交大 英语综合教程② 15textA答案.docx
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交大英语综合教程②15textA答案
硕士英语综合教程2
Unit1Human-basedStrategy
TextASuccessfulOrganizationsPutPeopleFirst
III.KeytotheExercises
1.ReadingComprehension
a.Choosethesentencethatbestexpressesthemeaningofthestatementfromthetext.
(1)B
(2)C(3)A(4)A(5)B
b.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationyou’velearnedinthetext.
(1)theyvalueculturaldiversity;theyarefamilyfriendly;theyinvestinemployeetraining;theyempowertheiremployees
(2)theiremployees;HowardSchultz
(3)culturalandtechnicalaspects;coffeeknowledge,productexpertise,customerserviceandinterpersonalskills
(4)fullhealthanddentalcoverage,vacation,andparticipationinthecompanywidestockplancalledBeanStock
(5)selfmanagedworkteams;crossfunctionalteams
2.Vocabulary
a.Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformofthewordsorphrasesyouhavelearnedinthetext.
(1)astute
(2)ignite(3)enthusiasm(4)turnover
(5)transaction(6)interactwith(7)comeintocontactwith(8)empower
(9)superior(10)dropout
b.Choosethewordorphrasethatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedone.
(1)B
(2)D(3)A(4)C(5)B(6)A(7)D(8)B(9)C(10)A
3.Cloze
Chooseanappropriatewordfromthefollowinglisttofillineachofthefollowingblanks.EachwordcanbeusedonlyONCE.Changetheformwherenecessary.
(1)motivated
(2)selecting(3)retain(4)relied
(5)differentiated(6)recruited(7)adaptability(8)prospective
(9)require(10)efficiently(11)comprehensive(12)challenge
(13)survived(14)rate(15)tripled(16)generous
(17)financial(18)reveal(19)premium(20)morale
4.Translation
a.ChinesetoEnglish
1)TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.
(1)Thefascinationgeneratedbyexplorationwillinspireouryoungpeopletostudymath,scienceandengineering,andcreateanewgenerationofinnovatorsandpioneers.
(2)UponreturningtoEngland,heemployedthefavorablemediaattentionasalaunchingpadforhisforayintopolitics.
(3)Owningtothenatureofeverygrowingbusiness,youwillneedtobeonthegoconstantly,andalsobeonthegopreparedtoworkshiftwork,includingnightsandweekends.
(4)InAustralia,gasolinepriceshaveretreated,althoughfallshavebeenlimitedbecauseoftheweaknessoftheAustraliandollaragainstitsAmericancounterpart.
(5)TheAsianeconomyhaspresentedapositivetrend.Somecountrieshaveovercometheimpactofthefinancialcrisisandreviveddevelopment.Asiahasonceagainbecomethespotlightofglobaleconomicgrowth.
(6)China’saccessiontotheWTOcanpromotenotonlythedevelopmentofChineseeconomy,butalsothatoftheworldeconomyandwillinjectnewimpetusintotheprogressofAsianeconomyandworldeconomy.
(7)Thegrowingquantityofinformation,couplewiththedevelopmentoftechnologies,erablethestorageanddeliveryofmoreinformationwithgreaterspeedtomorelocationsthanhaseverbeenpossiblebefore.
(8)Thefutureissomethingwhicheveryonereachesattherateofsixtyminutesanhour,whateverhedoes,whoeverheis.
2)TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.
It’sactuallyprettynatural,andalmostunavoidable,formanagerstoformexpectationsoftheirworkers.Researchhasfoundthatinanorganization,ourexpectationsofotherscanbetieddirectlytoproductivity,profitability,andyes-motivation!
Ifyouhavehighexpectationsofyouremployees,youwillpossessapowerfulandeffectivetoolforimprovingperformanceandmotivationwithinyourorganization.Performanceisoftenamatterofexpectations.Managersandsupervisorsformexpectationsofothers,whichtheninfluencehowtheyinteractwiththosepeople.Ifyoudon’texpectmuchfromyouremployees,theywillsensethatandperformpoorly.Why?
Becauseyourexpectationsofthemaffecttheirdesiretodowell.Thepointisthatpeoplenaturallytrytoliveuptoourexpectationsofthem,orlivedowntothem,whateverthecasemaybe.Soexpectthebestfromyouremployeesanddon’tbesurprisedifthat’sexactlywhatyouget!
b.EnglishtoChinese
1)TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.
哪些做法才能区分以人为本的公司呢?
我们至少可以列出四条:
第一,它们重视文化的多样性。
他们根据年龄、性别和种族积极寻求一支多元化的员工队伍。
第二,它们具有家庭氛围。
公司通过为其员工提供灵活的工作时间以及现场托儿服务设施等帮助员工平衡工作和个人职责之间的关系。
第三,它们对员工培训进行投资。
这些公司花费巨资以确保员工的技能水平始终保持最新状态。
这不仅确保员工可以处理该公司的最新技术和工艺,而且还使这样的员工极具市场竞争力。
第四,以人为本的公司将权力下放给员工。
它们将权力和义务下放到公司的最底层。
2)ReadthepassagecarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.
(1)首先,如果你把他们安排在那些既能够体现他们自身价值同时又对公司发展有利的岗位上,他们将会更加愿意展现出自己最棒的一面。
(2)如果你想激励员工让他们尽最大努力完成自己的工作,如果你想让他们成为公司最有价值的资产,那就让他们有公司的主人的感觉吧。
(3)你作为领导应该知道员工积极性与其工作表现之间有直接的联系。
事实上,这种联系取决于你公司的文化以及公司文化灌输给员工的热情。
(4)员工能提出越多关于自己工作的想法,也越有可能接受你的看法。
(5)只有当员工像老板进行投资那样决定投入自己的能力和精力的时候,他们才是真的“认同”,因此请给员工参与制定绩效标准的机会。
Unit2HigherEducation
TextATheLongHaulDegree
III.KeytotheExercises
1.Readingcomprehension
a.Choosethesentencethatbestexpressesthemeaningofthestatementfromthetext.
(1)B
(2)A(3)C(4)A(5)B
b.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationyou’velearnedinthetext.
(1)graduatestudentsspendmuchlongertimegettingadegree;it’shardforthemtolookforatenuretrackteachingjobatacollegeoruniversity
(2)apresidentoftheCouncilofGraduateSchools;thesystemoffinancinginAmerica
(3)thatgraduateprogramshaveaddedmorestrictrequirements;thatexpectationsforwhatadegreeholderissupposedtohaveaccomplishedhaveradicallyincreased
(4)improvethequalityofeducation;increasethedemandformoretenuredfacultymembersovertime
(5)graduateschoolssocializestudentsintobelievingtheycan’tleaveacademeorshouldn’t
2.Vocabulary
a.Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformofthewordsorphrasesyouhavelearnedinthetext.
(1)recipient
(2)apprenticeships(3)dissertation(4)tenure(5)adjunct
(6)mentor(7)perpetuate(8)unattainable(9)taint(10)shrunk
b.Choosethewordorphrasethatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedone.
(1)B
(2)C(3)A(4)C(5)C(6)B(7)D(8)A(9)B(10)A
3.Cloze
Chooseanappropriatewordfromthefollowinglisttofillineachofthefollowingblanks.EachwordcanbeusedonlyONCE.Changetheformwherenecessary.
(1)limited
(2)program(3)in(4)receiving(5)found
(6)but(7)between(8)closed(9)While(10)practice
(11)grind(12)often(13)among(14)which(15)opportunities
(16)enrollment(17)who(18)turn(19)other(20)like
4.Translation
a.ChinesetoEnglish
1)TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.
(1)Risingoilpricesaretypicallynegativeforcorporateprofitssincetheyboostexpensesandeatintoconsumers’discretionaryincome.
(2)Anditfollowsfromthis,Hobbesbelieves,thatthesovereignhastherighttodecidewhatopinions,whatbooks,whatideasareconducivetopeaceandwhichonesaimsimplytostirupwaranddiscontent?
(3)ResearchersinGermanysaythatacancerfightingsubstancefoundinhopscouldbeenhancedtobrewaspecialanticancerbeer.
(4)Afabledbird,identifiedwiththekingfisher,wassupposedtohavethepowertocalmthewindandthewaveswhileitnestedontheseaduringthewintersolstice.
(5)Bicyclistsoftenrideasthoughtwowheeledvehiclesareexemptfromalltrafficlaws.
(6)Theinstructorshouldnotrebukethegirlstudentforhersmallmistakeinfrontofallclassmates.Giventhatsheisinexperienced,shehasdoneagoodjob.
(7)Fromabroaderperspective,higherattritionratewouldaffectthedevelopmentoftheindustryasawhole.Sothenecessityistoshortentheapprenticeship.
(8)IhavetolevelwithyoubecauseIdon’twantanymisunderstandingbetweenus,sohowcanyoujustifyspendingsomuchmoney?
2)TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.
Theerror—theheresy—istothinkthattheentirepurposeofeducationistogetyouabetterjob:
thattheentirefunctionofanindividuallifeistomakeasmuchmoneyaspossible.Noonesaidtome,readFinnegansWakeandyou’llmakeabloodyfortune;that’sthewholepointofreadingthedamnthing.It’saterribleshame,andIfeelhorriblysadforthepeoplewhomustgothroughitall,carryingtheburdenofeconomicexpectationratherthenthespiritofexplorationandadventure.Wewerealltoobusytryingtosussoutthemeaningoflifetobesidetrackedbysuchsideissuesascareers,untilthetimecametomeetrealityheadon.Thathasn’tstoppedanumberofolduniversityfriendsfrombeingconspicuouslysuccessful.Therefore,thepurposeofeducationissupposedtomakeyourich,notwealthy.
b.EnglishtoChinese
1)TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.
比如,英语文学专业一年级和二年级博士生可能不会面对像他们的医学和法律学院的同伴那样令人头疼的课程负担或者以不正当手段进行的竞争,但是以后有更持久而艰苦的工作等待着他们。
博士生不仅被要求掌握一系列广泛的知识,而且要在本研究领域撰写一本几乎像书一样厚的学位论文,依据学科的不同,有的可能最终被搁置一旁,就像埃普索泻盐的商标被贴在药箱的后面一样泰然自若。
这些学生必须通过拼凑各种补助金和工钱来获得他们的生活费用,这些工钱是他们帮助教授本科生的课程所赚取的,但也占用了他们的研究时间。
三年级的医学专业学生因为在医院的轮流值班而累得两眼模糊,但干这种工作至少是在为取得学位而努力。
2)ReadthepassagecarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.
(1)如今,越来越多的高等教育机构开设的专业课程,看上去就像通向诱人工作的捷径:
你可以研究体育或是新闻学,或是电视,或是流行音乐,甚至时尚,上帝啊。
(2)今天的“可持续性教育”则并不仅限于在本地进行,还拓展到了全世界——它是一个由各种合作性项目组成的网络,这个网络超越政治界限,让儿童和成年人都参与进来,使人们的需求与环境相协调。
(3)美国教育的崛起在很大程度上指的是公共教育的兴盛——而过去30年里,有一种观点始终在美国的政治舞台上唱主角,那就是政府的所有开支都是在浪费纳税人的钱。
(4)最近我对于教育的目的进行了相当多的思考,因为这周五我的母校布里斯托尔大学将授予我“名誉文学博士”学位,对此,我的朋友们,特别是在大学期间就认识我的朋友们感到既惊讶,又好笑。
(5)即便没有当前这场经济危机的影响,单就美国难以把那些经济拮据的学生留在学校而言,人们也完全有理由预见,美国在这类排名中会进一步下滑。
Unit3CyberspaceNetwork
TextABattlingtheCyberWarmongers
III.KeytotheExercises
1.ReadingComprehension
a.Choosethesentencethatbestexpressesthemeaningofthestatementfromthetext.
(1)A
(2)C(3)B(4)C(5)A
b.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationyou’velearnedinthetext.
(1)infrastructure,includingairtraffic,financialmarketsandevenbasicemail;incompetent,in