被动语态讲解及练习含答案.docx
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被动语态讲解及练习含答案
ThePassiveVoice被动语态
一、被动语态的构成形式
1.被动语态的基本时态变化
1)am/is/are+done(过去分词)一般现在时
2)has/havebeendone现在完成时
3)am/is/arebeingdone现在进行时
4)was/weredone一般过去时
5)hadbeendone过去完成时
6)was/werebeingdone过去进行时
7)shall/willbedone一般将来时
8)should/wouldbedone过去将来时
2.被动语态的特殊结构形式
1)带情态动词的被动结构。
其形式为:
情态动词+be+过去分词。
例Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.
2)有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。
例Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.
可改为Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.
3)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动。
例Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改为Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.4)在使役动词have,make,let以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to。
例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改为Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.
5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词+介词”,“动词+副词”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。
其中的介词或副词也不能省略。
例ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.
3.非谓语动词的被动语态ving形式及不定式todo也有被动语态。
例Idon'tlikebeinglaughedatinthepublic.
二、如何使用被动语态
1.讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者(这时可省by短语)。
例Mybikewasstolenlastnight.
2.借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。
例IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldaccepttheoffer.
3.为了更好地安排句子。
例Thewell-knownpersongotonthebusandwasimmediatelyrecognizedbypeople.(一个主语就够了)
三、Itissaidthat+从句及其他类似句型
一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+todosth.”。
有:
Itissaidthat…据说,Itisreportedthat…据报道,Itisbelievedthat…大家相信,
Itishopedthat…大家希望,Itiswellknownthat…众所周Itisthoughtthat…大家认为,Itissuggestedthat…据建议。
四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1.英语中有很多动词如break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。
例Thiskindofclothwasheswell.
注意:
主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
试比较:
Thedoorwon'tlock.(指门本身有毛病)
Thedoorwon'tbelocked.(指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁”是人的原因)
2.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,
如:
happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout等以主动形式表示被动意义。
例Howdothenewspaperscomeout这些报纸是如何印出来的呢
3.系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的系动词feel,sound,taste,look,feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
例Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.
五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义,在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。
1.在need,want,require,bear等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
例Thehouseneedsrepairing(toberepaired).这房子需要修理。
2.形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。
例Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading.(=Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead.)
3.在某些“形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。
有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。
例Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.(可看作toworkout省略了forme).
4.在too…to…结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。
例Thisbookistooexpensive(forme)tobuy.
被动语态练习及答案
1、()1ThePeople'sRepublicofChina__onOctober1,1949.
A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound
()2English____inCanada.
A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken
()3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.
A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung
()4Thiskindofcar___inJapan.
A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade
()5Newcomputers___allovertheworld.
A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused
2、()1Ourroommust___clean.
A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep
()2-I'dliketobuythat'msorry.___.
A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold
()3Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.
A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding
()4Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.
A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft
()5Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.
A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed
()6Hisnewbook___nextmonth.
A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished
3
()1Japanese___ineverycountry.
A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking
()2Thesepapers___yet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten
()3Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.
A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't
4
()1-Myshoesarewornout.
A.Can'ttheybemendedB.Letmehavealookatit.
C.HowmuchdotheycostD.Can'ttheymended
()2___thewatchbeenrepairedyetIbadlyneedit.
A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are
()3___thesedesksbeneeded
A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do
5
()1Why___totalkaboutityesterday
A.didn'tameetingholdB.wasn'tameetingheld
C.wasn'theldameetingD.ameetingwasn'theld
()2Whowasthebook___
A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby
()3Where___theseboxesmade
A.wasB.wereC.isD.am
6
()1Theflowers___often.
A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater
()2Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.
A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow
()3Thebrokenbike____herebyMrSmith.
A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemended
7
()1Theoldbridgeinmyhometown___nextmonth.
A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuiltC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.aregoingtorebuilt
()2Theplay___atthetheatrenextSunday.
A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown
()3Theoldstonebridge___nextweek
.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willberebuildC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.willrebuild
8
()1Nowthesemagazines__inthelibraryforalongtime.
A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept
()2Thepot___for___hotwater
.A.used;keepingB.wasused;keepingC.isused;tokeepD.areused;keep
()3Tea___inthesouthofChina.
A.growsB.isgrownC.weregrownD.willgrow
()4Thebridges___twoyearsago.
A.isbuiltB.builtC.werebuiltD.wasbuilt
()5Wetclothesareoften___upnearafireinrainyweather
.A.hangB.hangedC.hangingD.hung
9
()1Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust___dirtythingsintoit.
A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptothrowD.stopfromthrowing
()2Theteapot___water
.A.isfilledwithB.filledofC.fullingofD.filled
()3Oldpeoplemustbelookedafterwelland___politely.
A.speaktoB.spokenC.speakD.spokento
()4Oldpeoplemust___.
A.lookafterwellB.belookedwellafterC.lookedwellafterD.belookedafterwell
10
()1Newly-bornbabies___inhospital.
A.aretakengoodcareB.aretakengoodcareofC.takegoodcareofD.takegoodcare
()2Theywere___atthesuddennoise.
A.frighteningB.frightenedC.frightenD.frightens
()3Thesewalls___stone.
A.aremadeofB.madeof.C.aremadeintoD.madeinto
11
()1Jane___tosingusanAmericansonglastSaturday.
A.calledB.wasaskedC.toldD.wassaid
()2Thepapers___tothem.
shownB.showC.shown/D.haveshown
()3Thecoat___hersister.
A.madetoB.weremadeforC.wasmadeforD.wasmadeto
12
()1I___fiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot.
A.gaveB.wasgivingC.hadgivenD.wasgiven
()2Goodcare____such.shouldtakeofB.shouldbetakenC.shouldbetakingD.shouldbetakenof
()3Shewill____goodcare____.
A.take;ofB.betaken;ofC.take;foryouD.betaken;ofyou
13()1Theteachermadehim___hishomework.
A.todoB.doC.didD.done
()2Theboy_streetswithoutpayintheolddays.
A.wasmadetocleanB.madecleanC.madetocleanD.wasmadeclean
()3Thesechildren____dance.
A.wereseentoB.wereseenforC.wereseenD.sawto
14()1Thesestones___well.
A.arefittedB.fitC.fitsD.isfitted
()2Thebike___500yuan.
A.wascostB.costedC.costD.iscosted
()3Theimportantmeeting___onacoldmorninglastyear.
A.was'hadB.washeldC.heldD.had
15()1Greatchanges___inthepasttenyearsinChina.
A.tookplaceB.havetakenplaceC.weretakingplaceD.hadtakenplace
()2Youcan'tusethecomputer,it____.
A.wasbrokendownB.iswrongC.isbadD.hasbrokendown
()3Greatchanges___inourcountryduringthepast20years.
A.havehappenedB.happenedC.havebeenhappenedD.werehappened
()4Thewatchhasoften___down.
A.satB.lainC.brokenD.fell
16()1Pleasepassmeanothercup.Thisone___.
A.isbrokenB.isbreakingC.brokeD.broken
()2Thestorybooks___bythewriterinthe.arewrittenB.werewrittenC.arewritingD.werewriting
()3Whattime___thedoor___everyday
A.does;closedB.does;closeC.is;closedD./;close
17()1Canhe___himself
A.getdressB.getdressedC.getsdressedD.insteadof
()2Hefellfromhisbikeand___.
A.ishurtB.getshurtC.gothurtD.hurt
()3Lookout,pleasekeepawayfromthefire,oryourtrouserswill__
A.burntB.burnC.burningD.getburn
18()1Theapple___verysweet.
A.istastedB.taste-C.tastesD.aretasting
()2You___morebeautifulinthelightblueshirt.
A.seeB.watchC.lookD.lookat
()3Whatyousaid___.likeagoodidea.
A.heardB.listenedC.soundD.sounded
19
()1-WhatdoyouthinkoftheTVplay-Wonderful.Itisworth___asecondtime.
A.watchingB.watchedC.seenD.seeing
()2Howdirtythetablesare!
Theyneed___.
A.tocleanB.cleanC.cleaningD.cleaned
()3Thebookisworth___.
A.seeingB.readingC.seenD.read
参考答案:
1.1-5BDDDC2.1-6BCBBCA3.1-3ABB4.1-3ABA5.1-3BDB
6.1-3BAD7.1-3ABA8.1-5DBBCD9.1-4BADD
10.1-3BBA11.1-3BAC12.1-3DDB13.1-3BAA
14.1-4