonuse,worker'shealthandsecurityfrequentlycanattachthenewlimitingconditiontothechoiceofmaterial.Inordertoreducetheweightorsavestheenergy,possiblycanrequesttheusedifferentmaterial.Comesfromdomesticandinternationalcompetition,toproductservicemaintenanceconveniencerequestenhancementandcustomer'saspecttheandsoonfeedbackpressure,canurgethepeopletocarryontothematerialreappraises.Becausethematerialdoesnotselectwhencreatedtheproductresponsibilitylawsuit,hasalreadyhadtheprofoundinfluence.Inaddition,thematerialandbetweenthematerialprocessinginterdependenceisalreadyknownbythepeopleclearly.Therefore,inordertocanandguaranteesthequalityinthereasonablecostunderthepremisetoobtainsatisfactiontheresult,projectengineermakesengineersalltohaveearnestlycarefullytochoose,thedeterminationandtheusematerial.

Makesanyproductthefirststepofworkallisdesigns.Designsusuallymaydivideintoseveralexplicitstages:

（a）preliminarydesign;（b）functionaldesign;（c）productiondesign.Inthepreliminarydesignstage,thedesigneremphaticallyconsideredtheproductshouldhavefunction.Usuallymustconceiveandconsiderseveralplans,thendecidedthiskindofthoughtiswhetherfeasible;Ifisfeasible,thenshouldmakesthefurtherimprovementtoorseveralplans.Inthisstage,thequestionwhichonlymustconsideraboutthechoiceofmaterialis:

Whetherhastheperformancetoconformtotherequestmaterialtobepossibletosupplythechoice;Ifno,whetherhasabiggerassuranceallpermitsinthecostandthetimeinthelimitdevelopsonekindofnewmaterial.

Inthefunctionaldesignandtheengineeringdesignstage,needstomakeapracticalfeasibledesign.Mustdrawupthequitecompleteblueprintinthisstage,choosesanddetermineseachkindofcomponentsthematerial.Usuallymustmaketheprototypeortheworkingmodel,andcarriesontheexperimenttoit,theappraisalproductfunction,thereliability,theoutwardappearanceandtheservicemaintenanceandsoon.Althoughthiskindofexperimentpossiblycanindicate,entersintheproducttotheproductionbaseinfrontof,shouldreplacecertainmaterials,but,absolutelycannotthispointtakenotearnestlychoosesthematerialtheexcuse.Shouldunifytheproductthefunction,earnestlycarefullyconsiderstheproducttheoutwardappearance,thecostandthereliability.Hastheachievementverymuchthecompanywhenmanufactureallprototypes,selectsthematerialshouldthematerialwhichuseswithitsproductioninbesame,andusesthesimilarmanufacturetechnologyasfaraspossible.Likethishastheadvantageverymuchtothecompany.Thefunctioncompleteprototypeifcannotactaccordingtotheanticipatedsalesvolumeeconomicallytomake,orisprototypicalandtheofficialproductioninstallmenthasinthequalityandthereliableaspectisverygreatlydifferent,thenthiskindofprototypedoesnothavethegreatvalue.Projectengineerisbestcancompletelycompletethematerialinthisstagetheanalysis,thechoiceandthedeterminationwork,butisnotremainsittotheproductiondesignstagedoes.Because,iscarriesonintheproductiondesignstagematerialreplacementbyotherpeople,thesepeopleareinferiortoprojectengineertotheproductallfunctionsunderstanding.

Intheproductiondesignstage,isshouldcompletelydeterminewiththematerialrelatedmainquestionthematerial,causesthemtoadaptwiththeexistingequipment,canusetheexistingequipmenteconomicallytocarryontheprocessing,moreoverthematerialquantitycanquitebeeasytoguaranteethesupply.

Inthemanufactureprocess,inevitablycanappeartousesthematerialtomakesomechangesthesituation.Theexperienceindicatedthat,mayusecertaincheapmaterialstotakethesubstitute.However,inthemajoritysituation,inwillcarryontheproductionlatertochangethematerialtohaveintostartbeforetheproductiontochangethepricewhichthematerialwillspendtohavetobehigherthan.Completesthechoiceofmaterialworkinthedesignstage,mayavoidthemostsuchsituations.Startedaftertheproductionmanufacturetoappearhasbeenpossibletosupplytheusethenewmaterialisreplacesthematerialthemostcommonreason.Certainly,thesenewmaterialspossiblyreducethecost,theimprovementproductperformance.But,mustcarryontheearnestappraisaltothenewmaterial,guaranteesitsallperformancealltoanswerthepurpose.Mustrememberthat,thenewmaterialperformanceandthereliableveryfewpicturesmaterialsonhandsuchunderstoodforthepeople.Themajorityofproductsexpirationandtheproductaccidentcausedby