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高考维升素22
高考维“升”素22——体育运动
（时间：
30分钟分值：
56分）
维A阅读理解（每题2分，满分8分）
（2012·江西卷）BigBrothersBigSistersisbasedonthesimplicityandpoweroffriendship.Itisaprogramwhichprovidesfriendshipandfunbymatchingvulnerable_young_people（ages7～17）withavolunteeradultwhocanbebotharolemodelandasupportivefriend.
Volunteertutorscomefromallwalksoflife—married，single，withorwithoutchildren.BigBrothersandBigSistersarenotreplacementparentsorsocialworkers.Theyaretutors：
someonetotrust，tohavefunwith，totalkandgotowhenneeded.
ABigSisterandLittleSisterwillgenerallyspendbetweenoneandfourhourstogetherthreeorfourtimeseachmonthforatleasttwelvemonths.Theyenjoysimpleactivitiessuchasapicnicatapark，cooking，playingsportorgoingtoafootballmatch.Theseactivitiesimprovethefriendshipandhelptheyoungpersondeveloppositiveself respect，confidenceandlifedirection.
BigBrothersBigSistersorganizationsexistthroughouttheworld.Itisthelargestandmostwell knownprovideroftutorservicesinternationallyandhasbeenoperatingfor25years.
EmilyandSarahhavebeenmatchedsinceMarch2008.Emilyisa10 year oldgirlwhohasexperiencedsomedifficultiesbeingacceptedbyherschoolmatesatschool.“Iwasprettysuretherewassomethingwrongwithme.”
Emily'smumcameacrossBigBrothersBigSistersandthoughtitwouldbeofbenefittoEmilyby“providingdifferentfeedback（反馈）aboutherselfotherthanjustrelyingonschoolmatestomeasureherself worth.”
Sarahwantedtogetinvolvedinavolunteerprogram.“Igoogleditandfoundouthowtobeapartofit.Ithoughtitwouldbefunformetogetinvolvedinmakingtimetodosomethingbecausesometimesit'sallworkandnoplay.”
BigBrothersBigSistershasbeenofgreatbenefitandenjoymenttobothEmilyandSarah.TheyloveandlookforwardtotheirtimetogetherandthepartnershiphascertainlyhelpedEmilybemorecomfortableinbeingthewonderful，happyanduniquegirlsheis!
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了BigBrothersBigSisters这一活动的具体事宜及一些志愿者的反映。
1．WhatistheaimofBigBrothersBigSisters?
A．Toofferstudentspublicservices.
B．Tohelpstudentsimprovetheirgrades.
C．Toorganizesportactivitiesforyoungpeople.
D．Toprovidepartnershipandfunforyoungpeople.
答案 D [考查细节理解。
从第一段的“Itisaprogramwhichprovidesfriendshipandfunbymatchingvulnerableyoungpeople（ages7～17）withavolunteeradultwhocanbebotharolemodelandasupportivefriend.”可知，这是一个成人志愿者给感情上脆弱的年轻人提供友谊和快乐的项目。
]
2．Avolunteerisusuallyexpectedtoworkwithinayearforatleast________.
A．24hoursB．36hours
C．48hoursD．72hours
答案 B [考查推理判断。
从第三段的第一句可知，志愿者们和这些年轻人每个月都会碰面三四次，每次都在一到四个小时之间，所以他们一年最少也会碰面36个小时。
]
3．AccordingtoEmily'smother，thisprogrammayprovideEmilywith________.
A．advicefromherteachers
B．anewwaytoassessherself
C．anewwaytojudgeherschoolmates
D．morecommentsfromherschoolmates
答案 B [考查推理判断。
从第六段的内容可知，Emily的妈妈认为Emily可以通过不同的反馈而不是只依靠同学们来估量自我价值。
]
4．WhydidSarahwanttogetinvolvedintheprogram?
A．Sheusedtobeavolunteer.
B．Sheneededapart timejob.
C．Shefeltabitboredwithherlife.
D．Shewantedtogetachallengingjob.
答案 C [考查细节理解。
从第七段的“Ithoughtitwouldbefunformetogetinvolvedinmakingtimetodosomethingbecausesometimesit'sallworkandnoplay.”可知，有时候只工作，不娱乐，这让Sarah感到生活乏味，这是她参加这个项目的原因。
]
维B完形填空（每题1.5分，满分30分）
选材网站：
http：
//
高考曾用材料：
2011北京卷完形填空
选材相似度：
★★★★
设题相似度：
★★★
难度系数：
★★★★★
Beingahighschoolcoach，IdidallIcouldtohelpmyboyswinthegames.I__1__ashardforvictoryastheydid.Adramatic__2__，however，followingagameinwhichIofficiatedasareferee，__3__myperspectiveonvictoriesanddefeats.Iwas__4__aleaguechampionshipbasketballgameinNewRochelle，NewYork，betweenNewRochelleandYonkersHigh.
NewRochellewas__5__byDanO'Brien，YonkersbyLesBeck.Thegymwasfully__6__tocapacity，andthevolumeofnoisemadeit__7__tohear.Thegamewaswellplayedand__8__competed.YonkerswasleadingbyonepointasI__9__therewerebut30secondslefttoplay.
Yonkers，in__10__oftheball，passedoff—shot—missed.NewRochellerecovered—pushedtheballupcourt—shot.Theball__11__tantalizinglyaroundtheedgeandoff.Thefansshrieked.
NewRochelle，thehometeam，__12__theballagain，tappingitinforwhatlookedlike__13__.Thenoisewasdeafening.Fromtheclock，Irealizedthegamewas__14__.Ihadn'theardthefinalbuzzerbecauseofthenoise.
Seekinghelpinthisdisorder，I__15__thetimekeeper，ayoungmanof17orso.Hesaid，Mr.Covino，thebuzzerrangastheballrolledofftherim__16__thefinaltap inwasmade.
Iwasintheunenviable__17__ofhavingtotellCoachO'Brienthesadnews.“Dan，”Isaid，“Yonkers__18__thegame.”Hisfacecloudedover.Theyoungtimekeepercameup，saying，“Sorry，Dad，__19__ranoutbeforethefinalbasketwastappedin.”__20__likethesuncomingoutfrombehindacloud，CoachO'Brien'sfacelitup，“That'sokay，Joe，myson，youdidwhatyouhadtodo.I'mproudofyou.”
Note：
officiatevt.行使
【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。
“我”是一名教练，可在一次比赛中所发生的事情让“我”印象深刻。
1．A.playedB．thoughtC．rootedD．studied
答案 C [从前一句可知，作者是球队的教练，因此选C。
rootfor表示“全力支持”。
]
2．A.accidentB．eventC．occurrenceD．incident
答案 D [adramaticincident意为“戏剧性的小事”。
accident指“突发的事故”；event指“大事”；occurrence指“异常情况”。
]
3．A.changedB．provedC．continuedD．supported
答案 A [从最后一段可知，CoachO'Brien对球赛的胜败态度的转变也影响了作者自己。
]
4．A.playingB．refereeingC．watchingD．explaining
答案 B [B项照应了前一句中的提示“referee”。
]
5．A.coachedB．actedC．surroundedD．shocked
答案 A [从最后一段可知，DanO'Brien是NewRochelle的教练，应选A。
]
6．A.untreatedB．unsafeC．crowdedD．legal
答案 C [考查形容词的用法。
根据上下文可以推断体育馆的人很多，选C。
untreated意为“未处理的”；unsafe意为“不安全的”；legal意为“合法的”。
]
7．A.surprisingB．impossibleC．excitingD．timely
答案 B [从前一空和“noise”可推知B比较合理。
]
8．A.continuouslyB．closelyC．easilyD．happily
答案 B [从后一句可知，双方几乎势均力敌，所以选B。
]
9．A.discoveredB．remainedC．accessedD．added
答案 A [当作者发现“Yonkerswasleadingbyonepoint”的时候还剩30秒比赛结束。
A项符合题意。
]
10．A.searchB．prideC．honourD．possession
答案 D [本题考查的是词组inpossessionof，意为“控制”，是“passedoff—shot—missed”这一系列动作的前提。
]
11．A.ranB．rolledC．walkedD．wandered
答案 B [球投到篮里的时候，是roll（滚动）比较合乎题意。
]
12．A.refusedB．removedC．recoveredD．examined
答案 C [根据“NewRochellerecovered—pushedtheballupcourt—shot.”可知答案应该是C。
]
13．A.failureB．victoryC．mistakeD．bravery
答案 B [B项既照应了上文“tapin”（托进或拨进篮筐），也照应了下面的“astheballrolledofftherim__16__thefinaltap inwasmade”，故选B。
]
14．A.overB．lastC．dilemmaD．unfair
答案 A [从下面可知，球赛应该over（结束），但没听到当时停止的信号。
]
15．A.enteredB．leftC．approachedD．seperated
答案 C [到计时员那儿去问，所以应该是approach（走近）。
]
16．A.ifB．beforeC．andD．after
答案 B [从下文可以推知，哨声是在最后一个进球之前吹响的，应选B。
]
17．A.situationB．positionC．conditionD．state
答案 B [由于作者是裁判，再加上胜败已成定局，此时处于不值得羡慕的位置，故选B。
situation指“形势”；condition指“条件”；state指“状况”。
]
18．A.wonB．lostC．defeatedD．loss
答案 A [根据上下文可知赢了比赛，应选A。
]
19．A.wayB．moneyC．strengthD．time
答案 D [句意是“在最后一个球投中之前时间就已经到了”，所以应选D。
]
20．A.ActuallyB．LuckilyC．FinallyD．Suddenly
答案 D [因为CoachO'Brien的态度是在儿子的几句话后快速改变的，因此D比较符合语境。
]
维C阅读理解（每题2分，满分8分）
选材网站：
http：
//
高考曾用材料：
2012广东卷D篇
选材相似度：
★★★★
设题相似度：
★★★
难度系数：
★★★★
Mankindevolvedtopossessthefight or flightstressresponse，allowingustosurviveinadangerousworld.Yetintoday'sman madejungle，ithasbecomeoneofourgreatestkillers.
Evensimpletasks，suchasdrivingtowork，areoftencompoundedbyemotionalresponses:
expletiveshurled，fistsshakeninangerandaggressivethreatsmadetowardotherdrivers.Weforgettoturnoffournatureandinsteadallowstress，angerandfrustrationtotakephysicalcontrolofourbodies.
WhyStress，AngerandFrustrationareProblematic
Theproblemwithstressandangerinthemodernworldisthatmoststressfulorfrustratingscenariesdonotrequireanactivephysicalresponse.Therearenolionsortigerstoescape，onlyimaginaryones.Ourinactivityinthefaceofstressorfrustrationcausesmostofusnottorecognizethatourfight or flightresponsesystemhasbeenstarted.Ourbodiesoftenexistinastateofconstantpanic，andthechemicalsandhormonesreleasedintothebloodbecometoxic，resultinginheartdisease，arthritis，osteoporosis，diabetesandcertaincancers.The_biological_response_that_has_helped_to_keep_us_from_becoming_prey_for_thousands_of_years_is_now_preying_upon_us.
HowtoKeepStress，AngerandFrustrationfromKillingYou
Thefirstthingtodointhebattleagainststressandangeristorecognizethem.Recognizingtriggersandphysicalresponsestostressfulsituationscanhelpyoureducethem.Onceyourecognizethatastressfulsituationhastriggeredaphysiologicalresponse，thebestwaytobringthebodybackintoahomeostatic_stateisthroughphysicalactivity.Walking，running，biking，jumpingoranyenergeticactivitywillhelpbringthebodybackintoequilibrium.Whileitmayseemstrangetodo100jumpingjacksafterastressfulmeetingorgoforajogaftergettingintoanargumentwithyourwife，itcansaveyourlife.Itonlyfeelsunnaturalbecauseourenvironmentisunnatural.Don'tletstress，angerorfrustrationeatatyou.Fightbackthroughexercise.
Notes：
①frustrationn．挫折 ②equilibriumn．平衡
长短句分析：
Ourbodiesoftenexistinastateofconstantpanic，andthechemicalsandhormonesreleasedintothebloodbecometoxic，resultinginheartdisease，arthritis，osteoporosis，diabetesandcertaincancers.
句法点睛：
and前后为顺承关系，resulting是动名词形式作结果状语。
句意：
我们的身体常常处于一种持续的恐慌状态，这使得化学物质和释放入血液中的荷尔蒙变得有毒，从而导致心脏病、关节炎、骨质疏松症、糖尿病和某些癌症。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了面对压力、愤怒和挫折，人们最佳的应对方法——进行体育活动。
1．Whichofthefollowingisn'tmentionedinthepassageastheexpressionofemotionalresponseduringdrivingtowork?
A．Expletiveshurled.
B．Sweatallover.
C．Fistsshakeninanger.
D．Aggressivethreats.
答案 B [细节理解题。
由第二段第一句“Evensimpletasks，suchasdrivingtowork，areoftencompoundedbyemotional
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