高考英语二轮复习600分策略专题1阅读理解考点4词义猜测题素能强化121628.docx
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高考英语二轮复习600分策略专题1阅读理解考点4词义猜测题素能强化121628
词义猜测题
真题题组
A
(2017·全国Ⅱ,B)
IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968,whenGeorgeRoyHill,thedirectorofButchCassidyandtheSundanceKid,introducedusinNewYorkCity.Whenthestudiodidn’twantmeforthefilm—itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul—hestoodupforme.Idon’tknowhowmanypeoplewouldhavedonethat;theywouldhavelistenedtotheiragentsorthestudiopowers.
ThefriendshipthatgrewoutoftheexperienceofmakingthatfilmandTheStingfouryearslaterhaditsrootinthefactthatalthoughtherewasanagedifference,webothcamefromatraditionoftheaterandliveTV.Wewererespectfulofcraft(技艺)andfocusedondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingtoplay.BothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofAmericanactors:
humorous,aggressive,andmakingfunofeachother—butalwayswithanunderlyingaffection.Thosewerealsoatthecore(核心)ofourrelationshipoffthescreen.
Wesharedthebeliefthatifyou’refortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingback—hewithhisNewman’sOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWallcampsforkidswhoareseriouslyill,andmewithSundanceandtheinstituteandthefestival.PaulandIdidn’tseeeachotherallthatregularly,butsharingthatbroughtustogether.Wesupportedeachotherfinanciallyandbyshowingupatevents.
Ilastsawhimafewmonthsago.He’dbeeninandoutofthehospital.HeandIbothknewwhatthedealwas,andwedidn’ttalkaboutit.Ourswasarelationshipthatdidn’tneedalotofwords.
文章大意:
本文是一篇记叙文。
作者讲述了与Paul的相识及与其建立友谊的原因,虽不常见面但是却因共同的信念而保持着友谊。
❶ Whywasthestudiounwillingtogivetheroletoauthoratfirst?
__C__
A.PaulNewmanwantedit.
B.Thestudiopowersdidn’tlikehisagent.
C.Hewasn’tfamousenough.
D.Thedirectorrecommendedsomeoneelse.
解析:
考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“Whenthestudiodidn’twantmeforthefilm—itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul—hestoodupforme”可知,摄影棚起初不愿意给作者角色的原因是想找一个与Paul一样著名的人物。
故可知作者当时不够有名。
该题选C项。
❷ WhydidPaulandtheauthorhavealastingfriendship?
__D__
A.Theywereofthesameage.
B.Theyworkedinthesametheater.
C.Theywerebothgoodactors.
D.Theyhavesimilarcharacteristics.
解析:
考查推理判断。
根据文章第二段中的“Wewererespectfulofcraft(技艺)andfocusedondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingtoplay.BothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofAmericanactors”可知,作者与Paul之所以拥有持久的友谊是因为他们有相似的性格特征。
故D项符合题意。
❸ Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3referto?
__A__
A.Theirbelief.B.Theircareforchildren.
C.Theirsuccess.D.Theirsupportforeachother.
解析:
考查代词指代。
根据第三段中的“Wesharedthebeliefthatifyou’refortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingback”可知,下文的内容是对thebelief的解释,that引导同位语从句,解释说明thebelief的具体内容。
下文提到了我们并不经常见面,但是分享这个信念把我们带到了一起。
故选A项。
❹ Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?
__B__
A.Toshowhisloveoffilms.B.Torememberafriend.
C.Tointroduceanewmovie.D.Tosharehisactingexperience.
解析:
考查写作目的。
根据全文内容,尤其是第一段中的“IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968”以及最后一段中的“Ilastsawhimafewmonthsago”可知,该篇文章的写作目的是回忆一位朋友,所以选B项。
B
(2016·全国Ⅱ,B)
Fiveyearsago,whenItaughtartataschoolinSeattle,IusedTinkertoysasatestatthebeginningofatermtofindoutsomethingaboutmystudents.IputasmallsetofTinkertoysinfrontofeachstudent,andsaid:
“MakesomethingoutoftheTinkertoys.Youhave45minutestoday—and45minuteseachdayfortherestoftheweek.”
Afewstudentshesitatedtostart.Theywaitedtoseewhattherestoftheclasswoulddo.Severalotherscheckedtheinstructionsandmadesomethingaccordingtooneofthemodelplansprovided.Anothergroupbuiltsomethingoutoftheirownimaginations.
OnceIhadaboywhoworkedexperimentallywithTinkertoysinhisfreetime.Hisconstructionsfilledashelfintheartclassroomandagoodpartofhisbedroomathome.Iwasdelightedatthepresenceofsuchastudent.Herewasanexceptionallycreativemindatwork.HispresencemeantthatIhadanunexpectedteachingassistantinclasswhosecreativitywouldinfect(感染)otherstudents.
Encouragingthiskindofthinkinghasadownside.Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking.Withoutfailonewoulddeclare,“ButI’mjustnotcreative.”
“Doyoudreamatnightwhenyou’reasleep?
”
“Oh,sure.”
“Sotellmeoneofyourmostinterestingdreams.”Thestudentwouldtellsomethingwildlyimaginative.Flyingintheskyorinatimemachineorgrowingthreeheads.“That’sprettycreative.Whodoesthatforyou?
”
“Nobody.Idoit.”
“Really—atnight,whenyou’reasleep?
”
“Sure.”
“Trydoingitinthedaytime,inclass,okay?
”
文章大意:
本文是一篇记叙文。
文章讲述了作者五年前在西雅图教学生们美术时所发生的事情,以及培养学生们的想象力的方法。
❺ TheteacherusedTinkertoysinclassinorderto__A__
A.knowmoreaboutthestudents
B.makethelessonsmoreexciting
C.raisethestudents’interestinart
D.teachthestudentsabouttoydesign
解析:
考查细节理解。
根据文章第一段第一句话的“tofindoutsomethingaboutmystudents”可知,作者使用Tinkertoys是为了弄清楚有关学生们的一些事情。
故选A项。
❻ WhatdoweknowabouttheboymentionedinParagraph3?
__D__
A.Helikedtohelphisteacher.B.Hepreferredtostudyalone.
C.Hewasactiveinclass.D.Hewasimaginative.
解析:
考查细节理解。
根据第三段第四句话“Herewasanexceptionallycreativemindatwork”可知,这个男孩儿非常具有创造性,故选D项。
❼ Whatdoestheunderlinedword“downside”inParagraph4probablymean?
__B__
A.Mistake.B.Drawback.
C.Difficulty.D.Burden.
解析:
考查词义猜测。
根据下文的“Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking”可知,作者冒着推动那些有不同思维风格的学生的风险。
故可知该词的意思为“不足,缺点”,所以选B项。
❽ Whydidtheteacheraskthestudentstotalkabouttheirdreams?
__A__
A.Tohelpthemtoseetheircreativity.
B.Tofindoutabouttheirsleepinghabits.
C.Tohelpthemtoimprovetheirmemory.
D.Tofindoutabouttheirwaysofthinking.
解析:
考查推理判断。
根据第四段中的“Withoutfailonewoulddeclare,’ButI’mjustnotcreative.’”,及下文内容可推知,作者问学生们他们是否做梦了是为了让他们看到自己的创造力。
故选A项。
C
(2017·江苏,B)
Beforebirth,babiescantellthedifferencebetweenloudsoundsandvoices.Theycanevendistinguishtheirmother’svoicefromthatofafemalestranger.Butwhenitcomestoembryoniclearning(胎教),birdscouldrule_the_roost.AsrecentlyreportedinTheAuk:
OrnithologicalAdvances,somemotherbirdsmayteachtheiryoungtosingevenbeforetheyhatch(孵化).New-bornchickscanthenimitatetheirmom’scallwithinafewdaysofenteringtheworld.
Thiseducationalmethodwasfirstobservedin2012bySoniaKleindorfer,abiologistatFlindersUniversityinSouthAustralia,andhercolleagues.FemaleAustraliansuperbfairywrenswerefoundtorepeatonesoundoverandoveragainwhilehatchingtheireggs.Whentheeggswerehatched,thebabybirdsmadethesimilarchirptotheirmothers—asoundthatservedastheirregular“feedme!
”call.
Tofindoutifthespecialqualitywasmorewidespreadinbirds,theresearcherssoughtthered-backedfairywren,anotherspeciesofAustraliansongbird.Firsttheycollectedsounddatafrom67nestsinfoursitesinQueenslandbeforeandafterhatching.Thentheyidentifiedbeggingcallsbyanalyzingtheorderandnumberofnotes.Acomputeranalysisblindlycomparedcallsproducedbymothersandchicks,rankingthembysimilarity.
Itturnsoutthatbabyred-backedfairywrensalsoemergechirpingliketheirmoms.Andthemorefrequentlymothershadcalledtotheireggs,themoresimilarwerethebabies’beggingcalls.Inaddition,theteamsetupaseparateexperimentthatsuggestedthatthebabybirdsthatmostcloselyimitatedtheirmom’svoicewererewardedwiththemostfood.
Thisobservationhintsthateffectiveembryoniclearningcouldsignalneurological(神经系统的)strengthsofchildrentoparents.Anevolutionaryinferencecanthenbedrawn.“Asaparent,doyouinvestinqualitychildren,ordoyouinvestinchildrenthatareinneed?
”Kleindorferasks.“Ourresultssuggestthattheymightbegoingforquality.”
文章大意:
研究发现胎教并非人类独有,一些鸟儿在这方面做得甚至更出色。
❾ TheunderlinedphraseinParagraph1means“__B__”.
A.betheworstB.bethebest
C.betheasbadD.bejustasgood
解析:
考查词义猜测。
根据句中的转折词But与下文提到的鸟类在胎教方面做得很出色可知选择B。
WhatareKleindorfer’sfindingsbasedon?
__A__
A.Similaritiesbetweenthecallsofmomsandchicks.
B.TheobservationoffairywrensacrossAustralia.
C.ThedatacollectedfromQueensland’slocals.
D.Controlledexperimentsonwrensandotherbirds.
解析:
考查细节理解。
根据第二、三、四段的内容,尤其是第二段中的“thebabybirdsmadethesimilarchirptotheirmothers”,第三段的最后一句及第四段的第二句可知,Kleindorfer的发现是基于母鸟与幼鸟发出的叫声的相似性的,因此本题答案为A。
Embryoniclearninghelpsmotherbirdstoidentifythebabybirdswhich__C__.
A.canreceivequalitysignals B.areinneedoftraining
C.fittheenvironmentbetterD.maketheloudestcall
解析:
考查细节理解。
根据文章倒数第二段的最后一句和最后一段中的“Anevolutionaryinferencecanthenbedrawn”可知,与母鸟的叫声最相似的幼鸟可以得到最多的食物,这也能说明它符合进化论的理论:
适者生存,故本题答案为C。
D
(2016·全国Ⅲ,B)
OnoneofhertripstoNewYorkseveralyearsago,EudoraWeltydecidedtotakeacoupleofNewYorkfriendsouttodinner.TheysettledinatacomfortableEastSidecaféandwithinminutes,anothercustomerwasapproachingtheirtable.
“Hey,aren’tyoufromMississippi?
”theelegant,white-hairedwriterrememberedbeingaskedbythestranger.“I’mfromMississippitoo.”
Withoutasecondthought,thewomanjoinedtheWeltyparty.Whenherdinnerpartnershowedup,shealsopulledupachair.
“TheybegantellingmeallthenewsofMississippi,”Weltysaid.“Ididn’tknowwhatmyNewYorkfriendswerethinking.”
TaxisonarainyNewYorknightarerarerthansunshine.Bythetimethegroupgotuptoleave,itwaspouringoutside.Welty’snewfriendsimmediatelysentawaitertofindacab.Headingbackdowntowntowardherhotel,herbig-cityfriendswereamazedattheturnofeventsthathadchangedtheirBigAppledinnerintoaMississippi.
“Myfriendsaid:
’Nowwe