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自考英语阅读模考试题及答案
2012年自考英语阅读模考试题及答案
I.Vocabulary.(10points,1pointforeach)
Scanthefollowingpassageandfindthewordswhichhaveroughlythesamemeaningsasthosegivenbelow.Thenumberinthebracketaftereachworddefinitionreferstothenumberofparagraphinwhichthetargetwordis.WritethewordyouchooseontheANSWERSHEET.
Aboutthreehundredyearsago,therewereapproximatelyhalfabillionpeopleintheworld.Inthetwocenturiesthatfollowedthepopulationdoubled,and,by1850,thereweremorethanabillionpeopleintheworld.Ittookonly75yearsforthefiguretodoubleoncemore,sothatnowthepopulationfigurestandsatapproximatelysixandonehalfbillion.Eachdaythepopulationoftheworldincreasesbyabout150,000.
Informercenturiesthepopulationgrewslowly.Famines,wars,andepidemics,suchastheplagueandcholera,killedmanypeople.Today,althoughthebirthratehasnotchangedsignificantly,thedeathratehasbeenloweredconsiderablybyvariouskindsofprogress.
Machineryhasmadeitpossibletoproducemoreandmorefoodinvastareas,suchastheplainsofAmericaandRussia.Cropshaveincreasedalmosteverywhereandpeoplearegrowingmoreandmorefood.Newformsoffoodpreservationhavealsobeendevelopedsothatfoodneednotbeeatenassoonasithasgrown.Meat,fish,fruitandvegetablescanbedried,tinnedorfrozen,thenstoredforlateruse.
Improvementincommunicationsandtransportationhasmadeitpossibletosendmorefoodfromtheplacewhereitisproducedtootherplaceswhereitisneeded.Thishashelpedreducedthenumberoffamines.
Generallyspeaking,peopleliveinconditionsofgreatersecurity.Practicessuchastheslavetrade,whichcausedmanyuselessdeaths,havebeenstopped.
1.onehundredyears(Para.1)
2.symbolforanumber(Para.1)
3.anextremescarcityoffood(Para2)
4.anoutbreakofacontagiousdiseasethatspreadsrapidlyandwidely(Para.2)
5.importantly(Para.2)
6.much;agreatdeal(Para.2)
7.preparationoffoodtoresistdecay(Para.3)
8.toreserveorputawayforfutureuse(Para.3)
9.ameansorsystemofcarryingpassengersorgoodsfromoneplacetoanother(Para.4)
10.thestateofbeingsafe(Para.5)
II.ReadingComprehension.(50points,2pointsforeach)
Inthispartofthetest,therearefivepassages.Followingeachpassage,therearefivequestionswithfourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestanswerandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.
PassageOne
Q.There’salotoftalkaboutputtingupmannedorbitalstations.Whatdoesthismean,concretely?
A.Itisveryimportanttohavescientificstationsinspace.Aspacetelescopewithamirrorslightlyoversixandahalffeetindiameterwillbeplacedinorbit,andtherewillbemoreandmoreofthese.Afewyearsago,ourgroupatSaclay,incollaborationwithanumberofotherEuropeanLaboratories,orbitedatelescopethatrevolutionizedourknowledgeofgamma-rayemissionsbycelestialobjects.
Lifeaboardmannedspacestationswon’tbeasexcitingaswemightsuppose.Itwillprobablybecomparabletothelifepeopleleadaboarddeep-seaoilrigs.
Q.Whatscientificinterestwillthesestationsoffer?
A.Observationismuchmoreprecisebeyondtheatmosphere,becausetheskyisdarker.Youseemanymorestarsandobjectsthatareconcealedbytheearth’sluminescence.
Q.Whatobjects?
A.Weknowprettywellhowstarsarebornbecausewecanobservethem.Twoorthreenewstarsappearinourgalaxyeveryyear.Butnearlyallthegalaxieswerebornatthesametime,whentheuniversewasconstituted15billion(light)yearsago.Nonewonesarethoughttoexist.
Toobservethebirthofagalaxythathappenedsolongago,youhavetoseeaverylongway.Atpresentwecangoback10to12billionyears.Wehavetogoabitfartherbackstill,andmaybecatchthemintheactofbirth.Distantobjectsarenecessarilyverydim,soidealconditionsareneededtoobservethem.Orbitalstationsprovidesuchconditions.
Q.Wouldorbitalstationsbechoiceplacesfromwhichtotrytocommunicatewithextraterrestrialintelligences?
A.Notparticularlythroughradiocommunication,exceptoncertainwavelengthsthatareabsorbedbytheatmosphere.Butaspointsofdepartureforexplorationthey’llbeveryuseful.
Q.Howfarwouldsuchexplorationgo?
A.In1989thesatelliteVoyagerIIwillreachNeptuneafterajourneyofthreeandahalfyears.Inaddition,fiveprobesweresenttorendezvouswithHalley’scomet.Soexplorationofthesolarsystemismoreorlessunderway.We’veputpeopleonthemoon,sentprobestoMarsandVenus,loftedsatellitesnearthesun(withinafewtensofmillionsofmiles),andonesatelliteevenleftthesolarsystemafewyearsago.
Butvisitingthestarsissomethingelseagain.Lighttakesfouryearstoreachtheneareststars,soyoucanseethatitwouldtakeasatellitehundredsofthousandsofyears.
Ofcourse,iftheearthweretobecomeoverpopulated,wecanimaginesendingfamiliesinspacevesselstocolonizetheneareststars.Butit’stheirgreat-great-great-grandchildrenwhowouldfinallyreachthosestars.Andtheywouldn’tevenknowwheretostop.
Questions11-15arebasedonPassageOne.
11.Aspacestationisa_____.
A.telescopeinorbit
B.laboratoryinspace
C.celestialobject
D.collaborationoflabs
12.Thewritercomparesthelifeonaspacestationtotheoneonadeep-seaoilriginordertoshow____.
A.dullenvironment
B.excitementinthewild
C.hardlivingconditions
D.thesamenessinoperation
13.InPara.7thesentence“Nonewonesarethoughttoexist”means____.
A.nobodybelievesthatanynewgalaxyexistsnow
B.nobodybelievesthatthereisanynewgalaxytobefoundsoon
C.peoplebelievethatthegalaxiesareveryoldnow
D.peoplearewrongtobelievethatnewgalaxieswillappear
14.Orbitalstationsprovideanidealconditiontoobserveagalaxybecause____.
A.weareclosertoitinspace
B.wecangoback10to12billionyears
C.agalaxyappearsdimmerinthatenvironmentthanonearth
D.agalaxyappearsbrighterinthatenvironmentthanonearth.
15.WemaydrawaconclusionfromPara.14that____.
A.humanhabitationonotherstarsisapureimagination
B.evenlatergenerationswon’tknowwhichstartolandon
C.colonizingotherstarsisasolutiontooverpopulation
D.reachingotherstarsbypresenttechnologyisstillunrealistic
PassageTwo
In1998consumerscouldpurchasevirtuallyanythingovertheInternet.Books,compactdiscs,andevenstockswereavailablefromWorldWideWebsitesthatseemedtospringupalmostdaily.Afewyearsearlier,somepeoplehadpredictedthatconsumersaccustomedtoshoppinginstoreswouldbereluctanttobuythingsthattheycouldnotseeortouchinperson.Foragrowingnumberoftime-starvedconsumers,however,shoppingfromtheirhomecomputerwasprovingtobeaconvenientalternativetodrivingtothestore.
Aresearchestimatedthatin1998USconsumerswouldpurchase$7.3billionofgoodsovertheInternet,doublethe1997total.Findingabargainwasgettingeasier,owingtotheriseofonlineauctionsandWebsitesthatdidcomparisonshoppingontheInternetforthebestdeal.
Foralltheconsumers’interest,retailingincyberspacewasstillalargelyunprofitablebusiness,however,InternetpioneerAmazon.com,whichbegansellingbooksin1995andlaterbranchedintorecordedmusicandvideos,postedrevenueof$153.7millioninthethirdquarter,upfrom$37.9millioninthesameperiodof1997.Overall,however,thecompany’slosswidenedto$45.2millionfrom$9.6million,andanalystsdidnotexpectthecompanytoturnaprofituntil2001.Despitethegreatloss,Amazon.Comhadastockmarketvalueofmanybillions,reflectinginvestors’optimismaboutthefutureoftheindustry.
Internetretailingappealedtoinvestorsbecauseitprovidedanefficientmeansforreachingmillionsofconsumerswithouthavingthecostofoperatingconventionalstoreswiththeirarmiesofsalespeople.Sellingonlinecarrieditsownrisks,however.Withsomanycompaniescompetingforconsumers’attention,pricecompetitionwasintenseandprofitmarginswerethinornonexistent.OnevideoretailersoldthehitmovieTitanicfor$9.99,undercuttingthe$19.99suggestedretailpriceandlosingabout$6oneachcopysold.WithInternetretailingstillinitsinitialstage,companiesseemedwillingtoabsorbsuchlossesinanattempttoestablishadominantmarketposition.
Questions16-20arebasedonPassageTwo
16.Accordingtothewriter,whichofthefollowingistrue?
A.ConsumersarereluctanttobuythingsontheInternet.
B.ConsumersaretoobusytobuythingsontheInternet.
C.MoreandmoreconsumerspreferInternetshopping.
D.Internetretailingisaprofitablebusiness.
17.FindingabargainontheInternetwasgettingeasierpartlybecause_____.
A.thereweremoreandmoreonlineauctions.
B.thereweremoreandmoreInternetusers.
C.theconsumershadmoremoneytospend.
D.thereweremoregoodsavailableontheInternet
18.“Foralltheconsumerinterest”(Para.3)means_____.
A.totheinterestofalltheconsumers
B.fortheinterestofalltheconsumers
C.alltheconsumersaremuchinterested
D.thoughconsumersareverymuchinterested
19.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatAmazon.com______.
A.ismakingaprofitnow
B.willprobablymakeaprofitin2001
C.isacompanythatsellsbooksonly
D.suffersagreatlossonthestockmarket
20.InvestorsareinterestedinInternetret