初中英语中考复习定语从句知识点精讲练习.docx
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初中英语中考复习定语从句知识点精讲练习
定语从句讲解(包含各种特殊情况对比,题目都是易错题)
1)定语从句的基本概念:
定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句,起形容词作用,也称为形容词性从句。
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,定语从句一般紧跟先行词。
定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词引导,关系词在定语从句中充当一个成分,并在含义上替代先行词。
Themanismycousin.Hecametoseemethismorning.
替换:
Themanwhocametoseemethismorningismycousin.
先行词关系代词在定语中做主语,不可省略↖定语从句
2)关系词:
①关系代词(指人/指物/表所有格);
A.指人的关系代词:
who,做主语或宾语;
whom,只做宾语;
that,做主语或宾语(但指代人称并充当从句主语时,通常用who)
Heisastudent.Weshouldlearnfromhim.
替换:
Heisastudent(who,whom,that)weshouldlearnfrom.
关系代词充当从句主语时,不能省略,充当宾语时,可以省略。
B.指物的关系代词:
which,做主语或宾语;
that,做主要或宾语;
Hesentmeapresentlastnight.Thepresentisamicewatch.
替换:
Thepresent(which,that)hesentmelastnightisanicewatch.
关系代词充当从句主语时,不能省略,充当宾语时,可以省略。
C.表所有格的关系代替:
指某人的或某物的:
whose,做先行词的所有格
Isthereanyone?
HernameisLinda.
替换:
IsthereanyonewhosenameisLinda?
②关系副词(时间/地点/原因)。
A.where指地点,充当地点状语
Thisistheplace.Wespentourchildhoodinthatplace.
替换:
Thisistheplace(which/that)wespendourchildhoodin.
Thisistheplaceinwhichwespentourchildhood.
Thisistheplacewherewespentourchildhood.
B.when指时间,充当时间状语
He’llalwaysremembertheday.Hisgrandmapassedawayonthatday.
替换:
He’llalwaysremembertheday(which/that)hisgrandmapassedawayon.
He’llalwaysrememberthedayonwhichhisgrandmapassedaway.
He’llalwaysrememberthedaywhenhisgrandmapassedaway.
C.why指原因,充当原因状语
Thisisthereason.Theywerelateforthemeetingbecauseofthereason.
替换:
Thisisthereasonwhytheywerelateforthemeeting.
③准关系代词as
such……as引导定语从句……,
so/such……that……如此……以致于……引导结果状语从句
thesame……as(相似物)/that(同一物)……
ThisisthesamebagasIlostyesterday.(相似物)
ThisisthesamebagthatIlostyesterday.(同一物)
as……as…….
Suchpeopleaswerementionedbyhimwerehonest.(as在定语从句中做主语)
I’veneverseensuchaclevermanasheis.(as在定语从句中做表语)
Ilikethesamebookasyoudo.(as在定语从句中做宾语)
Ishalldoitinthesamewayasyoudid.(as在定语从句中做状语)
Heisasdiligentamanaseverlived.(as在定语从句中做主语)
先行词是一句话或一句话的一部分时,关系代词可用which或as,但which不能放句首,as可放在句首,句中,句末,有“正如”的意思
Asisknowntoall,heisthebeststudentinourclass.(as在定语从句中做主语)
Hecamelateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.
3)限定性与非限定性定语从句
A)限制性定语从句:
是用来限制所修饰对象的意义,不能被拿掉,如果拿掉,余下的部分的意义就会不清楚;
Themanwhospokeattheparents’meetingjustnowisJohn’sfather.
B)非限制性定语从句:
是对所修饰的词作进一步说明,仅起补充作用,拿掉他,其他部分仍然清楚。
非限制性定语从句通常与主句之间用“,”隔开,限制性定语从句与主句关系密切,不用“,”隔开。
John,whosefatherisawriter,worksinBeijing.
ThebookwaswrittenbyLuXun,whowasagreatwriter.
4)注意要点
A)只能用that,不能用which(who):
1、当先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时。
2、当先行词是anything,everything,nothing时(something用which,that都可以)。
3、当先行词被all,only,very,any,just,no,much等词修饰时。
4、当先行词既指人又指物时。
5、当句子中已有who指认时。
6、当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。
B)不能用that
1、非限制性定语从句
2、在介词后面不能用that
C)先行词是place,time,reason
1、当先行词是place(或其他表示地点的词)
Thisisthefamousplacewhere(atwhich)thekingusedtomeethisministers.
Thisisthefamousplacewhich/that/Xwevisitedlastyear.
注意:
看先行词在从句中充当什么成分,充当状语用where,充当主语或宾语用which
2、当先行词是time(或其他表示时间的词)
October1isthedaywhen(onwhich)thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.
Iwillneverforgetthedayswhich/that/XIspendwithmystudents.
3、当先行词是reason
Thisisthereasonwhyhewaslatethismorning.
Thisisthereasonwhich/thatmayexplainhisabsence.
D)介词+which与where,when的转化;介词+whom;
Thehotelwheretheystayedtheotherdaywasn’tveryclean.
Thehotelinwhichtheystayedtheotherdaywasn’tveryclean.
Hewillalwaysrememberthedaywhenhebroketheworldrecord.
Hewillalwaysrememberthedayonwhichhebroketheworldrecord.
ThewomantowhomIspokejustnowismyEnglishteacher.
Thewomanwho(whom)IspoketojustnowismyEnglishteacher.
E)有些介词短语有固定搭配意思的不能随意搬动
Thebaby(who)mymotherislookingafterismyyoungerbrother.
F)theway作先行词,定语从句用that,inwhich或省略。
Thatistheway_that/inwhich/X_hespoke.
G)定语从句的谓语动词的用法
I,whoamyourbestfriend,willdoeverythingforyou.
Tomisoneoftheboystudentsinourclasswhoareoftenlate.
Tomisthe(only)oneoftheboystudentsinourclasswhoisoftenlate.
H)定语从句中的插入语
Heistheteacher,whoIthinkwillbeourclassteachernextyear.
Ithink,everybodybelieves,Isuppose等插入语,在考虑用什么关系代词和关系副词时,可暂时不看,以免受迷惑。
I)区分定语从句和并列句
Ihavetwouncles,bothofwhomareengineers.(非限制性定语从句)
Ihavetwouncles,andbothofthemareengines.(并列句)
J)区分定语从句和强调句
ItwasthestreetwhereImetmyteacher.定语从句
Itwasinthestreetthat(where错)Imetmyteacher.强调句
K)修饰先行词eachtime,eachday
修饰先行词eachtime,eachday,everytime,everyday,thefirsttime,theminute,themoment,thesecond,theinstant的方法如下:
Eachtime(不需关系代词或关系副词)Isawhim,hewashappy.(定语从句/状语从句)
L)whoever,whatever,whichever,whenever,wherever
whoever=anyonewho=nomatterwho
whatever/whichever=anythingthat=nomatterwhat(which)
whenever=in/on/atwhatevertimethat=nomatterwhen
whenever=in/at/towhateverplacethat=nomatterwhere
whoever,whatever,whichever可引导状语从句或相当于定语从句的句子
whenever,wherever可引导状语从句或相当于定语从句的句子中替代状语
Whoever(nomatterwho)breaksthelaw,hemustbepunished.(状语从句)
Whoever(anyonewho)breaksthelawmustbepunished.(主语从句)相当于定语从句
Wemustpunishwhoever(anyonewho)breaksthelaw.(宾语从句)相当于定语从句
Whereveryouwanttogo,youmaygo.(状语从句)
Youmaygowherever(towhateverplacethat)youwanttogo.(状语从句)相当于定语从句
练习题:
1.Isthereabararound_______Icanhavesomethingtoeat?
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where
2.Thehouse,_________wasdestroyedintheterriblefire,hasbeenrepaired.
A.theroofofwhichB.whichroofC.itsroofD.theroof
3.Edisonmadealotofinventions,_________ofgreatimportance.
A.whichIthinkareB.whichIthinktheyareC.whichIthinktheyD.Ithinkwhichare
4.I‘lltalkaboutanewly-openedmarket_______youmaygetall________youneed.
A.inwhich,whichB.where,thatC.where,whatD.which,that
5.Canyoulendmethenovel________theotherday?
A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutitC.whichyoutalkedwithD.youtalkedthat
6.______ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolisincreasing.
A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.It
7.Thefenceinourgarden,________myfatherbuiltmanyyearsago,haslastedforalongtime.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.where
8.Whenlostinwork,_________heoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingandsleeping.
A.whatB.soC.justlikeD.as
9.Afootballfan(球迷)is________hasastronginterestinfootball.
A.athingthatB.somethingthatC.apersonthatD.what
10.WetravelledtogetherasfarasChicago,_______wesaidgoodbyetoeachother.
A.whichB.whenC.whyD.where
11.Thematter______youwerearguingaboutlastnighthasbeensettled.
A.thatB.whatC.whyD.where
12.Willyoupleaseshowmethewaytotheonlytallbuilding_______standsnearthepostoffice?
A./B.inwhichC.thatD.where
13.Hissisterhadbecomeateacher________waswhathewantedtobe.
A.whoB.whatC.thatD.which
14.Withthedevelopmentofagriculture,thepeople_________villageItaughtbeforehavelivedahappylife.
A.whoB.whoseC.inwhoseD.inwhich
15.Ihopeyouwillfindthisvalleyabeautifulplace________youmayspendyourweekend.
A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where
16.HemustbefromAfrica,_________canbeseenfromhisskin.
A.thatB.asC.itD.what
17.Boththegirlandherdog________werecrossingthestreetwerehitbyacomingcar.
A.whichB.whoC.theyD.that
18.I,_______yourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.
A.whichareB.whichisC.whoisD.whoam
19.Isthisjustthecity________theforeignguestswishtopayavisit_________.
A.which,toB.towhich,/C.that,toD.tothat,/
20.It’soneofthemostinterestingstories_______Ihave______read.
A.which,neverB.that,everC.that,neverD.which,ever
21.OnmywayhomeinthestreetIsawalady______Ithoughtwasyouraunt.
A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose
22.Irememberthat________tookpartintheballpartyhadawonderfultime.
A.allB.allthatC.allwhichD.allwhat
23.Thisisthelargestclockintheworld,_______theminutehandissixmetreslong.
A.thatB.ofwhichC.whichD.whose
24.Chinaisthebirthplaceofkites,________kiteflyingspreadtoJapan,Korea,ThailandandIndia.
A.fromthatB.fromwhereC.fromthereD.fromhere
25.______isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.
A.itB.AsC.ThatD.What
26.Who________hascommonsensewilldosuchathing?
A.whichB.whoC.whomD.that
27.Alltheapples________felldownwereeatenbythepigs.
A.thatB.thoseC.whichD.where
28.Theyaskedhimtotellthemeverything_________hesawatthefront.
A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where
29.I’lltellyou_________hetoldmelastnight.
A.allwhichB.allwhatC.thatallD.all
30.Achild________parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.
A.whoB.who’sC.whoseD.which
31.Isthismuseum_________youvisitedtheotherday?
A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone
32.Isthisthemuseum________someGermanfriendsvisitedlastWednesday?
A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone
33.–Howdoyoulikethebook?
--It’squitedifferentfrom_________Ireadlastmonth.
A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat
34.Whichsentenceiswrong?
A.ThefingerIdippedintothecupwasnottheoneIputitintomymouth.
B.Doyouknowtheboywhojumpedontotheplatform.
C.Scienceandnewtechnologyhavemadeitpossibleforfarmerstoproducemorefoodonthesameamountofland.
D.Peopleinancienttimestookitforgrantedthatthesunmovedroundtheearth.
35.Thetrain_______shewastravelingwaslate.
A.whichB.wh