项目管理面试常见问题及答案.docx

项目管理面试常见问题及答案.docx

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项目管理面试常见问题及答案

项目管理面试常见问题及答案（Projectmanagementinterviewfrequentlyaskedquestionsandanswers）

Thecompositionoftheproblemisasfollows:

1.Knowledgeofprojectmanagementsoftwaretools,

2.Developthetechnologyforprojectplanning;

3.Personnelmanagementskills

4.Communicationskills

5.Principlesystemknowledge（standardlifecycleandprojectmanagement）.

Projectmanagementsoftwaretoolknowledge

Question1:

whatisthedifferencebetweentheworkingperiodandtheworkload?

1:

thedurationisthenumberofdaysinthebusiness/calendar,whichisindependentofthenumberofpeopleandtheworkload.Workloadistheworkofpeoplewhohavenothingtodowithcalendardays.Suchas:

Aday'sworkistwodaysforamanwhospends50%ofhistimeonit.Iftwopeopleworkfulltime,thedurationisoneday,andtheworkloadistwoworkingdays.

Question2:

howandwhyshouldweconsiderdependencieswhencompilingaprojectplan?

Answer2:

dependingonthepackageused,dependenciescanberepresentedbyassociatingthetaskswithidentifiersoftheirsubsequenttasks.Dependenciesillustratetheneedtorelate/coordinatetasksbetweentasks.Dependenciescanmeanthatataskmustbecompletedbeforeanothertaskcanbegin.Forexample,thelogicalmodelmustbecompletedbeforethephysicalmodel.Butthetestdoesn'tstartuntilafteralltheprogrammingworkisdone,andifthereisnocompletedprogramthatdoesn'taffectthelineartest.

Theprojectplanaddsdependenciestoidentifytheproject'scriticalpathandtodetermineitsimpactonprojectduration.

Question3:

howdoyoucombinethepaceofworkwiththeplan?

Answer3:

accordingtothespecifictoolsusedbytheorganization,resourcescanbedisorganizedintosmallerresources/unitsorcanbedisorganizedintosmallertasks.

Question4:

howdoyoucombinetraining,holidaysandpersonaleducationschedules?

Answer4:

everyproducthasacompany/globalcalendarthatmarksthenumberofdayswhenyoudon'twork.Eachproductalsohasapersonalresourcecalendarthatindicateswhenapersondoesnotwork.Iftheprojectneedseducationandtraining,youshouldwritethemastasksontheprojectplan.

Question5:

howdoyouarrangeasimilarstatemeetingthatrunsthroughtheprojectbutrequiresminimaltimeandeffort?

Answer5:

itsdurationwillbeaslongastheentireproject,andthepercentageoftheworkloadissmall.Theamountoftimeeachpersonassignedtothetasktakesupaverylowpercentageofhistime.

Question6:

whatisthevalueofthelivereportontheroleoftheplanandthecomparisonbetweentheactualandtheoriginal?

Answer6:

accordingtothespecifictoolsusedbytheorganization,eachtoolinputsanindependentelement/domaininformationintoalivereport.Youcanalsocategorizethereporttoshowthechangesortimetablesofthecriticalpathtoteammembersandotherrelatedgroups.Thesereportsarevaluablefortheimplementationofworkevaluationsandasinputstothenextprojectorphaseoftheproject.Anothervaluableuseforcomparingestimatesandlivereportsistodocumenttheimpactofscopechangesontheproject.

Skillsinprojectplanning

Question7:

whydoyoumakeaprojectplan?

Answer7:

theprojectplanisaroadmaptoasuccessfulsystem.Itprovidesameanstoinformeachpersonwhattheywanttodoandwhen.Ithelpsprojectmanagerstounderstandprojectstatusandadjustspecialresourcesformanagement,businessusers,andsupportgroups.The"list"ofitemizedcolumnsassistsintherapidassessmentofanychanges.Whenalivereportislinkedtotheplan,theprojectplanprovidesusefulinformationforthetaskdivisionandestimationoffutureprojects.

Question8:

howwillyouproceedwiththeprojectplan?

Answer8:

processschedulingisanart.Basedonknownfactsaboutbusinessobjectives,corporatestandards,andpastexperiencethatcanbeutilized.Youcanstartwithacleardefinitionofscopeandgoal.Documenttherisksandconstraintsoftheproject.Poorestimatesstemfromalackofunderstandingofbusinessknowledgeandprojectscope.Youcanstartwithprojecttaskdecomposition,suchasthefirstdivisionphase,

Thendefinetheactivitiesateachstageanddefinethetasksineachactivity.Identifyanddocumentmilestonesanddeliverables.Projectplanningisacontinuousrefinementoflifefileswheninformationbecomesavailable.Itisgoodforprojectmanagers,developmentteams,supportteams,andmanagementandbusinessuserstokeeptrackoftheprogresschanges.

Question9:

howareyougoingtoworkouttheprojectplan?

Answer9:

enteradefinedtaskattheappropriatelevelofactivityandstageorothergeneralcriteria.Connectappropriatedeliverablesandmilestoneswithspecifictasks.Connectallthetasksthatrequiredependencies.Addresourcerolesorresourcenamestoeachtask.Applymeasurementresultstodeterminepriortaskworkload,andspendmoretimeonrequirementsgathering,design,andtesting.Considerallknownholidays,training,vacations,orotherresourcedowntime.Thedraftplanwillbereviewedwithsupportgroups,managementandbusinessusersassupplementaryinputandfinalapproval.

Question10:

howtodeterminethestaffingrequirements?

Answer10:

plandevelopmentwithoutconsideringresourceconstraints.Addrolessuchasdatamodelmakers,businessanalysts,anduserstothetask.Coupledwithcomplementaryresourcesthatcanoverlaptasks.Intheplan,considerthedevelopmentteamthatincludessupportteamsanduserrepresentativeswholoseoneormoreresources,increasingtheremainderby15%oneachtask.Tomakethecompositionoftheprojectteameasytounderstand,itisnecessarytohaveadescriptionofthetechnicallevelnecessaryfortherole.

Question11:

whatisthevalueofaddingameasuretoaproject?

Answer11:

ifusedproperly,measurementisavaluabletool.Theyprovideawaytomeasurethecomplexityandworkloadofthedevelopmentsystem.Themeasurementresultsprovideinformationinputresourcesforthedevelopmentofprojectplans,andarevaluablehistoricalinformationtodeterminethedirectionofdevelopment.Softwaremetricswillhelptodevelopbettersoftware.However,itisbesttohavethreeyearsofhistoricaldata.

Question12:

howdoyouusenewtechnologyinyourplan?

Answer12:

expandtheworkloadwhileincreasingthetrainingtaskandreduceeachunitofwork.Additionalprototypesandcheckpoints（milestones）areaddedtotheprocessofevaluatingtheimpactofnewtechnologiesindevelopment.

Personnelmanagementskills

Question13.Whatisthefirstthingyoushoulddoasaprojectmanager?

Answer13:

inadditiontopayattentiontothedevelopmentdirectionofthecompanyandfindtheirowndevelopmentpath,inthemindtobuildaprojectmanagertofocusonthings（business,company,project,team,theindividual,thechangeoftechnologyandmethodology）priorities.Therefore,meetingswithdepartmentmanagerstoprioritize,arrangeusersandstaffmeetings,andgetstatusreportsandevaluationsofallmembers.Itisimportanttodealwithbusiness,projectandpersonalmattersassoonaspossible.

Question14:

howwillyouproceedwiththeprojectwhenyourstaffisdownby30%?

Answer14:

first,identifyandprioritizeprojectsthatmustbecompletedwithinthenext18months.Associateabsoluteminimumtotalnumberwitheachproject.Explaintheimpactofthescheduletothemanagerandtheuser.Sincebothmaynotbewillingtoacceptchangesintheschedule,youmaybeabletogiveyousomeexceptions.

Losinganadviserisbetterthangettingridofanemployee.Consultantsforeachprojectmaybereplacedbyemployees.Adheretothelearningcurvetheoryandgraduallyreducethenumberofconsultants.Youcanreducetheworkofsomeconsultantsfromoneweektotwoorthreedaysaweek.

Ifthecompanyhasanearlyretirementcheck,lookforqualifiedandapplicableemployees.Keepinmindthatyoumaylosevaluableknowledgebylosingthe"oldman".Trytocombineaquickretireewithanovice.

Determinetheimportanceofremainingemployeesandtheirimportanceineachprojecttomeetthebusinessgoals.

Maketheratioofnoviceandexperiencedpersonnelappropriate.Bothareassetsthatensurethesuccessofprojectsandcompanies.

Question15:

yourteamisprimarilymadeupofnovicesandhasfallenbehind.Whatwillyoudo?

Answer15:

itisimportanttorememberthataprojectisrarelycancelledbecauseithasnotbeencompletedinthedeadline.Projectsarecancelled,mainlyforbusinessgoalssuchaslackoffunding,usersupport,orunmet.

Thefirstthingtodo,therefore,istotrain,whetherindoorsoroutdoors,inclassorthroughvideotapes.Anothertackistoletsenioremployeesorsenioradvisersactasteachers.

Holdmeetingsforpersonalassessmentandcounselling.Helpeachemployeetoaccuratelyassesstheirrespectivestrengthsandweaknesses.Clarifytasksandclarifyallstandardsorguidelinesthatmustbefollowed.Provideaguideforeachemployeefromasuccessfulproject,andallowthemtousetheirtalents.Ifyouneedto,workwiththem.Respondquicklytoanyproblemortask.

Forlargertasks,lookattheirplanstohelpdetermineiftheyunderstandthescopeandpurposeofthetasktoseeiftheycancompletethetask.Listentoyouremployees,andmaybethey'llhavetherightwaytogetthingsdone.Butitalsopreventsemployeesfromgettingfrustratedanddemoralized.

Question16:

howwillyougetalongwithemployeeswhoarecompetingwithyouforthesameposition?

Answer16:

thisisoftenanunpleasantsituation.Employeesalwaysthinktheyarequalifiedforapositionandmanagementisnotawareofthat.Therefore,thefollowinginvestigationshouldbeconduc