国际经济学作业答案第九章.docx

国际经济学作业答案第九章.docx

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国际经济学作业答案第九章

1Chapter9ThePoliticalEconomyofTradeTheory

1⏹ MultipleChoiceQuestions

1.Theefficiencycasemadeforfreetradeisthatastradedistortionssuchastariffsaredismantledandremoved,

（a）governmenttariffrevenuewilldecrease,andthereforenationaleconomicwelfarewilldecrease.

（b）governmenttariffrevenuewilldecrease,andthereforenationaleconomicwelfarewillincrease.

（c）deadweightlossesforproducersandconsumerswilldecrease,henceincreasingnationaleconomicwelfare.

（d）deadweightlossesforproducersandconsumerswilldecrease,hencedecreasingnationaleconomicwelfare.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

C

2.Theopportunitytoexploiteconomiesofscaleisoneofthegainstobemadefromremovingtariffsandothertradedistortions.Thesegainswillbefoundbyadecreasein

（a）worldpricesofimports.

（b）theconsumptiondistortionlosstriangle.

（c）theproductiondistortionlosstriangle.

（d）Both（b）and（c）.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

E

3.Itisarguedthatspecialinterestgroupsarelikelytotakeoverandpromoteprotectionistpolicies,whichmayleadtoanincreaseinnationaleconomicwelfare.Thisargumentleadsto

（a）apresumptionthatinpracticeafreetradepolicyislikelytobebetterthanalternatives.

（b）apresumptionthattradepolicyshouldbeshiftedtoNon-GovernmentalOrganizations,soastolimittaxpayerburden.

（c）apresumptionthatfreetradeisgenerallyasecond-bestpolicy,tobeavoidediffeasiblealternativesareavailable.

（d）apresumptionthatfreetradeisthelikelyequilibriumsolutionifthegovernmentallowsspecialinterestgroupstodictateitstradepolicy.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

A

4.Theoptimumtariffis

（a）thebesttariffacountrycanobtainviaaWTOnegotiatedroundofcompromises.

（b）thetariff,whichmaximizesthetermsoftradegains.

（c）thetariff,whichmaximizesthedifferencebetweentermsoftradegainsandtermsoftradeloses.

（d）notpracticalforasmallcountryduetothelikelihoodofretaliation.

（e）notpracticalforalargecountryduetothelikelihoodofretaliation.

Answer:

E

5.Theoptimumtariffismostlikelytoapplyto

（a）asmalltariffimposedbyasmallcountry.

（b）asmalltariffimposedbyalargecountry.

（c）alargetariffimposedbyasmallcountry.

（d）alargetariffimposedbyalargecountry.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

B

6.Theprohibitivetariffisatariffthat

（a）issohighthatiteliminatesimports.

（b）issohighthatitcausesundueharmtotrade-partnereconomies.

（c）issohighthatitcausesundueharmtoimportcompetingsectors.

（d）issolowthatthegovernmentprohibitsitsusesinceitwouldloseanimportantrevenuesource.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

A

7.Theexistenceofmarginalsocialbenefitswhicharenotmarginalbenefitsfortheindustryproducingtheimportsubstitutes

（a）isanargumentsupportingfreetradeandnon-governmentalinvolvement.

（b）isanargumentsupportingtheuseofanoptimumtariff.

（c）isanargumentsupportingtheuseofmarketfailuresasatrade-policystrategy.

（d）isanargumentrejectingfreetradeandsupportinggovernmentalinvolvement.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

D

8.Thedomesticmarketfailureargumentisaparticularcaseofthetheoryof

（a）theoptimum,orfirst-best.

（b）thesecondbest.

（c）thethirdbest.

（d）thesufficingprinciple.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

B

9.Thedifficultyofascertainingtherightsecond-besttradepolicytofollow

（a）reinforcessupportforthethird-bestpolicyapproach.

（b）reinforcessupportforincreasingresearchcapabilitiesofgovernmentagencies.

（c）reinforcessupportforabandoningtradepolicyasanoption.

（d）reinforcessupportforfree-tradeoptions.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

D

10.Theauthorsofthetextbelievethat

（a）second-bestpolicyisworsethanoptimalpolicy.

（b）specialinterestgroupsgenerallyenhancenationalwelfare.

（c）nationalwelfareislikelytobeenhancedbytheimpositionofanoptimaltariff.

（d）marketFailureargumentstendtosupportfree-tradepolicy.

（e）thereisnosuchthingasnationalwelfare.

Answer:

E

11.Thesimplemodelofcompetitionamongpoliticalpartieslongusedbypoliticalscientiststendstoleadtothepracticalsolutionofselectingthe

（a）optimaltariff.

（b）prohibitivetariff.

（c）zero（free-trade）tariff.

（d）thetariffratefavoredbythemedianvoter.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

D

12.Themedianvotermodel

（a）workswellintheareaoftradepolicy.

（b）isnotintuitivelyreasonable.

（c）tendstoresultinbiasedtariffrates.

（d）doesnotworkwellintheareaoftradepolicy.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

D

13.Thefactthattradepolicyoftenimposesharmonlargenumbersofpeople,andbenefitsonlyafewmaybeexplainedby

（a）thelackofpoliticalinvolvementofthepublic.

（b）thepowerofadvertisement.

（c）theproblemofcollectiveaction.

（d）thebasicimpossibilityofthedemocraticsystemtoreachafairsolution.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

C

14.Protectionismtendstobeconcentratedintwosectors:

（a）agricultureandclothing.

（b）hightechandnationalsecuritysensitiveindustries.

（c）capitalandskillintensiveindustries.

（d）industriesconcentratedintheSouthandintheMidwestofthecountry.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

A

15.Judgingbythechangesintheheightoftariffratesinmajortradingcountries,theworldhasbeenexperiencingagreat

（a）tradeliberalization.

（b）surgeofprotectionism.

（c）lackofprogressinthetrade-policyarea.

（d）movetowardsregionalintegration.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

A

16.TheWorldTradeOrganization（WTO）wasorganizedasasuccessortothe

（a）IMF.

（b）UN.

（c）UNCTAD.

（d）GATT.

（e）TheWorldBank.

Answer:

D

17.TheWTOwasestablishedbythe____________ofmultilateraltradenegotiations.

（a）KennedyRound

（b）TokyoRound

（c）UruguayRound

（d）DillonRound

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

C

18.TheSmoot-HawleyTariffActof1930hasgenerallybeenassociatedwith

（a）fallingtariffs.

（b）freetrade.

（c）intensifyingtheworldwidedepression.

（d）recoveryfromtheworldwidedepression.

（e）Non-tariffbarriers.

Answer:

C

19.Atradepolicydesignedtoalleviatesomedomesticeconomicproblembyexportingittoforeigncountriesisknowasa（n）

（a）internationaldumpingpolicy.

（b）countervailingtariffpolicy.

（c）beggarthyneighborpolicy.

（d）tradeadjustmentassistancepolicy.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

C

20.TheGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTradeandtheWorldTradeOrganizationhaveresultedin

（a）terminationofexportsubsidiesappliedtomanufacturedgoods.

（b）terminationofimporttariffsappliedtomanufactures.

（c）terminationofimporttariffsappliedtoagriculturalcommodities.

（d）terminationofinternationaltheftofcopyrights.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

E

21.TheGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTradeandtheWorldTradeOrganizationhaveresultedin

（a）theestablishmentofuniversaltradeadjustmentassistancepolicies.

（b）theestablishmentoftheEuropeanUnion.

（c）thereciprocaltradeclause.

（d）reductionsintradebarriersviamultilateralnegotiations.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

D

22.TradetheorysuggeststhatJapanwouldgainfromasubsidytheUnitedStatesprovidesitsgrainfarmersifthegainstoJapaneseconsumersofwheatproductsmorethanoffsetsthelossestoJapanesewheatfarmers.ThiswouldoccuraslongasJapan

（a）isanetimporterinbilateraltradeflowswiththeUnitedStates.

（b）isanetimporterofwheat.

（c）hasacomparativeadvantageinwheat.

（d）hasanabsoluteadvantageinproducingwheat.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

B

23.Countervailingdutiesareintendedtoneutralizeanyunfairadvantagethatforeignexportersmightgainbecauseofforeign

（a）tariffs.

（b）subsidies.

（c）quotas.

（d）Local-Contentlegislation.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

B

24.Throughoutthepost-WorldWarIIera,theimportanceoftariffsasatradebarrierhas

（a）increased.

（b）decreased.

（c）remainedthesame.

（d）fluctuatedwildly.

（e）demonstratedaclassicrandomwalkwithamean-reversiontendency.

Answer:

B

25.In1980theUnitedStatesannouncedanembargoongrainexportstotheSovietUnioninresponsetotheSovietinvasionofAfghanistan.Thisembargowasmainlyresistedby

（a）U.S.grainconsumersofbread.

（b）U.S.grainproducers.

（c）foreigngrainproducers.

（d）U.S.communists.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

B

26.Exportembargoescausegreaterlossestoconsumersurplusinthetargetcountry

（a）thelesseritsinitialdependenceonforeignproducedgoods.

（b）themoreelasticisthetargetcountry’sdemandschedule.

（c）themoreelasticisthetargetcountry’sdomesticsupply.

（d）themoreinelasticthetargetcountry’ssupply.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

D

27.Thestrongestpoliticalpressureforatradepolicythatresultsinhigherprotectionismcomesfrom

（a）domesticworkerslobbyingforimportrestrictions.

（b）domesticworkerslobbyingforexportrestrictions.

（c）domesticworkerslobbyingforfreetrade.

（d）domesticconsumerslobbyingforexportrestrictions.

（e）domesticconsumerslobbyingforimportrestrictions.

Answer:

A

28.TheaveragetariffratetodataondutiableimportsintheUnitedStatesisapproximately

（a）5%ofthevalueofimports.

（b）15%ofthevalueofimports.

（c）20%ofthevalueofimports.

（d）25%ofthevalueofimports.

（e）morethan25%ofthevalueofimports.

Answer:

A

29.In1990theUnitedStatesimposedtradeembargoesonIraq’sinternationaltrade.ThiswouldinducesmallerlossesinIraq’sconsumersurplusthe

（a）lesselasticIraq’sdemandschedule.

（b）moreelasticIraq’sdemand