推荐精选届高考英语二轮复习 闯关导练 第二部分 阅读理解技巧与体裁演练 课时11 阅读理解体裁解读.docx

推荐精选届高考英语二轮复习 闯关导练 第二部分 阅读理解技巧与体裁演练 课时11 阅读理解体裁解读.docx

《推荐精选届高考英语二轮复习 闯关导练 第二部分 阅读理解技巧与体裁演练 课时11 阅读理解体裁解读.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《推荐精选届高考英语二轮复习 闯关导练 第二部分 阅读理解技巧与体裁演练 课时11 阅读理解体裁解读.docx（17页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

推荐精选届高考英语二轮复习闯关导练第二部分阅读理解技巧与体裁演练课时11阅读理解体裁解读

课时11　阅读理解体裁解读

（2）

—说明文【体裁解读】

做主旨大意题时可以通过：

（1）寻找主题句，确定文章大意。

在许多情况下，尤其是在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过寻找短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。

（2）抓住段落大意，概括中心思想。

寻找整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在寻找各段落中心的基础上。

各段落中心句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。

（3）抓主线和关键词，归纳文章中心。

要注意不是所有的段落都有主题句，有时主题句隐含在段落中。

体裁演练（2017·全国新课标Ⅰ卷）

Someoftheworld'smostfamousmusiciansrecentlygatheredinParisandNewOrleanstocelebratethefirstannualInternationalJazzDay.UNESCO（UnitedNationsEducational，ScientificandCulturalOrganization）recentlysetApril30asadaytoraiseawarenessofjazzmusic，itssignificance，anditspotentialasaunifying（联合）voiceacrosscultures.

Despitethecelebrations，though，intheU．S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder，andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.

It'sJasonMoran'sjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCenter'sartisticadviserforjazz，Moranhopestowidentheaudienceforjazz，makethemusicmoreaccessible，andpreserveitshistoryandculture.

“Jazzseemslikeit'snotreallyapartoftheAmericanappetite，”MorantellsNationalPublicRadio'sreporterNealConan.“WhatI'mhopingtoaccomplishisthatmygenerationandyoungerstarttoreconsiderandunderstandthatjazzisnotblackandwhiteanymore.It'sactuallycolor，andit'sactuallydigital.”

Moransaysoneoftheproblemswithjazztodayisthattheentertainmentaspectofthemusichasbeenlost.“Themusiccan'tbepresentedtodaythewayitwasin1908or1958.Ithastocontinuetomove，becausethewaytheworldworksisnotthesame，”saysMoran.

Lastyear，MoranworkedonaprojectthatarrangedFatsWaller'smusicforadanceparty，“justtokindofputitbackinthemindthatWallerisdancemusicasmuchasitisconcertmusic，”saysMoran.“Forme，it'stherecontextualization.Inmusic，wheredoestheemotion（情感）lie？

Arewe，ashumans，gaininganyinsight（感悟）onhowtotalkaboutourselvesandhowsomethingasabstractasaCharlieParkerrecordgetsusintoadialogueaboutouremotionsandourthoughts？

Sometimeswelosesightthatthemusichasawidercontext，”saysMoran，“soIwanttocontinuethosedialogues.ThosearethethingsIwanttofoster.”

1．WhydidUNESCOsetApril30asInternationalJazzDay?

A．Torememberthebirthofjazz.

B．Toprotectculturaldiversity.

C．Toencouragepeopletostudymusic.

D．Torecognizethevalueofjazz.

2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3referto?

A．Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.

B．Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.

C．Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.

D．Thejazzaudiencebecominglarger.

3．WhatcanweinferaboutMoran'sopiniononjazz?

A．Itwilldisappeargradually.

B．Itremainsblackandwhite.

C．Itshouldkeepupwiththetimes.

D．Itchangesevery50years.

4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A．ExploringtheFutureofJazz

B．TheRiseandFallofJazz

C．TheStoryofaJazzMusician

D．CelebratingtheJazzDay

【能力提升】

A

Whenaleafyplantisunderattack，itdoesn'tsitquietly.Backin1983，twoscientists，JackSchultzandIanBaldwin，reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscanget.Thesechemicalscomefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm.Whattheplantspumpthroughtheairisamixtureofchemicalsknownasvolatileorganiccompounds，VOCsforshort.

ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeingattacked.It'saplant'swayofcryingout.Butisanyonelistening？

Apparently.Becausewecanwatchtheneighborsreact.

Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butothersdodoubleduty.Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.Oncetheyarrive，the_tables_are_turned.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch.

Instudyafterstudy，itappearsthatthesechemicalconversationshelptheneighbors.Thedamageisusuallymoreseriousonthefirstplant，buttheneighbors，relativelyspeaking，staysaferbecausetheyheardthealarmandknewwhattodo.

Doesthismeanthatplantstalktoeachother?

Scientistsdon'tknow.Maybethefirstplantjustmadeacryofpainorwassendingamessagetoitsownbranches，andso，ineffect，wastalkingtoitself.Perhapstheneighborsjusthappenedto“overhear”thecry.Soinformationwasexchanged，butitwasn'tatrue，intentionalbackandforth.

CharlesDarwin，over150yearsago，imaginedaworldfarbusier，noisierandmoreintimate（亲密的）thantheworldwecanseeandhear.Oursensesareweak.There'sawholelotgoingon.

1．Whatdoesaplantdowhenitisunderattack?

A．Itmakesnoises.

B．Itgetshelpfromotherplants.

C．Itstandsquietly.

D．Itsendsoutcertainchemicals.

2．Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thetablesareturned”inparagraph3?

A．Theattackersgetattacked.

B．Theinsectsgatherunderthetable.

C．Theplantsgetreadytofightback.

D．Theperfumesattractnaturalenemies.

3．Scientistsfindfromtheirstudiesthatplantscan________.

A．predictnaturaldisasters

B．protectthemselvesagainstinsects

C．talktooneanotherintentionally

D．helptheirneighborswhennecessary

4．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A．Theworldischangingfasterthanever.

B．Peoplehavestrongersensesthanbefore.

C．Theworldismorecomplexthanitseems.

D．PeopleinDarwin'stimeweremoreimaginative.

B

Abuildityourselfsolarstill（蒸馏器）isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable.DevelopedbytwodoctorsintheU．S.DepartmentofAgriculture，it'sanexcellentwatercollector.Unfortunately，youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou，sinceit'sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.Theonlycomponentsrequired，though，area5′×5′sheetofclearorslightlymilkyplastic，sixfeetofplastictube，andacontainer—perhapsjustadrinkingcup—tocatchthewater.Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.

Toconstructaworkingstill，useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethe_water_catcher'sproductivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup—andout—thesideofthehole.

Next，covertheholewiththeplasticsheet，securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet'scenterdownwitharock.Theplasticshouldnowformacone（圆锥体）with45degreeangledsides.Thelowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirectlyover，andnomorethanthreeinchesabove，thecup.

Thesolarstillworksbycreatingagreenhouseundertheplastic.Groundwaterevaporates（蒸发）andcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform，rundownthematerial，andfalloffintothecup.Whenthecontainerisfull，youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube，andwon'thavetobreakdownthestilleverytimeyouneedadrink.

5．Whatdoweknowaboutthesolarstillequipmentfromthefirstparagraph?

A．It'sdelicate.　B．It'sexpensive.

C．It'scomplex.D．It'sportable.

6．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher”inparagraph2referto?

A．Thetube.B．Thestill.

C．Thehole.D．Thecup.

7．Whatisthelaststepofconstructingaworkingsolarstill?

A．Digaholeofacertainsize.

B．Putthecupinplace.

C．Weightthesheet'scenterdown.

D．Covertheholewiththeplasticsheet.

8．Whenasolarstillworks，dropsofwatercomeintothecupfrom__________.

A．theplastictube　B．outsidethehole

C．theopenair　　D．beneaththesheet

C

Afteryearsofheateddebate，graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark.FourteenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.Bylastyear，theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrowntomorethan170wolves.

GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates，buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment.Bythe1920s，wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada，wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.

Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyunexpectedresults.Deerandelkpopulations—majorfoodsources（来源）forthewolf—grewrapidly.Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation（植被），whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark.Intheabsenceofwolves，coyotepopulationsalsogrewquickly.Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageofthepark'sredfoxes，andcompletelydroveawaythepark'sbeavers.

Asearlyas1966，biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvestoYellowstonePark.Theyhopedthatwolveswouldbeabletocontroltheelkandcoyoteproblems.Manyfarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthatwolveswouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets.

Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearscomingupwithaplantoreintroducethewolves.TheU．S.FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolfpacksinYellowstone.Today，thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone.Elk，deer，andcoyotepopulationsaredown，whilebeaversandredfoxeshavemadeacomeback.TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.

9．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A．WildliferesearchintheUnitedStates.

B．PlantdiversityintheYellowstonearea.

C．Theconflictbetweenfarmersandgraywolves.

D．ThereintroductionofwolvestoYellowstonePark.

10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“displaced”inparagraph2mean?

A．Tested.B．Separated.

C．Forcedout.D．Trackeddown.

11．Whatdidthedisappearanceofgraywolvesbringabout?

A．Damagetolocalecology.

B．Adeclineinthepark'sincome.

C．Preservationofv