新GRE作文ARGUMENT官方题库+翻译.docx
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新GRE作文ARGUMENT官方题库+翻译
ThispagecontainstheArgumenttopicsfortheAnalyticalWritingsectionoftheGRE®revisedGeneralTest.Whenyoutakethetest,youwillbepresentedwithoneArgumenttopicfromthispool.
EachArgumenttopicconsistsofapassagethatpresentsanargumentfollowedbyspecifictaskinstructionsthattellyouhowtoanalyzetheargument.Thewordingofsometopicsinthetestmightvaryslightlyfromwhatispresentedhere.Also,becausetheremaybemultipleversionsofsometopicswithsimilaroridenticalwordingbutwithdifferenttaskinstructions,itisveryimportanttoreadyourtesttopicanditsspecifictaskdirectionscarefullyandrespondtothewordingasitappearsintheactualtest.
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1)
WovenbasketscharacterizedbyaparticulardistinctivepatternhavepreviouslybeenfoundonlyintheimmediatevicinityoftheprehistoricvillageofPaleaandthereforewerebelievedtohavebeenmadeonlybythePaleanpeople.Recently,however,archaeologistsdiscoveredsucha"Palean"basketinLithos,anancientvillageacrosstheBrimRiverfromPalea.TheBrimRiverisverydeepandbroad,andsotheancientPaleanscouldhavecrosseditonlybyboat,andnoPaleanboatshavebeenfound.Thusitfollowsthattheso-calledPaleanbasketswerenotuniquelyPalean.
Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatspecificevidenceisneededtoevaluatetheargumentandexplainhowtheevidencewouldweakenorstrengthentheargument.
一种具有独特花纹的编织篮子以前只在史前村庄Palea的临近地区发现过,因而被认为是Palea居所独有的。
然而最近,考古学家在一个与Palea隔着一条叫做Brim河的村庄Lithos发现了一个这样的Palea篮子。
Brim河很深很宽,所以古代Palea人只能坐船穿过它,但没有证据表明Palea人拥有船只。
这表明那种所谓的Palea篮子并不是那里所独有的。
1)theauthorfailstoconsiderthepossibilitythatthePaleanmayarrivedinLithosthroughothermeans
2)thePaleanbasketcouldarriveotherplacethroughmanypossiblemethodssuchastrade,orboatspossessedbyotherculture.
3)InPaleantimes,theBrimRivermaynotbeasdeepandbroadasitiscurrently.
4)Thismayalsoresultfrommigration.
5)没有证据表明palea和brim是同时期存在的,不同时期情况更复杂
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2)
Thefollowingappearedaspartofalettertotheeditorofascientificjournal.
"Arecentstudyofeighteenrhesusmonkeysprovidescluesastotheeffectsofbirthorderonanindividual'slevelsofstimulation.Thestudyshowedthatinstimulatingsituations(suchasanencounterwithanunfamiliarmonkey),firstborninfantmonkeysproduceuptotwiceasmuchofthehormonecortisol,whichprimesthebodyforincreasedactivitylevels,asdotheiryoungersiblings.Firstbornhumansalsoproducerelativelyhighlevelsofcortisolinstimulatingsituations(suchasthereturnofaparentafteranabsence).Thestudyalsofoundthatduringpregnancy,first-timemothermonkeyshadhigherlevelsofcortisolthandidthosewhohadhadseveraloffspring."
Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscussoneormorealternativeexplanationsthatcouldrivaltheproposedexplanationandexplainhowyourexplanation(s)canplausiblyaccountforthefactspresentedintheargument.
最近一项对恒河猴的调查揭示了出生顺序对于个体刺激水平的影响。
调查显示在受到刺激的环境下(例如遇到一个不熟悉的猴子),头胎小猴的皮质醇分泌会翻倍,这样增加了它及其兄弟姐妹的身体灵活度。
人类的头胎孩子在遇到刺激(例如父母外出回家)时也会分泌出相对浓度的皮质醇。
研究同时还发现在怀孕期间,第一次为人母的猴子的皮质醇要比生过几次孩子后的猴子水平高很多。
1)任何猴子不是一类,不能归于一谈
2)产生皮质醇的原因可能是由于害怕等因素而非出生顺序
3)产生皮质醇可能是由于害怕等等因素而非出生顺序
4)样本的数量和真实性、代表性作者没有说明
5)母猴体内皮质醇水平跟小猴体内皮质醇水平没有直接关系
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3)
ThefollowingappearedasalettertotheeditorfromaCentralPlazastoreowner.
"Overthepasttwoyears,thenumberofshoppersinCentralPlazahasbeensteadilydecreasingwhilethepopularityofskateboardinghasincreaseddramatically.ManyCentralPlazastoreownersbelievethatthedecreaseintheirbusinessisduetothenumberofskateboardusersintheplaza.Therehasalsobeenadramaticincreaseintheamountoflitterandvandalismthroughouttheplaza.Thus,werecommendthatthecityprohibitskateboardinginCentralPlaza.Ifskateboardingisprohibitedhere,wepredictthatbusinessinCentralPlazawillreturntoitspreviouslyhighlevels."
Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatquestionswouldneedtobeansweredinordertodecidewhethertherecommendationislikelytohavethepredictedresult.Besuretoexplainhowtheanswerstothesequestionswouldhelptoevaluatetherecommendation.
过去两年中,中心广场的顾客数量稳步下降与此同时滑板却急剧增加。
很多中心广场的店主认为顾客数量下滑是由于玩滑板人数的增加。
同时整个广场废弃物和公物损毁也大大增加。
因此,我们建议应该在中心广场禁止玩滑板。
如果禁止的话,我们估计中心广场的生意将会恢复到以前的水平。
1)过去“两年”,时间太短使得数据不具说服性
2)仅仅是店主的看法不具有参考价值,应该调查顾客等更多人的看法
3)废弃物和公务损坏的增加也会是顾客数量下降的原因
4)没有证据表明废弃物和公务损坏的增加是skateboarder造成的
171)
ThefollowingappearedasalettertotheeditorfromtheownerofaskateshopinCentralPlaza.
"TwoyearsagothecityvotedtoprohibitskateboardinginCentralPlaza.Theyclaimedthatskateboarduserswereresponsibleforthelitterandvandalismthatwerekeepingothervisitorsfromcomingtotheplaza.Inthepasttwoyears,however,therehasonlybeenasmallincreaseinthenumberofvisitorstoCentralPlaza,andlitterandvandalismarestillproblematic.SkateboardingispermittedinMonroePark,however,andthereisnoproblemwithlitterorvandalismthere.InordertorestoreCentralPlazatoitsformerglory,then,werecommendthatthecityliftitsprohibitiononskateboardingintheplaza."
Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatquestionswouldneedtobeansweredinordertodecidewhethertherecommendationandtheargumentonwhichitisbasedarereasonable.Besuretoexplainhowtheanswerstothesequestionswouldhelptoevaluatetherecommendation.
两年前,市里投票禁止了在中央广场玩滑板。
他们认为是滑板爱好者的废弃物和损毁公物的行为使游客远离了广场。
然而在过去两年中,中央广场的游客却只有少数增加,而且废弃物和损毁公物的行为依然存在。
滑板运动在M公园就被允许,但是那里却没有任何的废弃物和损毁公物的行为。
为了能让中央广场重新焕发生机,我们建议市里应该取消广场禁止滑板的限令。
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4)
Thefollowingappearedinaletterfromahomeownertoafriend.
"Ofthetwoleadingrealestatefirmsinourtown—AdamsRealtyandFitchRealty—AdamsRealtyisclearlysuperior.Adamshas40realestateagents;incontrast,Fitchhas25,manyofwhomworkonlypart-time.Moreover,Adams'revenuelastyearwastwiceashighasthatofFitchandincludedhomesalesthataveraged$168,000,comparedtoFitch's$144,000.HomeslistedwithAdamssellfasteraswell:
tenyearsagoIlistedmyhomewithFitch,andittookmorethanfourmonthstosell;lastyear,whenIsoldanotherhome,IlisteditwithAdams,andittookonlyonemonth.Thus,ifyouwanttosellyourhomequicklyandatagoodprice,youshoulduseAdamsRealty."
Writearesponseinwhichyouexaminethestatedand/orunstatedassumptionsoftheargument.Besuretoexplainhowtheargumentdependsontheseassumptionsandwhattheimplicationsarefortheargumentiftheassumptionsproveunwarranted.
在本市的两家最大的房地产经纪公司--AdamsRealty和FitchRealty--之中,Adams显然更优秀一些。
Adams有40名房地产经纪人,而Fitch只有25个,且很多是兼职工作。
而且,Adams去年的收入是Fitch的两倍,其平均房价为$168000,而Fitch仅为$144000。
在Adams销售的房屋卖得也更快:
十年前,我把我的房产交给Fitch,它用了四个多月才卖出去;去年,我在Adams卖了另一处房产,仅用一个月就售出了。
因此,要想让你的房产卖的更快更好,你应该选择Adams。
1)A的收入是F的两倍,但没有数据显示A售出房产的数量是F的两倍,所以很可能A收取了较高的中介费
2)A的房价比F高没有考虑到房产的净价值,可能A的房产本来就价值高,所以售价较高
3)十年前的数据不能跟去年的数据比较,不具可比性
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5)
Thefollowingappearedinalettertotheeditorofthe BalmerIslandGazette.
"OnBalmerIsland,wheremopedsserveasapopularformoftransportation,thepopulationincreasesto100,000duringthesummermonths.Toreducethenumberofaccidentsinvolvingmopedsandpedestrians,thetowncouncilofBalmerIslandshouldlimitthenumberofmopedsrentedbytheisland'smopedrentalcompaniesfrom50perdayto25perdayduringthesummerseason.Bylimitingthenumberofrentals,thetowncouncilwillattainthe50percentannualreductioninmopedaccidentsthatwasachievedlastyearontheneighboringislandofSeaville,whenSeaville'stowncouncilenforcedsimilarlimitsonmopedrentals."
Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatquestionswouldneedtobeansweredinordertodecidewhethertherecommendationislikelytohavethepredictedresult.Besuretoexplainhowtheanswerstothesequestionswouldhelptoevaluatetherecommendation.
b岛的人口在夏季达到了100000,而助力车则是岛上一种非常普遍的交通方式。
为了减少由助力车和行人引发的事故,b岛市政府应该限制岛上夏季助力车租赁公司的租车数量,从原来的每天50量减少到25量。
通过限制出租数量,市政府将会实现助力车事故减少50%的目标,就像去年邻近s岛市政府在实施了同样的政策后所取得的效果。
1)没有证据显示岛上的人车交通事故是因为助力车造成的,原因可能主要是由于行人的不遵守交通规则造成。
2)即使是降低了50%的数量,也不意味着会降低50%的事故啊,可能车少了开的就会更快,反而会增加事故的严重性
3)岛上助力车租赁公司的租车数量占的比例多吗?
减少会明显改变岛上助力车的总量吗?
4)没有证据显示助力车过多造成了事故,作为主要的交通工具,可能正是因为助力车在夏季过少,
才导致大多数人不得不走路,而更多的人走到了助力车道,造成交通事故,加大助力车的投入可能还会减少事故的发生
5)在s岛上产生的效果不一定在b岛产生
159)
Thefollowingappearedinalettertotheeditorofthe BalmerIslandGazette.
"ThepopulationonBalmerIslandincreasesto100,000duringthesummermonths.Toreducethenumberofaccidentsinvolvingmopedsandpedestrians,thetowncouncilofBalmerIslandplanstolimitthenumberofmopedsrentedbyeachoftheisland'ssixmopedrentalcompaniesfrom50perdayto30perdayduringthesummerseason.Lastyear,theneighboringislandofTorseauenforcedsimilarlimitsonmopedrentalsandsawa50percentreductioninmopedaccidents.WepredictthatputtingtheselimitsintoeffectonBalmerIslandwillresultinthesamereductioninmopedaccidents."
Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatquestionswouldneedtobeansweredinordertodecidewhetherthepredictionandtheargumentonwhichitisbasedarereasonable.Besuretoexplainho