大学翻译硕士MTI历年考研真题上外MTI真题2.docx

大学翻译硕士MTI历年考研真题上外MTI真题2.docx

《大学翻译硕士MTI历年考研真题上外MTI真题2.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《大学翻译硕士MTI历年考研真题上外MTI真题2.docx（17页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

大学翻译硕士MTI历年考研真题上外MTI真题2

翻译硕士英语总分100分

2012年1月7号下午14:

00-17:

00

I.十五个无选项完形填空，每个2分。

总分30分。

ThefutureoftheEU

Two-speedEurope,ortwoEuropes?

Nov10th2011,2:

23byCharlemagne|BRUSSELS

Tweet

NICOLASSarkozyiscausingabigstiraftercallingonNovember8thforatwo-speedEurope:

a“federal”coreofthe17membersoftheeurozone,withalooser“confederal”outerbandoftheten1.non-euromembers.HemadethecommentsduringadebatewithstudentsattheUniversityofStrasbourg.Thekeypassageisbelow（videohere,startingnearthe63-minutemark）

Youcannotmakeasingle2.currencywithouteconomicconvergenceandeconomicintegration.It'simpossible.Butonthecontrary,onecannotpleadforfederalismandatthesametimefortheenlargementofEurope.It'simpossible.There'sacontradiction.Weare27.WewillobviouslyhavetoopenuptotheBalkans.Wewillbe32,33or34.Iimaginethatnobodythinksthat3.federalism—totalintegration—ispossibleat33,34,35countries.

Sowhatonewedo?

Tobeginwith,frankly,thesinglecurrencyisawonderfulidea,butitwasstrangetocreateitwithoutaskingoneselfthequestionofitsgovernance,andwithoutaskingoneselfabouteconomicconvergence.Honestly,it'snicetohaveavision,buttherearedetailsthatare4.missing:

wemadeacurrency,butwekeptfiscalsystemsandeconomicsystemsthatnotonlywerenot5.converging,butwerediverging.Andnotonlydidwemakeasinglecurrencywithoutconvergence,butwetriedtoundotherulesofthepact.Itcannotwork.

Therewillnotbeasinglecurrencywithoutgreatereconomicintegrationandconvergence.Thatiscertain.Andthatiswherewearegoing.Mustonehavethesamerulesforthe27?

No.Absolutelynot[...]Intheend,clearly,therewillbetwoEuropeangears:

onegeartowardsmoreintegrationintheeurozoneandagearthatismoreconfederalintheEuropeanUnion.

Atfirstblushthisisstatementoftheblindinglyobvious.Theeurozonemustintegratetosaveitself;eventheBritishsayso.Andamongthetennon-eurostatesoftheEUtherearecountriessuchasBritainandDenmarkthathaveno6.intentionofjoiningthesinglecurrency.

TheEuropeanUnionis,inasense,madeupnotoftwobutof7.multiplespeeds.Thinkonlyofthe25membersoftheSchengenpassport-freetravelzone（excludingBritainbutincludingsomenon-EUmembers）,orofthe25statesseekingtocreateacommonpatent（includingBritain,butexcludingItalyandSpain）.

ButMrSarkozy’scommentsaremoreworryingbecause,onesuspects,hewantstocreateanexclusivist,protectionisteurozonethatseeksto8.detachitselffromtherestoftheEuropeanUnion.ElsewhereinthedebateinStrasbourg,forinstance,MrSarkozyseemstosuggestthatEurope’s9.troubles—debtandhighunemployment—areallthe10.faultofsocial,environmentalandmonetary“dumping”bydevelopingcountriesthatpursue“aggressive”tradepolicies.

Foranother11.insightintoMrSarkozy’sthinkingaboutEurope,oneshouldlistentoaninterviewhegaveafewdaysearlier,attheendofthemarathon-summitryinBrusselsattheendofOctober（videohere,startingatabout54:

30）:

Idon'tthinkthereisenougheconomicintegrationintheeurozone,the17,andtoomuchintegrationintheEuropeanUnionat27.

Inotherwords,France,orMrSarkozyatanyrate,doesnotappeartohavegotoverits12.resentmentoftheEU’senlargement.At27nations-strong,theEuropeanUnionistoobigforFrancetolorditovertherestandistooliberalineconomictermsforFrance’sprotectionistleanings.HenceMrSarkozy’syearningforasmaller,cosier,“federalist”eurozone.

Suchideasappearedtohavebeenkilledoffbythelargeeastward13.enlargementoftheEUin2004,andbytheFrenchvoters’rejectionoftheEU'snewconstitutionin2005.Buttheeurozone’sdebt14.crisisisrevivingtheseolddreams.

Butwhatsortoffederalism?

MrSarkozyprobablywantstocreateaeurozoneinFrance’s15.image,withpower（andmuchdiscretion）concentratedinthehandsofleaders,wherethe“Merkozy”duo（AngelaMerkelandNicolasSarkozy）willdominate.Germanywillnodoubtwantareplicaofitsownfederalsystem,withstrongrulesandpowerfulindependentinstitutionstoconstrainpoliticians.LeMondecarriesaseriesofarticles（inFrench）onwhatatwo-speedEuropemaymean.

Iftheeurozonesurvivesthecrisis—andthemeltdownofItaly’sbondsinthemarketssuggeststhatisbecomingevermoredifficult—itwillplainlyrequiredeepreformoftheEU’streaties.Doneproperly,bykeepingtheeuroopentocountriesthatwanttojoin（likePoland）anddeepeningthesinglemarketforthosethatdonot（likeBritain）,thecreationofamoreflexibleEUofvariablegeometrycouldeasemanyoftheexistingtensions.Furtherenlargementneednolongerbesoneuralgic;furtherintegrationneednolongerbeimposedonthosewhodonotwantit.

Butdonewrongly,asonefearsMrSarkozywouldhaveit,thiswillbearecipeforbreakingupEurope.Nottwo-speedEuropebuttwoseparateEuropes.

II.一篇阅读理解，5个问题，总分30分

来自经济学人

Worldpopulation

Nowwearesevenbillion

Persuadingwomentohavefewerbabieswouldhelpinsomeplaces.Butitisnoanswertoscarceresources

Oct22nd2011|fromtheprintedition

.

.

IN1980JulianSimon,aneconomist,andPaulEhrlich,abiologist,madeabet.MrEhrlich,authorofabestsellingbook,called“ThePopulationBomb”,pickedfivemetals—copper,chromium,nickel,tinandtungsten—andsaidtheirpriceswouldriseinrealtermsoverthefollowingtenyears.MrSimonbetthatpriceswouldfall.ThewagersymbolisedthedisputebetweenMalthusianswhothoughtarisingpopulationwouldcreateanageofscarcity（andhighprices）andthose“Cornucopians”,suchasMrSimon,whothoughtmarketswouldensureplenty.

MrSimonwoneasily.Pricesofallfivemetalsfellinrealterms.Astheworldeconomyboomedandpopulationgrowthbegantoebbinthe1990s,Malthusianpessimismretreated.

Itisreturning.OnOctober31sttheUNwilldubanewborntheworld’s7billionthlivingperson.The6billionth,AdnanNevic,borninOctober1999,willbeonlytwoweekspasthis12thbirthday.IfMessrsSimonandEhrlichhadendedtheirbettoday,insteadofin1990,MrEhrlichwouldhavewon.Whatwithhighfoodprices,environmentaldegradationandfalteringgreenpolicies,peopleareagainworryingthattheworldisovercrowded.Somewantrestrictionstocutpopulationgrowthandforestallecologicalcatastrophe.Aretheyright?

Lowerfertilitycanbegoodforeconomicgrowthandsociety（seearticle）.Whenthenumberofchildrenawomancanexpecttobearinherlifetimefallsfromhighlevelsofthreeormoretoastablerateoftwo,ademographicchangesurgesthroughthecountryforatleastageneration.Childrenarescarcer,theelderlyarenotyetnumerous,andthecountryhasabulgeofworking-ageadults:

the“demographicdividend”.Ifacountrygrabsthisone-offchanceforproductivitygainsandinvestment,economicgrowthcanjumpbyasmuchasathird.

Lessismore

However,thefallinfertilityisalreadyadvancedinmostoftheworld.Over80%ofhumanitylivesincountrieswherethefertilityrateiseitherbelowthreeandfalling,oralreadytwoorless.Thisisthanksnottogovernmentlimitsbuttomodernisationandindividuals’desireforsmallfamilies.Wheneverthestatehaspushedfertilitydown,theresulthasbeenablight.China’sone-childpolicyisaviolationofrightsandademographicdisaster,upsettingthebalancebetweenthesexesandbetweengenerations.Chinahasabulgeofworkingadultsnow,butwillbearaheavyburdenofretiredpeopleafter2050.Itisaluridexampleofthedangersofcoercion.

Enthusiastsforpopulationcontrolsaytheydonotwantcoercion.Theythinkmilderpolicieswouldhelptosavetheenvironmentandfeedtheworld.AstheWorldBankpointsout,globalfoodproductionwillhavetorisebyabout70%betweennowand2050tofeed9billion.Butifthepopulationstaysflat,foodproductionwouldhavetorisebyonlyaquarter.

WhenMrSimonwonhisbethewasabletosaythatrisingpopulationwasnotaproblem:

increaseddemandattractsinvestment,producingmore.Butthisprocessonlyappliestothingswithaprice;notiftheyarefree,asaresomeofthemostimportantglobalgoods—ahealthyatmosphere,freshwater,non-acidicoceans,furrywildanimals.Perhaps,then,slowerpopulationgrowthwouldreducethepressureonfragileenvironmentsandconserveunpricedresources?

Thatideaisespeciallyattractivewhenotherformsofrationing—acarbontax,waterpricing—arestruggling.Yetthepopulationsthatarerisingfastestcontributeverylittletoclimatechange.Thepooresthalfoftheworldproduces7%ofcarbonemissions.Therichest7%produceshalfthecarbon.SotheproblemliesincountrieslikeChina,AmericaandEurope,whichallhavestablepopulations.ModeratingfertilityinAfricamightboosttheeconomyorhelpstressedlocalenvironments.Butitwouldnotsolveglobalproblems.

Thereremainsonelastreasonforsupportingfamilyplanning:

onsomeestimates,200mwomenroundtheworld—includingaquarterofAfricanwomen—wantcontraceptivesandcannotgetthem.Aquarterofpregnanciesareunplanned.Inourview,parentsoughttodecidehowmanychildrentobringintotheworldandwhen—notthestate,orachurch,orpushygrandparents.Note,though,thatthisisnotanargumentabouttheglobalenvironmentbutindividualwell-being.Moreover,familyplanningappearstodolittledirectlytocontrolthesizeoffamilies:

somestudieshaveshownnoimpactatall;othersonlyamodestextraone.Encouragingsmallerfamiliesinthehighest-fertilityplaceswouldstillbeworthdoing.Itmightboostthee