被动语态讲解及练习含答案.docx

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被动语态讲解及练习含答案.docx

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被动语态讲解及练习含答案.docx

被动语态讲解及练习含答案

ThePassiveVoice被动语态

一、被动语态的构成形式

1.被动语态的基本时态变化

1)am/is/are+done(过去分词)一般现在时

2)has/havebeendone现在完成时

3)am/is/arebeingdone现在进行时

4)was/weredone一般过去时

5)hadbeendone过去完成时

6)was/werebeingdone过去进行时

7)shall/willbedone一般将来时

8)should/wouldbedone过去将来时

2.被动语态的特殊结构形式

1)带情态动词的被动结构。

其形式为:

情态动词+be+过去分词。

例Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.

2)有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。

例Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.

可改为Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.

3)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动。

例Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改为Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.4)在使役动词have,make,let以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to。

例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改为Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.

5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词+介词”,“动词+副词”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。

其中的介词或副词也不能省略。

例ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.

3.非谓语动词的被动语态ving形式及不定式todo也有被动语态。

例Idon'tlikebeinglaughedatinthepublic.

二、如何使用被动语态

1.讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者(这时可省by短语)。

例Mybikewasstolenlastnight.

2.借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。

例IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldaccepttheoffer.

3.为了更好地安排句子。

例Thewell-knownpersongotonthebusandwasimmediatelyrecognizedbypeople.(一个主语就够了)

三、Itissaidthat+从句及其他类似句型

一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+todosth.”。

有:

Itissaidthat…据说,Itisreportedthat…据报道,Itisbelievedthat…大家相信,

Itishopedthat…大家希望,Itiswellknownthat…众所周Itisthoughtthat…大家认为,Itissuggestedthat…据建议。

四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义

1.英语中有很多动词如break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。

例Thiskindofclothwasheswell.

注意:

主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。

试比较:

Thedoorwon'tlock.(指门本身有毛病)

Thedoorwon'tbelocked.(指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁”是人的原因)

2.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,

如:

happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout等以主动形式表示被动意义。

例Howdothenewspaperscomeout这些报纸是如何印出来的呢

3.系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的系动词feel,sound,taste,look,feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。

例Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.

五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义,在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。

1.在need,want,require,bear等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。

例Thehouseneedsrepairing(toberepaired).这房子需要修理。

2.形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。

例Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading.(=Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead.)

3.在某些“形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。

有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。

例Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.(可看作toworkout省略了forme).

4.在too…to…结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。

例Thisbookistooexpensive(forme)tobuy.

被动语态练习及答案

1、()1ThePeople'sRepublicofChina__onOctober1,1949.

A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound

()2English____inCanada.

A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken

()3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.

A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung

()4Thiskindofcar___inJapan.

A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade

()5Newcomputers___allovertheworld.

A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused

2、()1Ourroommust___clean.

A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep

()2-I'dliketobuythat'msorry.___.

A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold

()3Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.

A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding

()4Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.

A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft

()5Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.

A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed

()6Hisnewbook___nextmonth.

A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished

3

()1Japanese___ineverycountry.

A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking

()2Thesepapers___yet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten

()3Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.

A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't

4

()1-Myshoesarewornout.

A.Can'ttheybemendedB.Letmehavealookatit.

C.HowmuchdotheycostD.Can'ttheymended

()2___thewatchbeenrepairedyetIbadlyneedit.

A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are

()3___thesedesksbeneeded

A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do

5

()1Why___totalkaboutityesterday

A.didn'tameetingholdB.wasn'tameetingheld

C.wasn'theldameetingD.ameetingwasn'theld

()2Whowasthebook___

A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby

()3Where___theseboxesmade

A.wasB.wereC.isD.am

6

()1Theflowers___often.

A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater

()2Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.

A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow

()3Thebrokenbike____herebyMrSmith.

A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemended

7

()1Theoldbridgeinmyhometown___nextmonth.

A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuiltC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.aregoingtorebuilt

()2Theplay___atthetheatrenextSunday.

A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown

()3Theoldstonebridge___nextweek

.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willberebuildC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.willrebuild

8

()1Nowthesemagazines__inthelibraryforalongtime.

A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept

()2Thepot___for___hotwater

.A.used;keepingB.wasused;keepingC.isused;tokeepD.areused;keep

()3Tea___inthesouthofChina.

A.growsB.isgrownC.weregrownD.willgrow

()4Thebridges___twoyearsago.

A.isbuiltB.builtC.werebuiltD.wasbuilt

()5Wetclothesareoften___upnearafireinrainyweather

.A.hangB.hangedC.hangingD.hung

9

()1Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust___dirtythingsintoit.

A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptothrowD.stopfromthrowing

()2Theteapot___water

.A.isfilledwithB.filledofC.fullingofD.filled

()3Oldpeoplemustbelookedafterwelland___politely.

A.speaktoB.spokenC.speakD.spokento

()4Oldpeoplemust___.

A.lookafterwellB.belookedwellafterC.lookedwellafterD.belookedafterwell

10

()1Newly-bornbabies___inhospital.

A.aretakengoodcareB.aretakengoodcareofC.takegoodcareofD.takegoodcare

()2Theywere___atthesuddennoise.

A.frighteningB.frightenedC.frightenD.frightens

()3Thesewalls___stone.

A.aremadeofB.madeof.C.aremadeintoD.madeinto

11

()1Jane___tosingusanAmericansonglastSaturday.

A.calledB.wasaskedC.toldD.wassaid

()2Thepapers___tothem.

shownB.showC.shown/D.haveshown

()3Thecoat___hersister.

A.madetoB.weremadeforC.wasmadeforD.wasmadeto

12

()1I___fiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot.

A.gaveB.wasgivingC.hadgivenD.wasgiven

()2Goodcare____such.shouldtakeofB.shouldbetakenC.shouldbetakingD.shouldbetakenof

()3Shewill____goodcare____.

A.take;ofB.betaken;ofC.take;foryouD.betaken;ofyou

13()1Theteachermadehim___hishomework.

A.todoB.doC.didD.done

()2Theboy_streetswithoutpayintheolddays.

A.wasmadetocleanB.madecleanC.madetocleanD.wasmadeclean

()3Thesechildren____dance.

A.wereseentoB.wereseenforC.wereseenD.sawto

14()1Thesestones___well.

A.arefittedB.fitC.fitsD.isfitted

()2Thebike___500yuan.

A.wascostB.costedC.costD.iscosted

()3Theimportantmeeting___onacoldmorninglastyear.

A.was'hadB.washeldC.heldD.had

15()1Greatchanges___inthepasttenyearsinChina.

A.tookplaceB.havetakenplaceC.weretakingplaceD.hadtakenplace

()2Youcan'tusethecomputer,it____.

A.wasbrokendownB.iswrongC.isbadD.hasbrokendown

()3Greatchanges___inourcountryduringthepast20years.

A.havehappenedB.happenedC.havebeenhappenedD.werehappened

()4Thewatchhasoften___down.

A.satB.lainC.brokenD.fell

16()1Pleasepassmeanothercup.Thisone___.

A.isbrokenB.isbreakingC.brokeD.broken

()2Thestorybooks___bythewriterinthe.arewrittenB.werewrittenC.arewritingD.werewriting

()3Whattime___thedoor___everyday

A.does;closedB.does;closeC.is;closedD./;close

17()1Canhe___himself

A.getdressB.getdressedC.getsdressedD.insteadof

()2Hefellfromhisbikeand___.

A.ishurtB.getshurtC.gothurtD.hurt

()3Lookout,pleasekeepawayfromthefire,oryourtrouserswill__

A.burntB.burnC.burningD.getburn

18()1Theapple___verysweet.

A.istastedB.taste-C.tastesD.aretasting

()2You___morebeautifulinthelightblueshirt.

A.seeB.watchC.lookD.lookat

()3Whatyousaid___.likeagoodidea.

A.heardB.listenedC.soundD.sounded

19

()1-WhatdoyouthinkoftheTVplay-Wonderful.Itisworth___asecondtime.

A.watchingB.watchedC.seenD.seeing

()2Howdirtythetablesare!

Theyneed___.

A.tocleanB.cleanC.cleaningD.cleaned

()3Thebookisworth___.

A.seeingB.readingC.seenD.read

参考答案:

1.1-5BDDDC2.1-6BCBBCA3.1-3ABB4.1-3ABA5.1-3BDB

6.1-3BAD7.1-3ABA8.1-5DBBCD9.1-4BADD

10.1-3BBA11.1-3BAC12.1-3DDB13.1-3BAA

14.1-4

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