自考英语阅读模考试题及答案.docx

自考英语阅读模考试题及答案.docx

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自考英语阅读模考试题及答案

　2012年自考英语阅读模考试题及答案

I.Vocabulary.（10points,1pointforeach）

　　Scanthefollowingpassageandfindthewordswhichhaveroughlythesamemeaningsasthosegivenbelow.Thenumberinthebracketaftereachworddefinitionreferstothenumberofparagraphinwhichthetargetwordis.WritethewordyouchooseontheANSWERSHEET.

　　Aboutthreehundredyearsago,therewereapproximatelyhalfabillionpeopleintheworld.Inthetwocenturiesthatfollowedthepopulationdoubled,and,by1850,thereweremorethanabillionpeopleintheworld.Ittookonly75yearsforthefiguretodoubleoncemore,sothatnowthepopulationfigurestandsatapproximatelysixandonehalfbillion.Eachdaythepopulationoftheworldincreasesbyabout150,000.

　　Informercenturiesthepopulationgrewslowly.Famines,wars,andepidemics,suchastheplagueandcholera,killedmanypeople.Today,althoughthebirthratehasnotchangedsignificantly,thedeathratehasbeenloweredconsiderablybyvariouskindsofprogress.

　　Machineryhasmadeitpossibletoproducemoreandmorefoodinvastareas,suchastheplainsofAmericaandRussia.Cropshaveincreasedalmosteverywhereandpeoplearegrowingmoreandmorefood.Newformsoffoodpreservationhavealsobeendevelopedsothatfoodneednotbeeatenassoonasithasgrown.Meat,fish,fruitandvegetablescanbedried,tinnedorfrozen,thenstoredforlateruse.

　　Improvementincommunicationsandtransportationhasmadeitpossibletosendmorefoodfromtheplacewhereitisproducedtootherplaceswhereitisneeded.Thishashelpedreducedthenumberoffamines.

　　Generallyspeaking,peopleliveinconditionsofgreatersecurity.Practicessuchastheslavetrade,whichcausedmanyuselessdeaths,havebeenstopped.

　　1.onehundredyears（Para.1）

　　2.symbolforanumber（Para.1）

　　3.anextremescarcityoffood（Para2）

　　4.anoutbreakofacontagiousdiseasethatspreadsrapidlyandwidely（Para.2）

　　5.importantly（Para.2）

　　6.much;agreatdeal（Para.2）

　　7.preparationoffoodtoresistdecay（Para.3）

　　8.toreserveorputawayforfutureuse（Para.3）

　　9.ameansorsystemofcarryingpassengersorgoodsfromoneplacetoanother（Para.4）

　　10.thestateofbeingsafe（Para.5）

II.ReadingComprehension.（50points,2pointsforeach）

　　Inthispartofthetest,therearefivepassages.Followingeachpassage,therearefivequestionswithfourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestanswerandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

　　PassageOne

　　Q.There’salotoftalkaboutputtingupmannedorbitalstations.Whatdoesthismean,concretely?

　　A.Itisveryimportanttohavescientificstationsinspace.Aspacetelescopewithamirrorslightlyoversixandahalffeetindiameterwillbeplacedinorbit,andtherewillbemoreandmoreofthese.Afewyearsago,ourgroupatSaclay,incollaborationwithanumberofotherEuropeanLaboratories,orbitedatelescopethatrevolutionizedourknowledgeofgamma-rayemissionsbycelestialobjects.

　　Lifeaboardmannedspacestationswon’tbeasexcitingaswemightsuppose.Itwillprobablybecomparabletothelifepeopleleadaboarddeep-seaoilrigs.

　　Q.Whatscientificinterestwillthesestationsoffer?

　　A.Observationismuchmoreprecisebeyondtheatmosphere,becausetheskyisdarker.Youseemanymorestarsandobjectsthatareconcealedbytheearth’sluminescence.

　　Q.Whatobjects?

　　A.Weknowprettywellhowstarsarebornbecausewecanobservethem.Twoorthreenewstarsappearinourgalaxyeveryyear.Butnearlyallthegalaxieswerebornatthesametime,whentheuniversewasconstituted15billion（light）yearsago.Nonewonesarethoughttoexist.

　　Toobservethebirthofagalaxythathappenedsolongago,youhavetoseeaverylongway.Atpresentwecangoback10to12billionyears.Wehavetogoabitfartherbackstill,andmaybecatchthemintheactofbirth.Distantobjectsarenecessarilyverydim,soidealconditionsareneededtoobservethem.Orbitalstationsprovidesuchconditions.

　　Q.Wouldorbitalstationsbechoiceplacesfromwhichtotrytocommunicatewithextraterrestrialintelligences?

　　A.Notparticularlythroughradiocommunication,exceptoncertainwavelengthsthatareabsorbedbytheatmosphere.Butaspointsofdepartureforexplorationthey’llbeveryuseful.

　　Q.Howfarwouldsuchexplorationgo?

　　A.In1989thesatelliteVoyagerIIwillreachNeptuneafterajourneyofthreeandahalfyears.Inaddition,fiveprobesweresenttorendezvouswithHalley’scomet.Soexplorationofthesolarsystemismoreorlessunderway.We’veputpeopleonthemoon,sentprobestoMarsandVenus,loftedsatellitesnearthesun（withinafewtensofmillionsofmiles）,andonesatelliteevenleftthesolarsystemafewyearsago.

　　Butvisitingthestarsissomethingelseagain.Lighttakesfouryearstoreachtheneareststars,soyoucanseethatitwouldtakeasatellitehundredsofthousandsofyears.

　　Ofcourse,iftheearthweretobecomeoverpopulated,wecanimaginesendingfamiliesinspacevesselstocolonizetheneareststars.Butit’stheirgreat-great-great-grandchildrenwhowouldfinallyreachthosestars.Andtheywouldn’tevenknowwheretostop.

　　Questions11-15arebasedonPassageOne.

　　11.Aspacestationisa_____.

　　A.telescopeinorbit

　　B.laboratoryinspace

　　C.celestialobject

　　D.collaborationoflabs

　　12.Thewritercomparesthelifeonaspacestationtotheoneonadeep-seaoilriginordertoshow____.

　　A.dullenvironment

　　B.excitementinthewild

　　C.hardlivingconditions

　　D.thesamenessinoperation

　　13.InPara.7thesentence“Nonewonesarethoughttoexist”means____.

　　A.nobodybelievesthatanynewgalaxyexistsnow

　　B.nobodybelievesthatthereisanynewgalaxytobefoundsoon

　　C.peoplebelievethatthegalaxiesareveryoldnow

　　D.peoplearewrongtobelievethatnewgalaxieswillappear

　　14.Orbitalstationsprovideanidealconditiontoobserveagalaxybecause____.

　　A.weareclosertoitinspace

　　B.wecangoback10to12billionyears

　　C.agalaxyappearsdimmerinthatenvironmentthanonearth

　　D.agalaxyappearsbrighterinthatenvironmentthanonearth.

　　15.WemaydrawaconclusionfromPara.14that____.

　　A.humanhabitationonotherstarsisapureimagination

　　B.evenlatergenerationswon’tknowwhichstartolandon

　　C.colonizingotherstarsisasolutiontooverpopulation

　　D.reachingotherstarsbypresenttechnologyisstillunrealistic

PassageTwo

　　In1998consumerscouldpurchasevirtuallyanythingovertheInternet.Books,compactdiscs,andevenstockswereavailablefromWorldWideWebsitesthatseemedtospringupalmostdaily.Afewyearsearlier,somepeoplehadpredictedthatconsumersaccustomedtoshoppinginstoreswouldbereluctanttobuythingsthattheycouldnotseeortouchinperson.Foragrowingnumberoftime-starvedconsumers,however,shoppingfromtheirhomecomputerwasprovingtobeaconvenientalternativetodrivingtothestore.

　　Aresearchestimatedthatin1998USconsumerswouldpurchase$7.3billionofgoodsovertheInternet,doublethe1997total.Findingabargainwasgettingeasier,owingtotheriseofonlineauctionsandWebsitesthatdidcomparisonshoppingontheInternetforthebestdeal.

　　Foralltheconsumers’interest,retailingincyberspacewasstillalargelyunprofitablebusiness,however,InternetpioneerAmazon.com,whichbegansellingbooksin1995andlaterbranchedintorecordedmusicandvideos,postedrevenueof$153.7millioninthethirdquarter,upfrom$37.9millioninthesameperiodof1997.Overall,however,thecompany’slosswidenedto$45.2millionfrom$9.6million,andanalystsdidnotexpectthecompanytoturnaprofituntil2001.Despitethegreatloss,Amazon.Comhadastockmarketvalueofmanybillions,reflectinginvestors’optimismaboutthefutureoftheindustry.

　　Internetretailingappealedtoinvestorsbecauseitprovidedanefficientmeansforreachingmillionsofconsumerswithouthavingthecostofoperatingconventionalstoreswiththeirarmiesofsalespeople.Sellingonlinecarrieditsownrisks,however.Withsomanycompaniescompetingforconsumers’attention,pricecompetitionwasintenseandprofitmarginswerethinornonexistent.OnevideoretailersoldthehitmovieTitanicfor$9.99,undercuttingthe$19.99suggestedretailpriceandlosingabout$6oneachcopysold.WithInternetretailingstillinitsinitialstage,companiesseemedwillingtoabsorbsuchlossesinanattempttoestablishadominantmarketposition.

　　Questions16-20arebasedonPassageTwo

　　16.Accordingtothewriter,whichofthefollowingistrue?

　　A.ConsumersarereluctanttobuythingsontheInternet.

　　B.ConsumersaretoobusytobuythingsontheInternet.

　　C.MoreandmoreconsumerspreferInternetshopping.

　　D.Internetretailingisaprofitablebusiness.

　　17.FindingabargainontheInternetwasgettingeasierpartlybecause_____.

　　A.thereweremoreandmoreonlineauctions.

　　B.thereweremoreandmoreInternetusers.

　　C.theconsumershadmoremoneytospend.

　　D.thereweremoregoodsavailableontheInternet

　　18.“Foralltheconsumerinterest”（Para.3）means_____.

　　A.totheinterestofalltheconsumers

　　B.fortheinterestofalltheconsumers

　　C.alltheconsumersaremuchinterested

　　D.thoughconsumersareverymuchinterested

　　19.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatAmazon.com______.

　　A.ismakingaprofitnow

　　B.willprobablymakeaprofitin2001

　　C.isacompanythatsellsbooksonly

　　D.suffersagreatlossonthestockmarket

　　20.InvestorsareinterestedinInternetret