查拉图斯特拉如是说英文全文.docx

查拉图斯特拉如是说英文全文.docx

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查拉图斯特拉如是说英文全文

查拉图斯特拉如是说英文全文

查拉图斯特拉如是说英文版ThusSpakeZarathustra

尼采FriedrichNietzsche

IntroductionbyMrsForster-Nietzsche.Page1

HOWZARATHUSTRACAMEINTOBEING.

"Zarathustra"ismybrother'smostpersonalwork;itisthehistoryofhismostindividualexperiences,ofhisfriendships,ideals,raptures,bitterestdisappointmentsandsorrows.Aboveitall,however,theresoars,transfiguringit,theimageofhisgreatesthopesandremotestaims.MybrotherhadthefigureofZarathustrainhismindfromhisveryearliestyouth:

heoncetoldmethatevenasachildhehaddreamtofhim.Atdifferentperiodsinhislife,hewouldcallthishaunterofhisdreamsbydifferentnames;"butintheend,"hedeclaresinanoteonthesubject,"IhadtodoaPERSIANthehonourofidentifyinghimwiththiscreatureofmyfancy.Persianswerethefirsttotakeabroadandcomprehensiveviewofhistory.Everyseriesofevolutions,accordingtothem,waspresidedoverbyaprophet;andeveryprophethadhis'Hazar,'--hisdynastyofathousandyears."

AllZarathustra'sviews,asalsohispersonality,wereearlyconceptionsofmybrother'smind.Whoeverreadshisposthumouslypublishedwritingsfortheyears1869-82withcare,willconstantlymeetwithpassagessuggestiveofZarathustra'sthoughtsanddoctrines.Forinstance,theidealoftheSupermanisputforthquiteclearlyinallhiswritingsduringtheyears1873-75;andin"WePhilologists",thefollowingremarkableobservationsoccur:

--

"Howcanonepraiseandglorifyanationasawhole?

--EvenamongtheGreeks,itwastheINDIVIDUALSthatcounted."

"TheGreeksareinterestingandextremelyimportantbecausetheyrearedsuchavastnumberofgreatindividuals.Howwasthispossible?

Thequestionisonewhichoughttobestudied.

"Iaminterestedonlyintherelationsofapeopletotherearingoftheindividualman,andamongtheGreekstheconditionswereunusuallyfavourableforthedevelopmentoftheindividual;notbyanymeansowingtothegoodnessofthepeople,butbecauseofthestrugglesoftheirevilinstincts.

"WITHTHEHELPOFFAVOURABLEMEASURESGREATINDIVIDUALSMIGHTBEREAREDWHOWOULDBEBOTHDIFFERENTFROMANDHIGHERTHANTHOSEWHOHERETOFOREHAVEOWEDTHEIREXISTENCETOMERECHANCE.Herewemaystillbehopeful:

intherearingofexceptionalmen."

ThenotionofrearingtheSupermanisonlyanewformofanidealNietzschealreadyhadinhisyouth,that"THEOBJECTOFMANKINDSHOULDLIEINITSHIGHESTINDIVIDUALS"（or,ashewritesin"SchopenhauerasEducator":

"Mankindoughtconstantlytobestrivingtoproducegreatmen--thisandnothingelseisitsduty."）Buttheidealshemostreveredinthosedaysarenolongerheldtobethehighesttypesofmen.No,aroundthisfutureidealofacominghumanity--theSuperman--thepoetspreadtheveilofbecoming.Whocantelltowhatgloriousheightsmancanstillascend?

Thatiswhy,afterhavingtestedtheworthofournoblestideal--thatoftheSaviour,inthelightofthenewvaluations,thepoetcrieswithpassionateemphasisin"Zarathustra":

"NeveryethaththerebeenaSuperman.NakedhaveIseenbothofthem,thegreatestandthesmallestman:

--

All-too-similararetheystilltoeachother.VerilyeventhegreatestfoundI--all-too-human!

"--

Thephrase"therearingoftheSuperman,"hasveryoftenbeenmisunderstood.Bytheword"rearing,"inthiscase,ismeanttheactofmodifyingbymeansofnewandhighervalues--valueswhich,aslawsandguidesofconductandopinion,arenowtoruleovermankind.IngeneralthedoctrineoftheSupermancanonlybeunderstoodcorrectlyinconjunctionwithotherideasoftheauthor's,suchas:

--theOrderofRank,theWilltoPower,andtheTransvaluationofallValues.HeassumesthatChristianity,asaproductoftheresentmentofthebotchedandtheweak,hasputinbanallthatisbeautiful,strong,proud,andpowerful,infactallthequalitiesresultingfromstrength,andthat,inconsequence,allforceswhichtendtopromoteorelevatelifehavebeenseriouslyundermined.Now,however,anewtableofvaluationsmustbeplacedovermankind--namely,thatofthestrong,mighty,andmagnificentman,overflowingwithlifeandelevatedtohiszenith--theSuperman,whoisnowputbeforeuswithoverpoweringpassionastheaimofourlife,hope,andwill.Andjustastheoldsystemofvaluing,whichonlyextolledthequalitiesfavourabletotheweak,thesuffering,andtheoppressed,hassucceededinproducingaweak,suffering,and"modern"race,sothisnewandreversedsystemofvaluingoughttorearahealthy,strong,lively,andcourageoustype,whichwouldbeaglorytolifeitself.Statedbriefly,theleadingprincipleofthisnewsystemofvaluingwouldbe:

"Allthatproceedsfrompowerisgood,allthatspringsfromweaknessisbad."

Thistypemustnotberegardedasafancifulfigure:

itisnotaneb