初中英语介词专项.docx
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初中英语介词专项
介词
一．概念：
介词用来表明名词与句中其他词的关系，介词是虚词，不能独立充当句子成分
介词短语能够充当句子成分,介词短语=介词+介词宾语（名词、宾格代词、动名词等充当）
介词的作用
介词
表地点、位置、方向的介词
above,around,at,behind,between,by,down,from,in,up,infrontof,into,onto,near,off,out,over,through,under,towards,
表时间的介词
by,in,on,over,with
其他介词
like,with,without,from,next,to
二、常用
1、in在......之内
1）表示地点，表示大地点。
She’sinChinawithhermomanddad.
2）表示时间，表示在某一个时间段内Theweatheriscoldinwinter.
3）表示颜色和语言也用介词in。
Doyouknowthegirlinred?
IcanwritethisarticleinEnglish.
2、from从......中来
1）comefromIcomefromChinaandI’mChinese.
2）downloadfromIdownloadmusicfromtheInternet.
3）bedifferentfromLily’shabitsaredifferentfromLinda’s.
3.with和，用，与
1）withsb和......人在一起 I’minClassOnewithDamingandLingling.
2）withsth.表示用某种工具Iwritewithmypen,andIseewithmyeyes.
4.at在......
1）表地点，主小地点。
MyfatherisateacheratBeijingInternationalSchool.
2）表时间，主指时间的一个点。
Igetupathalfpastseveninthemorning.
3）begoodat 擅长于...... I amgoodatreadingandwriting.
5.behind在......后面Theclassroomsarebehindtheoffices.
6.nextto 紧挨着 Thelibraryisnexttotheclassrooms.
7.infrontof在 ......前面 TheyareinfrontofTonyandDaming.
8.for为了......，因为。
。
。
。
Thankyouforyouremail.
9.on在......上，在......时
1）表示时间，表示具体的一天。
WouldyouliketogotoafootballmatchonSunday?
2）表示地点 onthefarmontheplayground
10.to自，向
1）talkto与......谈论WehaveabreakandItalktomyfriends.
2）goto去Helikesfilmsandheoftengoestothecinema.
3）welcometo欢迎到......WelcometoBeijingZoo.
4）listento听Theyalwayslistentomusic.
5）connect......to.和...连接一起 Pleaseconnectthemonitortothecomputerfirst.
三、．常用的介词的区别：
①in,to,on在方位名词前的区别
1.in表示A地在B地范围之内，如TaiwanisinthesoutheastofChina.
2.to表示A地在B地范围之外（有距离），如：
JapanliestotheeastofChina.
3.on表示A地与B地接壤、毗邻，如：
NorthKoreaisontheeastofChina.
②.at,in,on,by在表示时间上的区别
1.at指时间表示：
（1）时间的点、时刻等。
Theycamehomeatnoon（atsunrise,atmidnight,atteno’clock,atdaybreak）.
（2）较短暂的一段时间。
可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子。
HewenthomeatNewYear（atChristmas,attheSpringFestival）.
2.in指时间表示：
（1）在某个较长的时间（如世纪、年、月、季节以及泛指的上午、下午或傍晚等）内。
in2004,inMarch,inspring,inthemorning,intheevening
（2）在一段时间之后。
一般用于将来时，谓语动词为非延续性动词，意为“在……以后”。
Hewillarriveintwohours.
（3）谓语动词为延续性动词时，in意为“在……以内”。
Theseproductswillbemadeinamonth.
3.on指时间表示：
（1）具体的时日和一个特定的时间，如某日、节日、星期几等,
OnChristmasDaytherewillbeaparty.
（2）在某个特定的早晨、下午或晚上。
Hearrivedat8o’clockonthenightofFriday.
（3）准时，按时。
Ifthetraincanbeontime,Ishouldgethomebeforedark.
4.by指时间表示：
（1）不迟于，在（某时）前。
如：
Hewillcomebysixo’clock.
（2）在……间，在……的时候。
如：
Heworkedbydayandstudiedbynight.
③.near,by,beside,at表示“在……附近”时的区别
1.near表示相对的近，实际距离可能还很远。
SuzhouisnearShanghai.
2.by和beside都表示靠近，实际距离不很远，但beside比by更具体地表示出“在……旁边”的意思。
Hewassittingbesideher.Heiswalkingbytheriver.
3.at也有“在旁边”的意思，但多表示有目的的行为所处的位置，而by和beside仅表示位置关系。
如：
Thestudentsaresittingatthetablelisteningtotheteacher.
Severalstudentsaresittingby/besidethedoortalkingaboutamusic.
④.at,in和on表示地点时的区别
1.at表示地点：
（1）用于指较小的地方。
arriveat，接小地方Iwillwaitforyouatthestation.
（2）用于门牌号码前。
Helivesat11ZhongshanRoad.
2.in表示地点：
arrivein接较大地方HelivesinShanghai.
3.on表示地点，一般指与面或线接触，意为“在……上；在……旁”。
Thepicturewashangingonthewall.
⑤.besides,except,but表示“除……外”之间的区别
1.besides表示“除了……以外，还有……”，具有附加性质。
如：
Besidesxiaoming,wealsowenttoseethefilm.
注意：
besides用于否定句中时，与except,but同义，可互换。
如：
Wehavenootherbooksbesides/exceptthese.
2.except表示“……除外”，具有排它性质。
如：
Weallwenttoseethefilmexceptxiaoming.（王先生没去）
3.but意为“除了”，与except同义，except强调被排除的部分，but则强调整句的内容，常修饰否定意义的代词。
Nobodyknewitbutme.
⑥.above,over,on,up表示“在……上”之间的区别
1.above指“……上方”，表示相对高度，不一定在正上方，其反义词为below。
We’reflyingabovetheclouds.
2.over指“在……正上方”，表示垂直上方，其反义词为under。
Thebridgeisovertheriver.
3.on表示“在……上面”，与物体表面接触，与beneath相对。
Thereisamaponthewall.
4.up表示动作的方向往上，反义词为down。
如：
Pleasestandup
⑦with,from,for,at表示原因的区别
1.with表示原因，指由于外界而影响到内部，意为“因为；由于”。
Thelittlegirlwasshiveringwithcold.
2.from表示动机、疲劳、痛苦等原因。
Shediditfromasenseofduty.
3.for常表示为了某一目的、事业的原因。
Idoapologizeforkeepingyouwaiting.
4.at表示原因，指“听到；看到；想到”等。
Atthenewstheyfeltveryglad.
⑧．for和of的用法区别
试比较：
It'simpossibleformetowatchTVaftereleveno'clock.It'skindofyoutohelpme.
两句中介词的选择依据其前形容词而定,一般来说,of之前的形容词往往是用于描写人的品质的好坏，人自身的特点，如聪明与否，细心与粗心等；for之前的形容词用于描写事物的特点，如可能性，必然性，难易程度等。
⑨．by，with，in的用法区别
by表示"以...的方式，方法，手段"和"乘某种交通工具"；with指"借助于具体的手段或工具"；in表示"以......方式，用语言，文字等媒介"。
Isolvedtheproblembythisway.Icuttheapplewithaknife.HespeakswithusinEnglish.
⑩after和in的用法区别
这两个介词都可以表示时间"在以后"的意思。
其区别是：
after以过去为起点，表示过去一段时间之后，常用于过去时态的句子；in以现在为起点，表示将来一段时间以后，常用于将来时态的句子。
Iwenthomeafter10o'clockyesterday.Thetrainwillarriveintenminutes.
小试牛刀：
一：
用by,beside,near,beyond填空
1.Thelittlegirlissitting_____hermother.
2.Thereisawhitecar______ourschool.
3.Manyshopsare______ourhome.
4._______ourcitythereisariver.
二：
1.Thepostofficeis_______thepolicestationandthelibrary.
A.betweenB.amongC.in
2.Ican’tfinishmywork_______yourhelp.
A.withB.withoutC.in
3.Thankyou____________metohavedinner.
A.forinviteB.ofinviteC.forinviting
4.Whyareyoustanding,Alice?
-Ican’tseetheblackboardclearly.Twotallboysaresitting____me.
A.behindB.nexttoC.infrontof
5.Ifyoudothings_____,usuallyyoucan’tdothemwell.
A.inahurryB.fromnowonC.justnow
6.Whataniceday!
Weshouldgosightseeing_____watchingTVinthehotel.
A.becauseofB.insteadofC.togetherwith
7.Yourcoatlooksverynice.What’sitmade______?
-Cotton,anditismade_____Wuhan.
A.from,inB.of,inC.from,on
8.-Whenandwhereyouborn?
-Iwasborn____October1st,1998____Suzhou.
A.on,onB.in,inC.on,in
9.Therewillbemanyrobots____people’shomes____tenyears.
A.in,/B.in,inC.in,after
10.Alltheworkerswenthomeyesterday____MrWhite.Why?
-Becausehewasonduty.
A.exceptB.besidesC.exceptfor
11.It’sverykind____themtopickmeupattherailwaystationanddrivemehome.
A.forB.toC.of
12.AUFOlanded___theCenterStreet.
A.atB.onC.in
13._____theSpringFestival,theheavysnowstoppedmanypeoplefrom_____backhome.
A.During,goingB.In,goC.On,goes
24.Thinkitover_______youwritetheanswer.
A.beforeB.afterC.on
答案：
一：
1.by,2.beside,3.near,4.beyond
二：
1.A2.B3.C4.C5A6.B7B8C9C10A11C12B13.A14.A
勤加磨练：
1. The teacher is not only strict ____ his pupils but also strict ____ his own work.
A. with, with B.in,in C. in, with D. with, in
2. My father began to work ____ a bus driver when he was twenty years old.
A.for B.to C.at D.as
3.I don' t think Xiao Li is ____ the other students ____ mathematics.
A. after, on B. after, with C. behind, in D. behind, at
4. Nobody knows it ____ me.
A. except for B. except that C. besides D. but
5. The window is never opened ____ in summer.
A. but B. except C. except for D. but for
6. We go to school ____ a bike.
A.in B.on C.by D.ove
7. It's very kind____ you to repair the bike ____ me.
8. Fresh air is good ____ your health.
A.at B.for C.of D.to
9.The boy is waiting ____ his sister and they will go to the hospital to wait ____ their sick mother.
10.The PLA man saved the boy ____ death.
A. of B.from C.to D.on
11. He will come ____ three days.
A.before B.after C. in D. later
12 He went to Beijing and returned ____ three days.
A. in B. before C. later D. after
13. He will return____ three o'clock.
A.after B.in C.on D.at
14 He wrote the article ____ three days.
A.at B.in C.on D.by
15I agree ____ what you said.
A.to B.on C.with D.at
16. Do you agree____ this plan （arrangement）?
A.at B.with C.on D.to
17. Finally they agreed ____ the terms of the contract.
A.on B.to C.with D.at
18. Do you often hear____ your brother?
A. of B. from C. out of D. about
19.1 heard ____ the book long ago, but I have never read it.
A. out B.from C.of D.with
20. The plane flew ____ the city.
A. across B.past C. through D.over
21. We walked ____ the Tian An Men Square to the Museum of Chinese History.
A. across B. through C.by D.past
22.I was wandering ____ the streets when I caught sight of a tailor's shop.
A. across B. through C.by D.past
23. Our bus drove ____ the Great Hall of the People.
A. across B. through C. past D.over
24. ____ the sun, nothing would grow.
. For B.With C. Under D. Without
25. The teacher is busy ____ teaching.
A.with B.for C.on D.of
26. The teacher is busy ____ correcting papers.
A. for B.in C.on D.of
27. We left Xi' an _.___ a very hot summer afternoon.
A. on B.in C. during D.by
28. His teacher was angry ____ him ____ his being late.
A.at,with B.at,for C.with,for D.with,about
29. My father was disappointed ____ the news.
A. by B. about C. at D. o 30. Mr Wang went to Nanjing ____ October,1998 and came back home ____ the morning of Nov. 5.
A.at;in B.on;at C.in;on D.by;from
31 .My uncle lives ____ 105 Huanghe Street. His room is ____ the fifth floor.
A.at;on B.td;at C.on;in D.of;to
32. I don't think you can work out the maths problem ____ the teacher's help.
A. since B. unless C. because D. without
33. - Do you go there ____ bus?
- No, we go there ____ a train.
A. in; on B.on;on C.by;in D.by; with
34. The trees ____ front of the house are ____ the charge of Old Li.
A. in; in B. at; in C. in; by D. from; in
35. The old man died ____ cold ____ a cold night.
A. from; at B.of;in C.of;on D. for; during
36. Does John know any other foreign languages ____ French?
A. except B. but C. besides D. beside
37. - How long has the bookshop been in business?
-____1982.
A. After B.In C.From D.Since
38. Did you have any trouble ____ the post office?
A. to have found B. with finding C. to find D. in finding
39.To tell you the truth, I have nothing to do ____ it.
A.about B.with C.for D.of
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