新视野大学英语第三版第二册unit2课文重点句子解析+词汇解析教案资料.docx

1、新视野大学英语第三版第二册unit2课文重点句子解析+词汇解析教案资料新视野大学英语第三版第二册unit2课文重点句子解析+词汇解析Unit 2 Words and Expressions1 When the going gets tough, the tough take accounting. (Para. 1)Meaning: When conditions or situations become difficult, determined people choose to study the subject of accounting, hoping they can more ea

2、sily find a job in the future.when the going gets tough: when the situation becomes difficult 当形势变得严峻时e.g. When the going gets tough, women can get as tough as men. 当形势变得严峻时，女人可以变得跟男人一样坚强。accounting: n. U the work of accountants or the methods they use 会计；会计学e.g. Students major objective is to be fi

3、nancially well off. Accordingly, today the most popular course is not literature or history but accounting. 学生的主要目的是在经济上富裕。因此，当今最流行的课程不是文学或历史，而是会计。take accounting: choose to study the subject of accounting 选择学会计2 When the job market worsens, many students calculate they cant major in English or hist

4、ory. (Para. 1)Meaning: When there are fewer job openings, many college students make a judgment from the situation and think they cant study English or history as their major.Meaning beyond words: Many students will not take the classes that wont help them locate a decent job later.major in: (AmE) s

5、tudy sth. as your main subject at college or university 主修（某一）科目e.g. The high demand for persons with knowledge about computers is why I chose to major in computer science at the university. 对具有电脑知识人才的高需求是我选择在大学主修计算机科学的原因。3 They have to study something that boosts their prospects of landing a job. (

6、Para.1)Meaning: They have to study something that improves their chances of success in finding a job.boost: vt. increase or improve sth. to make it more successful 促进；推动；使兴旺e.g. Some countries hope that warmer weather and more rain will boost their farm output. 一些国家希望更温暖的天气和更多的降雨能提高他们的农业产量。prospect:

7、 n. C, U sth. that is possible or likely to happen in the future, or the possibility itself 可能的事情；很可能发生的事情；前景e.g. Career prospects in science and technology are virtually unlimited. 科技类职业的前景几乎是无可限量的。4 The data show that as students have increasingly shouldered the ever-rising cost of tuition, they h

8、ave defected from the study of the humanities and toward applied science and “hard” skills that they bet will lead to employment. (Para. 2)Meaning: The facts and information show that as students have spent increasingly more money on tuition, they have turned away from the humanities to some practic

9、al courses that they believe will enable them to get a job more easily.defect:vi. leave a country, political party, or organization to go to another one 背叛；叛逃e.g. He defected from the party in the late 1970s.他在20世纪70年代后期背叛了该党。n. C a fault in sb. or sth. 缺点；欠缺；不足之处e.g. Stammering is probably an inher

10、ited defect. 口吃可能是一种遗传缺陷。Usage NOTE defect, deficiency1 在表示“人的缺点，设计制造方面的缺点或缺陷”时，名词defect和deficiency的词义相近。例：physiological defect / deficiency 生理缺陷The new car had to be withdrawn from the market because of a mechanical defect. 这款新汽车因有机械缺陷，必须被撤出市场。The deficiency of this plan is very clear, so it cant p

11、ossibly succeed. 这项计划的缺陷是很明显的，所以它不可能成功。2 但表示“ 缺少；不足”（shortage）时，只可用deficiency。例：There are serious deficiencies in the number of suitable aircraft. 符合要求的飞机数量严重不足。During the war children suffered from a deficiency of food. 战争期间孩子们遭受了缺乏食物之苦。applied: a. (usu. before noun) used for describing educational

12、 subjects when they are studied for their practical uses （学科）应用的，实用的e.g. Industry leaders want scientists to engage in basic research, not applied research.产业领导者们希望科学家们从事基础研究，而不是应用研究。5 In other words, a college education is more and more seen as a means for economic betterment rather than a means fo

13、r human betterment. (Para. 2)Meaning: In other words, a college education is more considered as a method to improve students future economic status rather than improve human nature or behavior.Meaning beyond words: The quality of a college education is increasingly questionable because the trend amo

14、ng many colleges is to become more like a business and less like an academic setting.6 This is a trend that is likely to persist and even accelerate. (Para. 2)Meaning: Very likely, the trend will continue to exist and even go faster than ever.persist: vi.1) (fml.) continue to exist 继续存在；持续e.g. If th

15、e bad weather persists, the farmers will suffer great losses this year. 如果恶劣天气持续，农民今年将遭受巨大的损失。2) continue to do sth., although this is difficult, or other people oppose it 坚持；执意e.g. Students must persist in their efforts if they wish to do well. 学生如果想取得好成绩就必须坚持努力。Usage NOTE persist, insist1 persist

16、可用于表示“ 继续存在；持续”, 尤其用于不好的事情，而insist没有此意。例：Contact your doctor if the cough persists. 如果咳嗽持续，请联系您的医生。2 persist和insist容易混淆主要是当两者均表示“坚持”时。persist 用于表示“坚持”时， 表示“坚持反复做同一件事”，后接介词in，多用于褒义，指“坚持继续做某事”，有时用于贬义，指“不听劝告；顽固坚持”。例：Her mother tried to persuade her to go to bed early, but she persisted in working until

17、 the small hours.她的母亲劝她早点睡，但她仍坚持工作到凌晨。He persisted in drinking even though the doctor had told him that it did harm to his body. 即使医生告诉他饮酒伤身，他仍坚持饮酒。insist 用于表示“坚持”时，表示“坚持做某件事（尤指麻烦或令人讨厌的事）”，后接介词on。例：She insisted on washing her hair just when I wanted to have a bath. 当我想泡个澡时，她还在那洗头。3 insist 还可用于表示“ 对意

18、见、主张等的坚持”。insist用于此意时，后可接介词on，也可以接that引导的从句（是否用虚拟语气，视情况而定，即看从句内容是否为事实），而persist无此意。例：They insist on having a job done well no matter how much time is required. 他们坚持无论需要多少时间都要将工作做好。The doctor insisted that she (should) take the medicine, but she insisted that she was not ill. 医生坚持让她服此药，但她坚持自己没病。accel

19、erate: v. happen or make sth. happen at a faster rate（使）加快；促进e.g. Human activities can cause or accelerate permanent changes in natural systems. 人类的活动可能导致或加速自然系统的永久变化。7 Over the next few years, as labor markets struggle, the humanities will probably continue their long slide in succession. (Para. 3)

20、Meaning: For the next few years, as the going gets tough with labor markets, the subjects of the humanities will continue to shrink and worsen for a long time each year.in succession: happening one after the other without anything different happening in between 连续发生地；接连发生地e.g. She is an accomplished

21、 athlete and won the championship four times in succession. 她是一名成功的运动员，连续四次获得冠军。8 There already has been a nearly 50 percent decline in the portion of liberal arts majors over the past generation, and it is logical to think that the trend is bound to continue or even accelerate. (Para. 3)Meaning: Ba

22、sed on the fact that there already has been about 50 percent decrease in the number of students majoring in liberal arts over the past years, it is reasonable to think that the trend will surely continue or even speed up.liberal: a.1) ( arts) school or college subjects that give students a general e

23、ducation and teach them to think rather than those subjects that develop practical skills 文科e.g. The liberal arts are college or university subjects such as history, languages and literature but not sciences. 文科是学院或大学的如历史、语言和文学之类的学习科目，而不是理科学科。2) accepting different opinions and ways of behaving and

24、tending to be sympathetic to other people心胸宽广的；开明的e.g. She is known to have liberal views on divorce. 人们知道她对离婚持有开明的观点。bound: a. ( to) sth. that is bound to happen will almost certainly happen 一定的；几乎肯定的e.g. The weather is bound to get better tomorrow.明天的天气肯定更好。9 Once the dominant pillars of universit

25、y life, the humanities now play little roles when students take their college tours. These days, labs are more vivid and compelling than libraries. (Para. 3)Meaning: The humanities that once dominated university life now play a trivialrole when students have their college visits; nowadays, labs are

26、more eye-catching and fascinating than libraries.Meaning beyond words: Libraries were once the only place where students spent much time reading materials, doing research and writing papers. However, as more students are taking science courses, labs where students do scientific experiments play a mo

27、re important role for learning than traditional libraries.dominant: a. more important, powerful, or successful than the other people or things of the same type 有优势的；占统治地位的e.g. Unemployment rate will be the dominant issue at the next president election. 失业率将是下次总统选举中的主要话题。pillar: n. C1) a very importa

28、nt part of a system of beliefs or ideas （信仰或思想）非常重要的部分e.g. Equality is one of the pillars of a stable society. 平等是一个稳定社会的支柱之一。2) a thick strong upright post that supports part of a building 柱子；支柱e.g. Eight massive stone pillars supported the roof. 八根巨大的石柱支撑起房顶。compel: vt. force sb. to do sth. 强迫；迫使e

29、.g. As a school boy, he was compelled to wear shorts even in winter. 当他还是一个在校的小男孩时，即使在冬天他也被迫穿短裤。Usage NOTE compel, oblige, force这三个词都有“强迫”之意，但程度不同。1 compel 表示“强迫；迫使”，指“运用权力、力量迫使对方做某事”，尤其在被动语态中含“别无他法；不得不做”之意，compel的意义比force弱。例：His illness compelled him to stay in bed. 他的病迫使他卧床休息。2 oblige 表示“强制；不得不”，指

30、“因法律、道义、习俗或许诺的约束而必须去做某事”，多用被动语态，语气相对较弱。例：We are obliged to stop the car at a red light. 我们遇到红灯时必须停车。3 force 表示“强迫；迫使；逼迫”，指“以暴力威胁、武力强迫对方做某事”，后面跟的动作常是不情愿做的事，force的语气比compel和oblige强。例：The poor peasant was forced to sell his daughter to the landlord. 那位贫穷的农民被迫将自己的女儿卖给地主。compelling: a. interesting or exc

31、iting enough to keep your attention completely 有强烈吸引力的；引人入胜的e.g. Steve Jobslife makes a compelling story. 史蒂夫乔布斯的一生是一个引人入胜的故事。10 Here, please allow me to stand up for and promote the true value that the humanities add to peoples lives. (Para. 4)Meaning: I here ask for your permission to let me defen

32、d and advertise the true value that the humanities bring to peoples lives.stand up for: support or defend a person or an idea when they are being attacked 支持；保卫；维护e.g. Mary stood up for me at the meeting, sparing me some embarrassment. 玛丽在会议上支持了我，使我免受了一些尴尬。promote: vt. support or encourage sth. 支持；鼓励；提倡e.g. To acknowledge other cultures will promote good will among people of different back