整理TPO6 文本标注沉诗萌.docx
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整理TPO6文本标注沉诗萌
TPO6
Passage1
Conversation1
Narrator
Listentoaconversationbetweenastudentandanemployeeintheuniversity’scareerservicesoffice.
Student
Hi,doyouhaveaminute?
Employee
Sure,howcanIhelpyou?
Student
Ihaveacoupleofquestionsaboutthecareerfairnextweek.(Q1)
Employee
OK,shoot.
Student
Um...well,areseniorstheonlyoneswhocango?
(Q1)Imean,youknow,theyarefinishingschoolthisyearandgettingtheirdegreesandeverything.And,well,itseemslikebusinesseswouldwannatalktothemandnotfirstyearstudentslikeme.(Q2)
Employee
No,no,thecareerfairisopenedtoallourstudentsandweencourageanyonewho’sinterestedtogocheckitout.
Student
Well,that’sgoodtoknow.
Employee
You’veseentheflyersandpostersaroundcampus,Iassume.
Student
Sure,can’tmissthem.Imean,theyallsaywhereandwhenthefairis,justnotwhoshouldattend.
Employee
Actuallytheydo,butit’sinthesmallprint.Uh,weshouldprobablymakethatparteasiertoreach,shouldn’twe?
I’llmakeanoteofthatrightnow.(Q3)So,doyouhaveanyotherquestions?
Student
Yes,actuallyIdonow.Um...sinceI’donlybegoingtofamiliarizemyselfwiththeprocess,youknow,checkitout,IwaswonderingifthereisanythingyouwouldrecommendthatIdotoprepare.
Employee
That’sactuallyaverygoodquestion.Well,asyouknow,thecareerfairisgenerallyanopportunityforlocalbusinessestorecruitnewemployees,andforsoon-to-begraduatestohaveinterviewswithseveralcompaniestheymightbeinterestedinworkingfor.Now,inyourcase,eventhoughyouwouldn’tbelookingforemploymentrightnow,itstillwouldn’thurtforyoutopreparemuchlikeyouwouldifyouwerelookingforajob.
Student
Youmean,likegetmyresumetogetherandwearasuit?
Employee
That’sagiven.Iwasthinkingmorealongthelinesofdoingsomeresearch.Theflyersandposterslistallthebusinessesthataresendingrepresentativestothecareerfair.Um...what’syourmajorordoyoutohaveoneyet?
Student
Well,Ihaven’tdeclaredamajoryet,butI’mstronglyconsideringaccounting.See,that’spartofthereasonIwannagotothefair,tohelpmedecideifthat’swhatIreallywanttostudy.
Employee
That’sverywise.Well,Isuggestthatyougetonthecomputerandlearnmoreabouttheaccountingcompaniesinparticularthatwouldbeattending.(Q4B)Youcanlearnalotaboutcompaniesfromtheirinternetwebsites.Thenpreparealistofquestions.(Q4C)
Student
Questions,hmm…so,inaway,I’llbeinterviewingthem?
Employee
That’sonewayoflookingatit.Thinkaboutitforasecond.Whatdoyouwanttoknowaboutworkingforanaccountingfirm?
Student
Well,thereisthejobitself,andsalaryofcourse,andworkingconditions,Imean,wouldIhaveanoffice,orwouldIworkinabigroomwithazillionotheremployees,and…andmaybeaboutopportunitiesforadvancement.
Employee
See?
Those’reallimportantthingstoknow.Afteryoudosomeresearch,you’llbeabletotailoryourquestionstotheparticularcompanyyouaretalkingto.
Student
Wow,I’mgladIcamebyhere.So,itlookslikeI’vegotsomeworktodo.(Q5)
Employee
Andifyouplanonattendingfuturecareerfairs,Irecommendyousignupforoneofourinterviewworkshops.
Student
I’lldothat.
Passage2
Lecture1-Economics(“BoomandBust”Cycle)
Narrator
Listentopartofalectureinaneconomicsclass.
Professor
NowwhenImentiontheterms“boomandbust”,whatdoesthatbringtomind?
Student
Thedot-comcrashofthe‘90s.
Professor
Ok.Theboominthelate1990swhenallthosenewInternetcompaniessprangupandwerethensoldforhugeamountsofmoney.Thenthebustaround2000…2001whenmanyofthosesameInternetcompanieswentoutofbusiness.Ofcourse,boomsaren’talwaysfollowedbybusts.We’vecertainlyseentimeswhenlocaleconomiesexpandedrapidlyforawhileandthenwentbacktoanormalpaceofgrowth.
But,there’satypeofrapidexpansion,whatmightbecalledahystericalorirrationalboomthatprettymuchalwaysleadstoabust.See,peopleoftencreateandintensifyaboomwhentheygetcarriedawaybysomenewindustrythatseemslikeitwillmakethemlotsofmoneyfast.(Q6)You’dthinkthatbythe90s,peoplewouldhavelearnedfromthepast.Iftheydid,well,lookattulips.(Q7)
Student
Tulips?
Youmeanliketheflower?
Professor
Exactly.Forinstance,doyouhaveanyideawheretulipsarefrom?
OriginallyImean.
Student
Well,theNetherlands,right?
Professor
That’swhatmostpeoplethink,butno.TheyarenotnativetotheNetherlands,orevenEurope.TulipsactuallyhailfromanareathatChinesecalltheCelestialMountainsinCentralAsia.Averyremotemountainousregion.(Q8)ItwasTurkishnomadswhofirstdiscoveredtulipsandspreadthemslowlywestward.
Now,aroundthe16thcentury,EuropeansweretravelingtoIstanbulandTurkeyasmerchantsanddiplomats.AndtheTurksoftengavetheEuropeanstulipbulbsasgiftswhichtheywouldcarryhomewiththem.FortheEuropeans,tulipsweretotallyunheardof.Er…agreatnovelty.(Q9)ThefirstbulbtoshowupintheNetherlands,themerchantwhoreceivedthemroastedandatethem!
Hethoughttheywerekindofonion.(Q9)
ItturnsoutthattheNetherlandswasanidealcountryforgrowingtulips.Ithadtherightkindofsandysoilforonething,butalso,itwasawealthynationwithagrowingeconomy,willingtospendlotsofmoneyonnewexoticthings.Plus,theDutchhadahistoryofgardening.Wealthypeoplewouldcompete,spendingenormousamountsofmoneytobuytherarestflowersfortheirgardens.(Q10A)Soontulipswerebeginningtoshowupindifferentcolorsasgrowerstriedtobreedthemspecificallyforcolorswhichwouldmakethemevenmorevaluable.Buttheywerenevercompletelysurewhattheywouldget.Someofthemostprizedtulipswerewhitewithpurplestreaks,orredwithyellowstreaksonthepetals,evenadarkpurpletulipthatwasverymuchprized.
Whathappenedthenwasacrazeforthesespecializedtulips.Wecalledthatcraze“tulipmania”.So,herewe’vegotalltheconditionsforanirrationalboom:
aprosperingeconomy,somorepeoplehadmoredisposableincome-moneytospendonluxuries,(Q10B)buttheyweren’texperiencedatinvestingtheirnewwealth.Thenalongcomesathrillingnewcommodity.Surethefirstspecimenswerejustplainoldredtulips,buttheycouldbebredintosomeextraordinaryvariations,likethedarkpurpletulip.Andfinally,youhaveanunregulatedmarketplace,nogovernmentconstraints,(Q10E)wherepricescouldexplode.Andexplodetheydid,startinginthe1630s.
Therewasalwaysmuchmoredemandfortulipsthansupply.Tulipsdidn’tbloomfrequentlylikeroses.Tulipsbloomedonceintheearlyspring.Andthatwasitfortheyear.Eventually,specially-bredmulticoloredtulipsbecamesovaluable,well,accordingtorecords,onetulipbulbwasworth24tonsofwheat,orathousandpoundsofcheese.Oneparticulartulipbulbwassoldandexchangedforasmallship.Inotherwords,tulipswereliterallyworththeirweightingold.
Asdemandgrew,peoplebegansellingpromissorynotesguaranteeingthefuturedeliveryofprizedtulipbulbs.Thebuyersofthesepiecesofpaperwouldresellthenotesatmarkedupprices.Thesepromissorynoteskeptchanginghandsfrombuyertobuyeruntilthetulipwasreadyfordelivery.ButitwasallpurespeculationbecauseasIsaid,therewasnowaytoknowifthebulbwasreallygoingtoproducethevariety,thecolorthatwaspromised.Butthatdidn’tmattertotheownerofthenote.Theowneronlycaredabouthavingthatpieceofpapersoitcouldbetradedlaterataprofit.(Q11B)Andpeoplewereborrowing,mortgagingtheirhomesinmanycasestoobtainthosebitsofpaper(Q11C)becausetheyweresuretheyfoundaneasywaytomakemoney.
Sonow,you’vegotalltheingredientsforahugebust.Andbustitdid,whenonecoldFebruarymorningin1637,agroupofbulbtradersgottogetheranddiscoveredthatsuddenlytherewerenobidders.Nobodywantedtobuy.Panicspreadlikewildfireandthetulipmarketcollapsedtotally.
Passage3
Lecture2-Biology(NightcapOak)
Narrator
Listentopartofalectureinabiologyclass.
Professor
Ok,Ihaveaninterestingplantspeciestodiscusswithyoutoday.Uh…it’saspeciesofaveryraretreethatgrowsinAustralia,Eidotheahardeniana,butit’sbetterknownastheNightcapOak.
Now,itwasdiscoveredonlyveryrecently,justafewyearsago.Um…itremainedhiddenforsolongbecauseit’ssorare.Thereareonlyabout200oftheminexistence.Theygrowinarainforest,inamountainrage…rangeinthenorthpartofNewSouthWaleswhichisuh…astateinAustralia.Sojust200individualtreesinall.(Q12B)
NowanotherinterestingthingabouttheNightcapOakisthatitis…itrepresents…uh…averyoldtype…uh…kindoftreethatgrewahundredmillionyearsago.Um,wefoundfossilsthatoldthatbearremarkableresemblancetothetree.So,it’saprimitivetree.(Q13)A…alivingfossilyoumightsay.It’srelicfromearliertimesandithassurvivedalltheseyearswithoutmuchchange.Andit…it’sprobablyakindoftreefromwhichothertreesthatgrowinAustraliatodayevolved.
Justtogiveyouanideaofwhatwearetalkingabout.Here’sapictureoftheleavesofthetreeanditsflowers.Idon’tknowhowwellyoucanseetheflowers.They’rethoselittleclusterssittingatthebaseoftheleaves.
Okay,whathavewetriedtofindoutaboutthetreesincewe’vediscoveredit?
Hmm…orhow…whyis…isitsorare?
It’soneofthefirstquestions.Um…howisit…um…howdoesitreproduce?
It’sanotherquestion.Um,maybethosetwoquestionsareactuallyrelated.Jim?
(Q17)
Student
Hmm…I