计算机专业英语keyterm chapter 6.docx

计算机专业英语keyterm chapter 6.docx

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计算机专业英语keytermchapter6

KeyTerms-Chapter6

activedisplayarea

Thediagonallengthofamonitor’sviewingarea

active-matrixorganiclight-emittingdiode（AMOLED）

Amonitortechnologythathasthebenefitsoflower-powerconsumptionandlongerbatterylife,aswellaspossibilitiesformuchthinnerdisplays.

artificialintelligence（AI）

Afieldofcomputersciencethatattemptstodevelopcomputersystemsthatcanmimicorsimulatehumanthoughtprocessesandactions.

aspectratio

Thewidthofamonitordividedbyitsheight.Commonaspectratiosformonitorsare4:

3（standard）and16:

10（widescreen）.

barcode

Codeconsistingofverticalzebra-stripedmarksprintedonproductcontainers,readwithabarcodereader.

barcodereader

Photoelectricscannerthatreadsbarcodesforprocessing.

cardreader

Adevicethatinterpretstheencodedinformationcontainedoncredit,debit,access,andidentificationcards.

carpaltunnelsyndrome

Arepetitivestraininjuryconsistingofdamagetothenervesandtendonsinthehands.

cathode-raytube（CRT）

Desktop-typemonitorbuiltinthesamewayasatelevisionset.Themostcommontypeofmonitorforofficeandhomeuse.Thesemonitorsaretypicallyplaceddirectlyonthesystemunitorontopofadesk.

clarity

Indicatedbytheresolution,ornumberofpixels,onamonitor.Thegreatertheresolution,thebettertheclarity.

cloudprinter

AprinterconnectedtotheInternetthatprovidesprintingservicestoothersontheInternet.

combinationkey

KeyssuchastheCtrlkeythatperformanactionwhenhelddownincombinationwithanotherkey.

contrastratio

Indicatesamonitor’sabilitytodisplaycolors.Itcomparesthelightintensityofthebrightestwhitetothedarkestblack.

cordlessmouse

Abattery-poweredmousethattypicallyusesradiowavesorinfraredlightwavestocommunicatewiththesystemunit.Alsoknownaswirelessmouse.

digitalcamera

Similartoatraditionalcameraexceptthatimagesarerecordeddigitallyinthecamera’smemoryratherthanonfilm.

digitalmediaplayer

Alsoknownasdigitalmusicplayer;aspecializeddeviceforstoring,transferring,andplayingaudiofiles.

dancepad

Aninputdevicefordancegameswheresignalsaresentviaapressure-sensitivemat.

digitalvideocamera

Inputdevicethatrecordsmotiondigitally.

digitalwhiteboard

Aspecializeddevicewithalargedisplayconnectedtoacomputerorprojector.

displayscreen

See monitor.

documentscanner

Similartoaflatbedscannerexceptthatitcanquicklyscanmultipagedocuments.Itautomaticallyfeedsonepageofadocumentatatimethroughascanningsurface.

dotpitch

Distancebetweeneachpixel.Thelowerthedotpitch,theshorterthedistancebetweenpixels,andthehighertheclarityofimagesproduced.

dotsperinch（dpi）

Printerresolutionismeasuredindpi.Thehigherthedpi,thebetterthequalityofimagesproduced.

duplexprinting

Allowsautomaticprintingonbothsidesofasheetofpaper.

e-bookreader（e-reader）

Handheld,book-sizeddevicesthatdisplaytextandgraphics.Usingcontentdownloadedfromthe

Weborspecialcartridges,thesedevicesareusedtoreadnewspapers,magazines,andbooks.

ergonomics

Thestudyofhumanfactorsrelatedtothingspeopleuse.

e-ink

Ablackandwhiteoutputfromsomee-bookreadersproducingimagesthatreflectlightlikeordinarypaper.

flat-panelmonitor

Orliquidcrystaldisplay（LCD）monitor.ThesemonitorsaremuchthinnerthanCRTsandcanbeusedfordesktopsystemsaswell.

flatbedscanner

Aninputdevicesimilartoacopyingmachine.

gamepad

Aninputdevicedesignedtobeheldbytwohandsandprovideawidearrayofinputsincludingmotion,turning,stopping,andfiring.

gamecontroller

Adevicethatprovidesinputtocomputergames.

GoogleCloudPrint

AGoogleservicethatsupportscloudprinting.

grayscale

Themostcommonblackinkselectioninwhichimagesaredisplayedusingmanyshadesofgray.

handwritingrecognitionsoftware

Translateshandwrittennotesintoaformthatthesystemunitcanprocess.

hardcopy

Informationpresentedonpaper;alsoreferredtoasprinteroutput.

headsets

Audio-outputdevicesconnectedtoasoundcardinthesystemunit.Thesoundcardisusedtocaptureaswellasplaybackrecordedsound.

high-definitiontelevision（HDTV）

All-digitaltelevisionthatdeliversamuchclearerandmoredetailedwidescreenpicture.

householdrobot

Robotdesignedtovacuumorscrubfloors,mowlawns,patrolthehouse,orsimplyprovideentertainment.

immersiveexperience

Allowstheusertowalkintoavirtualrealityroomorviewsimulationsonavirtualrealitywall.

industrialrobot

Robotusedinfactoriestoperformavarietyoftasks.Forexample,machinesusedinautomobileplantstodopaintingandpolishing.

inkjetprinter

Printerthatsprayssmalldropletsofinkathighspeedontothesurfaceofthepaper,producingletter-qualityimages,andcanprintincolor.

input

Anydataorinstructionsusedbyacomputer.

inputdevice

Pieceofequipmentthattranslatesdataintoaformacomputercanprocess.Themostcommoninputdevicesarethekeyboardandthemouse.

interactivewhiteboard

See digitalwhiteboard.

Internettelephone

Low-costalternativetolong-distancetelephonecallsusingelectronicvoicedelivery.

Internet（IP）telephony

See telephony.

joystick

Popularinputdeviceforcomputergames.Youcontrolgameactionsbyvaryingthepressure,speed,anddirectionofthejoystick.

keyboard

Inputdevicethatlookslikeatypewriterkeyboardbuthasadditionalkeys.

laserprinter

Printerthatcreatesdotlikeimagesonadrum,usingalaserbeamlightsource.

liquidcrystaldisplay（LCD）

Atechnologyusedforflat-panelmonitors.

magneticcardreader

Acardreaderthatreadsencodedinformationfromamagneticstriponthebackofacard.

magnetic-inkcharacterrecognition（MICR）

Directentryscanningdevicesusedinbanks.Thistechnologyisusedtoautomaticallyreadthenumbersonthebottomofchecks.

MobileDigitalTelevision

Atechnologythatallowstelevisionstationstobroadcasttheirprogrammingdirectlytosmartphones,computers,anddigitalmediaplayers.

mobilerobots

Robotsthatactastransportsandareusedforavarietyofdifferenttasks.

monitor

Outputdevicelikeatelevisionscreenthatdisplaysdataprocessedbythecomputer.

motionsensingdevice

Aninputdevicethatcontrolsgameswithusermovements.

mouse

Devicethattypicallyrollsonthedesktopanddirectsthecursoronthedisplayscreen.

mousepointer

Typicallyintheshapeofanarrow.

multifunctionaldevices（MFD）

Devicesthattypicallycombinethecapabilitiesofascanner,printer,fax,andcopyingmachine.

multitouchscreen

Canbetouchedwithmorethanonefinger,whichallowsforinteractionssuchasrotatinggraphicalobjectsonthescreenwithyourhandorzoominginandoutbypinchingandstretchingyourfingers.

notebookkeyboard

Akeyboardwidelyusedonnotebookcomputers,includingnetbooks.

optical-characterrecognition（OCR）

Scanningdevicethatusesspecialpreprintedcharacters,suchasthoseprintedonutilitybills,thatcanbereadbyalightsourceandchangedintomachine-readablecode.

optical-markrecognition（OMR）

Devicethatsensesthepresenceorabsenceofamark,suchasapencilmark.Asanexample,an

OMRdeviceisusedtoscoremultiplechoicetests.

opticalmouse

Atypeofmousethatemitsandsenseslighttodetectmousemovement.

opticalscanner

Devicethatidentifiesimagesortextonapageandautomaticallyconvertsthemtoelectronicsignalsthatcanbestoredinacomputertocopyorreproduce.

output

Processeddataorinformation.

outputdevice

Equipmentthattranslatesprocessedinformationfromthecentralprocessingunitintoaformthatcanbeunderstoodbyhumans.Themostcommonoutputdevicesaremonitorsandprinters.

perceptionsystemrobot

Robotthatimitatessomeofthehumansenses.

personallaserprinter

Inexpensivelaserprinterwidelyusedbysingleuserstoproduceblack-and-whitedocuments.

photoprinter

Aspecial-purposeink-jetprinterdesignedtoprintphoto-qualityimagesfromdigitalcameras.

pixel（pictureelements）

Smallestunitonthescreenthatcanbeturnedonandofformadedifferentshades.Pixelsareindividualdotsthatformimagesonamonitor.Thegreatertheresolution,themorepixelsandthebettertheclarity.

pixelpitch

Thedistancebetweeneachpixelonamonitor.

platformscanner

Handhelddirect-entrydeviceusedtoreadspecialcharactersonpricetags.Alsoknownaswandreader.

plotter

Special-purposeoutputdeviceforproducingbarcharts,maps,architecturaldrawings,andthree-dimensionalillustrations.

pointingdevice

Adevicethatprovidesanintuitiveinterfacewiththesystemunitbyacceptingpointinggesturesandconvertingthemintomachine-readableinput.

pointingstick

Deviceusedtocontrolthepointerbydirectingthestickwithyourfinger.

portablemediaplayer

Alsoknownasdigitalmediaplayer;aspecializeddeviceforstoring,transferring,andplayingaudiofiles.

portablescanner

Ahandhelddevicethatslidesacrossanimagetobescanned,makingdirectcontact.

printer

Devicethatproducesprintedpaperoutput.

resolution

Ameasurementinpixelsofamonitor’sclarity.Foragivenmonitor,thegreatertheresolution,themorepixelsandtheclearertheimage.

RFID（radio-frequencyidentification）reader:

Adeviceusedtoreadradio-frequencyidentificationinformation.

RFID（radio-frequencyidentification）tag

Microchipsthatcontainelectronicallystoredinformationandcanbeembeddedinitemssuchasconsumerproducts,driver’slicenses,passports,etc.

robot

Robotsarecomputer-controlledmachinesthatmimicthemotor