新视野大学英语第三版第二册unit2课文重点句子解析+词汇解析教案资料.docx
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新视野大学英语第三版第二册unit2课文重点句子解析+词汇解析教案资料
新视野大学英语第三版第二册unit2课文重点句子解析+词汇解析
Unit2
WordsandExpressions
1Whenthegoinggetstough,thetoughtakeaccounting.(Para.1)
Meaning:
Whenconditionsorsituationsbecomedifficult,determinedpeoplechoosetostudythesubjectofaccounting,hopingtheycanmoreeasilyfindajobinthefuture.
★whenthegoinggetstough:
whenthesituationbecomesdifficult当形势变得严峻时
e.g.Whenthegoinggetstough,womencangetastoughasmen.当形势变得严峻时,女人可以变得跟男人一样坚强。
★accounting:
n.[U]theworkofaccountantsorthemethodstheyuse会计;会计学
e.g.Students’majorobjectiveistobefinanciallywelloff.Accordingly,todaythemostpopularcourseisnotliteratureorhistorybutaccounting.
学生的主要目的是在经济上富裕。
因此,当今最流行的课程不是文学或历史,而是会计。
★takeaccounting:
choosetostudythesubjectofaccounting选择学会计
2Whenthejobmarketworsens,manystudentscalculatetheycan’tmajorinEnglishorhistory.(Para.1)
Meaning:
Whentherearefewerjobopenings,manycollegestudentsmakeajudgmentfromthesituationandthinktheycan’tstudyEnglishorhistoryastheirmajor.
Meaningbeyondwords:
Manystudentswillnottaketheclassesthatwon’thelpthemlocateadecentjoblater.
★majorin:
(AmE)studysth.asyourmainsubjectatcollegeoruniversity主修(某一)科目
e.g.ThehighdemandforpersonswithknowledgeaboutcomputersiswhyIchosetomajorincomputerscienceattheuniversity.
对具有电脑知识人才的高需求是我选择在大学主修计算机科学的原因。
3Theyhavetostudysomethingthatbooststheirprospectsoflandingajob.(Para.1)
Meaning:
Theyhavetostudysomethingthatimprovestheirchancesofsuccessinfindingajob.
★boost:
vt.increaseorimprovesth.tomakeitmoresuccessful促进;推动;使兴旺
e.g.Somecountrieshopethatwarmerweatherandmorerainwillboosttheirfarmoutput.
一些国家希望更温暖的天气和更多的降雨能提高他们的农业产量。
★prospect:
n.[C,U]sth.thatispossibleorlikelytohappeninthefuture,orthepossibilityitself可能的事情;很可能发生的事情;前景
e.g.Careerprospectsinscienceandtechnologyarevirtuallyunlimited.
科技类职业的前景几乎是无可限量的。
4Thedatashowthatasstudentshaveincreasinglyshoulderedtheever-risingcostoftuition,theyhavedefectedfromthestudyofthehumanitiesandtowardappliedscienceand“hard”skillsthattheybetwillleadtoemployment.(Para.2)
Meaning:
Thefactsandinformationshowthatasstudentshavespentincreasinglymoremoneyontuition,theyhaveturnedawayfromthehumanitiestosomepracticalcoursesthattheybelievewillenablethemtogetajobmoreeasily.
★defect:
vi.leaveacountry,politicalparty,ororganizationtogotoanotherone背叛;叛逃
e.g.Hedefectedfromthepartyinthelate1970s.
他在20世纪70年代后期背叛了该党。
n.[C]afaultinsb.orsth.缺点;欠缺;不足之处
e.g.Stammeringisprobablyaninheriteddefect.
口吃可能是一种遗传缺陷。
UsageNOTE
defect,deficiency
1在表示“人的缺点,设计制造方面的缺点或缺陷”时,名词defect和deficiency的词义相近。
例:
physiologicaldefect/deficiency生理缺陷
Thenewcarhadtobewithdrawnfromthemarketbecauseofamechanicaldefect.
这款新汽车因有机械缺陷,必须被撤出市场。
Thedeficiencyofthisplanisveryclear,soitcan’tpossiblysucceed.
这项计划的缺陷是很明显的,所以它不可能成功。
2但表示“缺少;不足”(shortage)时,只可用deficiency。
例:
Thereareseriousdeficienciesinthenumberofsuitableaircraft.
符合要求的飞机数量严重不足。
Duringthewarchildrensufferedfromadeficiencyoffood.
战争期间孩子们遭受了缺乏食物之苦。
★applied:
a.(usu.beforenoun)usedfordescribingeducationalsubjectswhentheyarestudiedfortheirpracticaluses(学科)应用的,实用的
e.g.Industryleaderswantscientiststoengageinbasicresearch,notappliedresearch.
产业领导者们希望科学家们从事基础研究,而不是应用研究。
5Inotherwords,acollegeeducationismoreandmoreseenasameansforeconomicbettermentratherthanameansforhumanbetterment.(Para.2)
Meaning:
Inotherwords,acollegeeducationismoreconsideredasamethodtoimprovestudents’futureeconomicstatusratherthanimprovehumannatureorbehavior.
Meaningbeyondwords:
Thequalityofacollegeeducationisincreasinglyquestionablebecausethetrendamongmanycollegesistobecomemorelikeabusinessandlesslikeanacademicsetting.
6Thisisatrendthatislikelytopersistandevenaccelerate.(Para.2)
Meaning:
Verylikely,thetrendwillcontinuetoexistandevengofasterthanever.
★persist:
vi.
1)(fml.)continuetoexist继续存在;持续
e.g.Ifthebadweatherpersists,thefarmerswillsuffergreatlossesthisyear.如果恶劣天气持续,农民今年将遭受巨大的损失。
2)continuetodosth.,althoughthisisdifficult,orotherpeopleopposeit坚持;执意
e.g.Studentsmustpersistintheireffortsiftheywishtodowell.
学生如果想取得好成绩就必须坚持努力。
UsageNOTE
persist,insist
1persist可用于表示“继续存在;持续”,尤其用于不好的事情,而insist没有此意。
例:
Contactyourdoctorifthecoughpersists.如果咳嗽持续,请联系您的医生。
2persist和insist容易混淆主要是当两者均表示“坚持”时。
persist用于表示“坚持”时,表示“坚持反复做同一件事”,后接介词in,多用于褒义,指“坚持继续做某事”,有时用于贬义,指“不听劝告;顽固坚持”。
例:
Hermothertriedtopersuadehertogotobedearly,butshepersistedinworkinguntilthesmallhours.
她的母亲劝她早点睡,但她仍坚持工作到凌晨。
Hepersistedindrinkingeventhoughthedoctorhadtoldhimthatitdidharmtohisbody.
即使医生告诉他饮酒伤身,他仍坚持饮酒。
insist用于表示“坚持”时,表示“坚持做某件事(尤指麻烦或令人讨厌的事)”,后接介词on。
例:
SheinsistedonwashingherhairjustwhenIwantedtohaveabath.
当我想泡个澡时,她还在那洗头。
3insist还可用于表示“对意见、主张等的坚持”。
insist用于此意时,后可接介词on,也可以接that引导的从句(是否用虚拟语气,视情况而定,即看从句内容是否为事实),而persist无此意。
例:
Theyinsistonhavingajobdonewellnomatterhowmuchtimeisrequired.
他们坚持无论需要多少时间都要将工作做好。
Thedoctorinsistedthatshe(should)takethemedicine,butsheinsistedthatshewasnotill.医生坚持让她服此药,但她坚持自己没病。
★accelerate:
v.happenormakesth.happenatafasterrate(使)加快;促进
e.g.Humanactivitiescancauseoracceleratepermanentchangesinnaturalsystems.人类的活动可能导致或加速自然系统的永久变化。
7Overthenextfewyears,aslabormarketsstruggle,thehumanitieswillprobablycontinuetheirlongslideinsuccession.(Para.3)
Meaning:
Forthenextfewyears,asthegoinggetstoughwithlabormarkets,thesubjectsofthehumanitieswillcontinuetoshrinkandworsenforalongtimeeachyear.
★insuccession:
happeningoneaftertheotherwithoutanythingdifferenthappeninginbetween连续发生地;接连发生地
e.g.Sheisanaccomplishedathleteandwonthechampionshipfourtimesinsuccession.她是一名成功的运动员,连续四次获得冠军。
8Therealreadyhasbeenanearly50percentdeclineintheportionofliberalartsmajorsoverthepastgeneration,anditislogicaltothinkthatthetrendisboundtocontinueorevenaccelerate.(Para.3)
Meaning:
Basedonthefactthattherealreadyhasbeenabout50percentdecreaseinthenumberofstudentsmajoringinliberalartsoverthepastyears,itisreasonabletothinkthatthetrendwillsurelycontinueorevenspeedup.
★liberal:
a.
1)(~arts)schoolorcollegesubjectsthatgivestudentsageneraleducationandteachthemtothinkratherthanthosesubjectsthatdeveloppracticalskills文科
e.g.Theliberalartsarecollegeoruniversitysubjectssuchashistory,languagesandliteraturebutnotsciences.
文科是学院或大学的如历史、语言和文学之类的学习科目,而不是理科学科。
2)acceptingdifferentopinionsandwaysofbehavingandtendingtobesympathetictootherpeople心胸宽广的;开明的
e.g.Sheisknowntohaveliberalviewsondivorce.
人们知道她对离婚持有开明的观点。
★bound:
a.(~to)sth.thatisboundtohappenwillalmostcertainlyhappen一定的;几乎肯定的
e.g.Theweatherisboundtogetbettertomorrow.
明天的天气肯定更好。
9Oncethedominantpillarsofuniversitylife,thehumanitiesnowplaylittleroleswhenstudentstaketheircollegetours.Thesedays,labsaremorevividandcompellingthanlibraries.(Para.3)
Meaning:
Thehumanitiesthatoncedominateduniversitylifenowplayatrivial
rolewhenstudentshavetheircollegevisits;nowadays,labsaremoreeye-catchingandfascinatingthanlibraries.
Meaningbeyondwords:
Librarieswereoncetheonlyplacewherestudentsspentmuchtimereadingmaterials,doingresearchandwritingpapers.However,asmorestudentsaretakingsciencecourses,labswherestudentsdoscientificexperimentsplayamoreimportantroleforlearningthantraditionallibraries.
★dominant:
a.moreimportant,powerful,orsuccessfulthantheotherpeopleorthingsofthesametype有优势的;占统治地位的
e.g.Unemploymentratewillbethedominantissueatthenextpresidentelection.失业率将是下次总统选举中的主要话题。
★pillar:
n.[C]
1)averyimportantpartofasystemofbeliefsorideas(信仰或思想)非常重要的部分
e.g.Equalityisoneofthepillarsofastablesociety.
平等是一个稳定社会的支柱之一。
2)athickstronguprightpostthatsupportspartofabuilding柱子;支柱
e.g.Eightmassivestonepillarssupportedtheroof.
八根巨大的石柱支撑起房顶。
★compel:
vt.forcesb.todosth.强迫;迫使
e.g.Asaschoolboy,hewascompelledtowearshortseveninwinter.
当他还是一个在校的小男孩时,即使在冬天他也被迫穿短裤。
UsageNOTE
compel,oblige,force
这三个词都有“强迫”之意,但程度不同。
1compel表示“强迫;迫使”,指“运用权力、力量迫使对方做某事”,尤其在被动语态中含“别无他法;不得不做”之意,compel的意义比force弱。
例:
Hisillnesscompelledhimtostayinbed.他的病迫使他卧床休息。
2oblige表示“强制;不得不”,指“因法律、道义、习俗或许诺的约束而必须去做某事”,多用被动语态,语气相对较弱。
例:
Weareobligedtostopthecarataredlight.我们遇到红灯时必须停车。
3force表示“强迫;迫使;逼迫”,指“以暴力威胁、武力强迫对方做某事”,后面跟的动作常是不情愿做的事,force的语气比compel和oblige强。
例:
Thepoorpeasantwasforcedtosellhisdaughtertothelandlord.
那位贫穷的农民被迫将自己的女儿卖给地主。
★compelling:
a.interestingorexcitingenoughtokeepyourattentioncompletely有强烈吸引力的;引人入胜的
e.g.SteveJobs’lifemakesacompellingstory.
史蒂夫·乔布斯的一生是一个引人入胜的故事。
10Here,pleaseallowmetostandupforandpromotethetruevaluethatthehumanitiesaddtopeople’slives.(Para.4)
Meaning:
Ihereaskforyourpermissiontoletmedefendandadvertisethetruevaluethatthehumanitiesbringtopeople’slives.
★standupfor:
supportordefendapersonoranideawhentheyarebeingattacked支持;保卫;维护
e.g.Marystoodupformeatthemeeting,sparingmesomeembarrassment.
玛丽在会议上支持了我,使我免受了一些尴尬。
★promote:
vt.supportorencouragesth.支持;鼓励;提倡
e.g.Toacknowledgeothercultureswillpromotegoodwillamongpeopleofdifferentback