中考语法代词和限定词的用法归纳.docx
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中考语法代词和限定词的用法归纳
代词和限定词
PronounandDeterminer
ØHowourfamilycouldturnitsbackonitsown?
我们家族怎么能闹内讧?
BeingHuman
ØTheydidn’twanttheirownroboticrebellionontheirhands.
他们可不想他们自己的机器起来造反。
BattlestarGalactica
●代词定义:
代词是代替名词的一种词类。
大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。
●限定词定义:
限定词是对名词词组中名词起特指或泛指、定量或不定量等限制作用的一类词。
I本章要点
1.人称代词(如he、them)
2.物主代词和物主限定词(如mine,hers;my,her)
3.反身代词(如ourselves)
4.指示代词和指示限定词(如this,those,such)
5.疑问代词和疑问限定词(如who,what;what,which,whose)
6.关系代词和关系限定词(如which,what;whose)
7.不定代词和不定限定词(如all,something;all,both,no)
8.几组不定代词的用法
II代词限定词语法点分述
一、人称代词
1.用法
a.性的一致
单数第三人称代词有阳性、阴性和中性之分,它们的使用决定于所指对象的自然性别。
所指对象
代词
类指
he/his,heorshe,hisorher
“中性”名词/不能确定性别
it
带着感情的对象(祖国、宠物)
she,he
b.关于it
it除了做指示代词外,在句中作主语还可表示天气、温度、时间、日期、距离等笼统情况,作虚主语。
it还可以在主语后置的句子里作“形式主语”,后置的主语一般为动词不定式结构、现在分词结构和名词性从句。
★小试身手★
1)Doyouseethatgood-lookingyoungman?
_____isProfessorDu,whocomesfromthestar.
2)Ateachershouldoffer_____studentschallengingprojects.
3)IloveChinaverymuch._____isverybeautiful.
4)Ihaveapetdog._____followsmewhereverIgo.
5)Whoisit?
–It’s(I/_____).
6)_____illegaltodrivewithoutalicense.
7)_____nousearguingwithhim.
二、物主代词和物主限定词
类型
词汇
用法
物主限定词
my、your、his、her、its、our、their
后面必须跟名词
物主代词
mine、yours、his、hers、ours、theirs;its
既可单独使用,也可用于“双重属格”
★小试身手★
1)Myhusband’sfatherisadoctor.______(My/Mine)isalawyer.
2)Iplantoenterforasummercampwithafriendof______.(me)
3、反身代词
1.形式
人称
单数
复数
第一人称
myself
ourselves
第二人称
yourself
yourselves
第三人称
himself
themselves
herself
itself
2.用法
★小试身手★
填空并判断以下句中反身代词的成分:
1)Thequeen______attendedthemeeting.
2)Icut______shavingthismorning.
3)Icouldhardlybelieveshehadmadeavideoaboutwaterpollutionby______.(her)
4)Frankisnotquite______today.(upsetorill)
5)Justbetween______,heisaselfishman.
6)Thosewhosmokeheavilyshouldremind______ofhealth,thebadsmellandthefeelingsofotherpeople.
A.theirsB.themC.themselvesD.oneself
3.中考常考固定搭配连线:
1)helponeselfto……别客气!
2)enjoyoneself过得愉快,玩得高兴
3)(all)byoneself随便取,随便吃,随便喝
4)saytooneself自言自语
5)teachoneself=learnbyoneself自首
6)makeyourselfathome.单独地,独自地
7)playwithoneself自娱自乐
8)turnoneselfin自学
9)findoneself找到自我
4、指示代词和指示限定词
1.指近还是指远
指近
this/these
指远
that/those
1)Thesearenewbooks.(These/Those)areoldones.
2)LifeisnoteasyintheUS(these/those)days.
3)LifewasnoteasyintheUS(these/those)days.
2.指人还是指物
指示代词通常指物,但在介绍人或电话交谈时,可以指人。
1)______ismysisterMandy.______aremycousinsJoeandTom.
2)Whois______speaking?
♥Attention♥
指示限定词既可指人也可指物。
3.指上文还是指下文
this
既可指上文,也可指下文
that
通常只指上文
1)Manystudentswereabsentthismorning.______madetheteacherveryangry.
2)Letmetellyou______.Noonehaseverbeatenmeatchess.
3)Myfriendhaspromisedtodoit,but______doesn’tmeanhecandoitwell.
4.that/those作替代词:
that=theone;those=theones
CN单数
that=theone
CN复数
those=theones
UN
that√,theone×
1)TheclimateofRussiaisnotasmildas______ofFrance.
2)Thelivesofanimalsareinmanywayslike______ofhumanbeings.
5.such作为代词可作单数或复数,such也可做限定词。
ØPleasesendusyourlatestsamplesifsuchareavailable.
ØSuchwasthewayhespoketome.
★小试身手★
选词填空:
sucha,suchan,such
1)Thehousewassountidy.I’veneverseen______mess.
2)______questionsshouldn'tbeaskedon______occasion(场合).
3)MytripinKenyais______interestingexperiencethatIwanttoshareitwithmyfriends.
4)Every______possibilitymustbeconsidered.
5)One______dictionaryisenoughforme.
6)Ihatetoliveinaplacewith______unpleasantweather.
7)Nowmyjobhasbecome______burden(负担)thatIdon'twanttodoitanymore.
五、疑问代词和疑问限定词
类型
词汇
用法
疑问代词
who,whom,whose,what,which
主要用于特殊疑问句
疑问限定词
whose,what,which
既可指人,也可指物;既可用于单数,也可用于复数
★区分用法★
1.疑问限定词:
1)______caristhis?
2)______countriesareyougoingtovisit?
2.疑问代词what还可用于简短提问。
1)______aboutdoingsomeshoppingthisafternoon?
2)______aboutthissize?
Doesitfityou?
3)______wefailtoraisethefund?
6、关系代词和关系限定词
关系词
词汇
关系代词
who,whom,that,which
关系限定词
whose,which
♥Attention♥
1)关系代词(that,who,whom,which)所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语等成分。
2)关系限定词(whose,which)相当于形容词,在句中起到定语的作用。
★小试身手★
1)Thestudent______gottheprizewasfromShanghai.
2)Thebuildingtheroofof______weseeisChinaConstructionBank.
3)Theman______sonlentyouthemoneyismyfriend.
4)Tomorrowmorningtheflightmaybedelayedbyaheavyfog,in______casewewillhavetogobytrainifwedon’twanttomissthemeeting.
7、不定代词和不定限定词
一般不定代词
each,every,some,any,both,all,many,much,either,neither,afew,few,alittle,little,other,theother,others,theothers,another,noone,none,enough
合成不定代词
1.由some-构成的(someone;somebody;something)
2.由any-构成的(anyone;anybody;anything)
3.由no-构成的(noone;nobody;nothing)
4.由every-构成的(everyone;everybody;everything)
1.难点一:
ØAllofushavetoattendthemeeting.(allof+人称代词)
ØAllthestudentswouldliketogocamping.(all+名词)
ØAllofthefamilymembersaremusiclovers.(allof+the+名词)
2.难点二:
a.Some-合成词是“肯定词”,通常用于肯定陈述句以及期待肯定回答的疑问句。
1)Ican’tconnectmycomputertotheInternet.Theremustbe____wrongwithit.
A.somethingB.everythingC.anythingD.nothing
2)Wouldyoulike______toeat?
b.Any-合成词是“非肯定词”,常用于否定句和疑问句。
1)Ihavehardly______toeattoday.
2)Isthere______wrong?
3.难点三:
Every-合成词是肯定词,通常用于肯定句;而No-合成词是否定词,通常构成否定句。
1)______knowswhattheyhavetodo,don’tthey?
2)______isleftundonefortheparty.
八、几组不定代词的用法
1.every,each
each
every
两个
多个
代词
形容词
副词
固定搭配
★小试身手★
1)On______sideofthestreetthereareshopsandrestaurants.(街道只有两边)
2)On______sideofthesquaretherearetallbuildings.(广场是多边的)
3)______ofthemisfromAustralia.
4)Igavetheboystwocakes______.
5)Igoabroadtovisitfashionshows______twomonths.
2.either,neither
单词
用法
either
两个中的任何一个
any
多于两个中的任何一个
neither
两个都不是
noone/none
在多于两个中都不是
★小试身手★
1)______courseisopentoyou.(两门课中选一门)
2)______courseisopentoyou.(多门课中选一门)
3)Therearetallbuildingson______sideoftheHuangpuRiver.(浦江两岸高楼林立)
4)Therearetallbuildingson______sidesofHuangpuRiver.
5)Theyofferedmetwojobs,butIaccepted______ofthem.
6)Theyofferedmeseveraljobs,butIaccepted______ofthem.
3.little,(a)few
单词
相同点
不同点
(a)little
既可作限定词,又可作代词
只和不可数名词搭配
(a)few
只和可数名词搭配
quiteafew
都表示很多,相当多
后接可数名词=many
quitealittle
后接不可数名词=much
♥Attention♥
afew和alittle带有肯定含义,few和little带有否定含义。
★小试身手★
1)Hehas______patience.(他已经没什么耐心了)
2)Youmusthave______patience.(你必须有点耐心)
3)Hehasgot______friendshere.(他在这儿没什么朋友)
4)Hehasgotfewfriendshere,____________?
(他在这儿有些朋友)
4.“other”大观园
作名词性代词
作形容词性代词
单数
复数
单数
复数
泛指
another
others
another+n.
other+n.
特指
theother
theothers
theother+n.
theother+n.
★小试身手★
1.填空:
1)Hehastwodaughters.______isanurse,and______isabankclerk.
2)Canyoushowmesome______samples?
3)Somefriendswillagreetothisarrangement;______mayhavedifferentviews.
4)Thestoryisnotinteresting.Tellme______one.(再讲一个)
5)Theyhadtowaitfor______fivehours.(再等五小时)
2.选择
1)Thereare60studentsinourclass.Fortyofthemareboys,aregirls.
A.anotherB.theotherC.otherD.theothers
2)SomewheatisfromAmerica,andisfromJapan.
A.theothersB.theotherC.anotherD.therest
5.none,nothing,noone
词汇
用法
None
回答howmuch,howmany,既指人也指物。
“有多少”。
Nothing
回答what,含anything的问题,指物。
“有没有”。
noone
回答who,含anybody的问题,指人。
no+n.(no是限定词)特指。
ØAndnoone,noonestopsbeingaDeathEater.
没有一个食死徒可以改邪归正。
HarryPotterandtheGobletofFire
ØNoneofthismatters!
这些都不重要!
Lost
★小试身手★
1)Ihavebrothers.(=Idon’thaveanybrothers.)
2)Thereismilkinthefridge.
3)A:
Doyouhaveanynewplans?
B:
Wehavegotatthemoment.
4)A:
Didyoufindintheroom?
B:
No,Ifoundthere.
5)shouldeverkillaseagull.
★经典分享★
Itismyconsideredviewthatnoonecaninventfictionalcharacterswithoutfirsthavingmadealengthystudyofpeople,justasitisimpossibleforanyonetospeakalanguagethathasnotbeenproperlymastered.
LaDameauxcamélias(Camille)茶花女
IIIReviewwhatyouhavelearnt
1.Won’tyoulet________helpyou?
A.IandyourfriendB.yourfriendandI
C.meandyourfriendD.yourfriendandme
2.IfIwere__________,Iwouldtaketheadvice.
A.sheB.heC.herD.us
3.Idon’tthink__________worthwhiletakingsomuchtroubletodothismatter.
A.thisB.thatC.thoseD.it
4.Was__________in1997_________thishappened?
A.it;whenB.that;thatC.it;thatD.that;inwhich
5.Johnandhissisterwentonholidaywithacousinof_________.
A.theirB.theirsC.herD.his
6.Thelittlegirlistooyoungtolookafter__________.
A.herB.hersC.herselfD.herownbody
7.Thedaysinsummerarelongerthan__________inwinter.
A.thatB.oneC.thoseD.these
8.TheyleftforHongKongon__________day.
A.sameB.thesameC.suchD.asuch
9.Ourfeelingswere__________.
A.thesameastheyB.sameastheir
C.thesameastheirsD.suchastheirs
10._________likeskiing.Ilikeit,too.
A.AlloffriendsB.Allmyfriends
C.AlltheyD.Theseallfriends
11.Therearefourwindowsintheroom.Th