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unit1

四级练习

（一）考试时间：

90分钟满分：

73分

Part1SkimmingandScanning

Directions:

Readthefollowingpassageandthenanswerthequestions.Forquestions1-7,chooseY（YES）ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage,chooseN（NO）ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage,chooseNG（NOTGIVEN）iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

Questions1to10arebasedonthesamepassageordialog.

TheRealDangerofSharks（鲨鱼）

Withrowafterrowofsharp,whiteteeth,amouthaswideasitsbodyandanelectricalsixthsensetotrackdownitsvictims,sharksareeasilyseenasthemostfrighteningcreatureoftheseaformostpeople.

Muchofthatfearisunreasonable,however.Humansjustaren'tonthemenuofmostsharks.

GeorgeBurgessdirectstheInternationalSharkAttackFile（档案，案卷）,thebiggestlistingofsharkattacksintheworld.Hesaysevenwithmillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldsplashingaroundatthebeach,swimminginthesea,divingdownintotheocean,andfishingnearsharks,thereareusuallyfewerthan75sharkattackseachyear.

Humansaren'tonthemenu

Thefactisthatifalltypesofsharkswereinterestedingrabbinghumanbeings,Iwouldn'tbetalkingabout75attacksayear.I'dbetalkingthousandsandthousands,"Burgesssays."InFloridaifyouflyinanairplanealongtheshoreline,you'llseesharksswimminginandamongstpeopleonaday-to-daybasis,withoutproblems."

Althoughtheyarenotcommon,sharkattacksdohappenandNorthAmericagetsmorethanitsfairshare.Inasurveyofsharkattackstakenfor2000,theUnitedStatesexperienced51oftheyear's79attacksrecordedworldwide.MostoftheUSattacksoccurredinFloridawherethebeach-goingpopulationislarge.

The2000statisticsrepresentsthemostattackseverrecordedinthepast40yearsthatresearchershavebeenkeepingtrackof.Therewere10deathsin2000:

threeinAustralia,twoinTanzania,andoneeachinFiji,Japan,NewGuinea,NewCaledoniaandtheUnitedStates.For1997,theInternationalSharkAttackFilelists56unprovokedsharkattacks.MorethanhalfofthosetookplaceinNorthAmericanwatersand10resultedindeath.

UnprovokedsharkattacksinCanadaareveryuncommon,buttheydohappenaswell.Theearliestsharkattackeverrecordedtherehappenedin1851andinvolvedahalf-meter-longsharkwithalongtail.Amorerecentattack,in1987,probablyinvolvedadifferentsortofsharkthatiscommontothemid-Atlantic.SharkAttackFilerecordsindicatethatbothoftheseattackswereprovoked.Burgesssaystwocommonwaysofprovokingasharkarepullingonitstailandremovingafishhookfromitsmouth.

TherehavebeenonlytwounprovokedsharkattacksinCanadianwaters,thefirstonebeingin1972offVancouverIsland,PortHardy,"hesays."Theotheronewasin1977.AdiveroffthecoastofNewfoundlandapparentlywasbittenbyablueshark.That'stheonlyonethat,bymostpeople'sdefinition,wouldreallybeconsidereda'sharkattack'."Fortunately,therehavebeennodeathsthere.

Caseofmistakenidentity

Ifsharksdon'tnormallyattackhumans,whydotheycomeafterusatall?

Burgesssaystheanswerissimple:

sharksmakemistakes.

Sharksoftengrabpeopleintheheatofbattle.They'refightingthecurrentsandbreakingwaves.Theyprobablymakequickdecisionsandgoafterwhattheythinkisafishanddiscoverthatit'sahumanfoot."

Butmostsharksquicklyrealizetheirmistakeandletgo."Noanimalwithabrainwouldattacksomethingtwiceitssize.Sotheseareclearlycaseswherethesharkhasmadeamistake."

Unfortunately,evenifmistakeshappen,theresultscanstillbedeadly（致命的）.Theteethofevenasmallsharkcandoatremendousamountofdamagetopeopleand,ifnottreatedimmediately,avictimcanbleedtodeath.

Manbitesshark

Despitetheincreaseinthenumberofreportedsharkattacks,thenumberofsharksintheworld'soceansisactuallydecreasing."Therealstoryisn't'Sharkbitesman',"Burgesssays."It's'Manbitesshark'.We'reknockingoffsharksallovertheworld,insomecasesseverely."Infact,heestimateshumanskillabout300,000sharkseachyearforeveryoneofusthatdiesfollowingasharkattack.Thisisaroughestimate,accordingtosomeotherresearchers,whosuggestthesharkdeathcountis70millioneveryyear,bynetcatchalone.

Most,butnotall,sharksdieinfishingnets,unintendedvictimsofourhungerforseafood.In1998,agreatwhitesharkwaswasheduponaSouthAfricanbeach.Scientistssayitwasprobablysickanddying.Butalmostimmediately,frightenedbeach-goerssetinonthe4.4-tonanimalwithanythingheavythattheycouldputtheirhandson.Inminutes,theybeatthesharktodeath.Burgessasksforunderstandingofthesharks,askingpeopletorecognizetheoceansasaforeignandthreateningplace,wheresharkssimplyruleaskingofthefoodchain.

Dangerofdivingwithsharks

Eventhoughoneofthebestwaystogettoknowsharksistodiveamongthem,Burgesssayshedoesn'tliketheideaofeco-tourism（生态旅游）operatorsfeedingsharksaroundgroupsofeagerdivers.Thefeedingshowsdisturbthedistribution（分发，分配）ofsharksaroundtheocean.Theyeventrainthefishtoassociatediversandtheirboatswithfreefood.That'sjustplaindangerousforeveryotherdiveroutthere.

Worstofall,hefearsforthesharksthemselvesifapersoniseverinjuredatoneofthesevideo-camera-happytouristtraps.

Youknowwhat'sgoingtohappen.Thatvideoandthosestillsaregoingtohitthepress,they'regoingtohiteveryTVshow,andthey'regoingtomakeeverynewspaper.Andyouknowwho'sgoingtobethebadguyinallthat.Thesharksaregoingtobeblamed.Themovieimageofthekillersharksisgoingtobereinforced."

Withsharkpopulationsshrinkinginmanypartsoftheworld,that'sthelastthingthisbeautifuloceancreatureneeds.

1.Mostpeoplethinkofsharksasthemostfrighteninganimalofthesea.

A.Y

B.N

C.NG

2.Sharksoftentakepeopleasfood,soitisreasonableforpeopletofearthem.

A.Y

B.N

C.NG

3.GeorgeBurgessfliesaboveFloridabeacheseverydayandseessharksswimmingnearpeople.

A.Y

B.N

C.NG

4.TherearemorereportsofsharkattacksintheUSthaninanyothercountry.

A.Y

B.N

C.NG

5.InCanada,it'scommonforsomeonetobeattackedwithoutprovokingashark.

A.Y

B.N

C.NG

6.Whensharksattackpeople,it'susuallybecausetheyhavemadeamistake.

A.Y

B.N

C.NG

7.Mostoften,sharksquicklyletgoofapersonaftertheyhavebittenhim.

A.Y

B.N

C.NG

8.Burgessaskspeopletounderstandsharksasthekingofanoceanthatis.

9.Becauseofthefeedingshowsofeco-tourismoperators,sharksassociatediverswith.

10.Theideaofakillersharkisathatisreinforcedbyreportsofsharkattacks.

Part2UnderstandingShortConversations

Directions:

Inthissectionyou'llhearsomeshortconversations.Listencarefullyandchoosethebestanswertothequestionsyouhear.

11.

A.Sheisnothonest.

B.Hersonhasgraduatedallonhisown.

C.Hersonisnothonest.

D.Shehasdonealottohelpherson.

12.

A.Themanislookingforaplacetolivein.

B.Themanhasahouseforrent.

C.Thewomanisasecretary.

D.Thetwospeakersareoldfriends.

13.

A.Hewantedtoseethenextshow.

B.Hebegantofeelhungry.

C.Hewasn'tthinkingabouttheshow.

D.Hewantedtogetfoodforher.

14.

A.Thewomancamewithhim.

B.Thedayissunnyandbeautiful.

C.Herememberedtojointhewoman.

D.Hehasnothingtodoonthisday.

15.

A.Themandoesn'tlikelaughing.

B.Themanistryingtoslowdown.

C.Themanisrunningtooslowly.

D.Themanisrunningtoofast.

16.

A.Askherbossformoremoney.

B.Askherbosswhyshe'smakingless.

C.Seeifherbossknowsshe'smakingless.

D.Seeifthecostoflivinghaschanged.

17.

A.Inanoffice.

B.Athome.

C.Inahospital.

D.Inaclassroom.

18.

A.Husbandandwife.

B.Boyfriendandgirlfriend.

C.Motherandson.

D.Daughterandfather.

Part3UnderstandingLongConversations

Directions:

Inthissectionyou'llhearalongconversationorconversations.Listencarefullyandchoosethebestanswertothequestionsyouhear.

Questions19to23arebasedonthesamepassageordialog.

19.

A.Abookthattheyreadaboutlovingone'sfamily.

B.Aspecialoccasionthatiscomingupsoon.

C.Thewaystheywanttoacttowardtheirownfamilies.

D.Thegratitudetheyhavefortheirfamilymembers.

20.

A.Classmates.

B.Brotherandsister.

C.Motherandson.

D.Fatheranddaughter.

21.

A.Sheworkstwojobs.

B.Sheisonlytoohappytohelpothers.

C.Shecanbesillysometimes.

D.Sheknowsallaboutlove.

22.

A.Shethinksherfamilyismuchtoosillytolove.

B.Shethinksherfamilytaughtheralotaboutlove.

C.Shethinksthemanissillybecauseofwhathesays.

D.Shethinksthemanloveshisfamilymorethanothers.

23.

A.Writeabook.

B.Giveagift.

C.Sendaletter.

D.Giveaparty.

Questions24to28arebasedonthesamepassageordialog.

24.

A.Thewomanwasnotveryhappy.

B.Newsthatthehusbandwascheating.

C.Asayingaboutsmilingandcrying.

D.Areportthatmorehusbandshadgirlfriends.

25.

A.Inalawyer'soffice.

B.Inaworkplace.

C.Inthewoman'shome.

D.Intheman'shome.

26.

A.Shedoesn'tfeellikesmiling.

B.Shehastostayintheoffice.

C.Somethingiswrongwithherhead.