专八改错.docx

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专八改错

Successfulagingisapsychologicalfeat.Fearfor__1__

  death,forexample,maysometimesoppressyou.

  evenwhenthisissuccessfullyovercome,thereisstill

  somethingforyoutodealwith-loneliness.Loneliness

  canspeedyourdemisenomatterconscientiously__2__

  youcareforyourbody.“Wegothroughlifesurrounded

  byprotectiveconvoysofothers,”saysRobert

  Kahn,apsychologistoftheUniversityofMichigan

  whostudiedthehealtheffectsofcompanionship.“People__3__

  whomanagetomaintainanetworkofsocialsupportdo

  best.”Onestudyofelderlyheart-attackpatients

  foundthatthosewithtwoormorecloseassociations__4__

  enjoyedtwicetheone-yearsurvivalrateofthosewho

  werecompletelyalone.

  Companionshipaside,healthyoldstersseemto

  shareaknackformanagingstress,poisonthatcontributes__5__

  measurablytoheartdisease,cancerandaccidents.

  Researchershavealsobeenkinkedsuccessfulaging__6__

  tomentalstimulation.Anidlebrainwilldeteriorate

  justassureasanunusedleg,notesDr.GeneCohen,__7__

  HeadofthegerontologycenteratGeorgeWashington

  University.Butjustasexercisecanpreventmuscle__8__

  atrophy,mentalchallengesseemtopreserveboth

  themindandtheimmunesystem.Butwhatmost

  impressesresearcherswhostudytheoldestoldis

  hissimpledriveandresilience.“Peoplewhoreach100__9__

  arenotquitters,”saysAdleroftheNationalCentenarian

  AwarenessProject.“Theysharearemarkableabilityto

  renegotiatelifeineveryturn,toaccepttheinevitablelosses__10__

  Andmoveon.”

  参考答案及解析:

  1.把for改为of

  与fear搭配的介词通常是of,表示对…的恐惧。

  2.在nomatter后面加上how

  3.在studied前面加上has

  本文的基调是一般现在时,此句的主语也是现在时,定语从句介绍Roberts做过的研究项目,所以用现在完成时比较合适。

  4.把associations改为associates

  本句的意思是:

一项对高龄心脏病人的研究发现,有两个或者两个以上亲密伙伴陪同的病人在一年危险期的幸存几率是完全无人陪伴的病人的两倍。

  5.在poison前面加上a

  不定冠词修饰不可数名词,该名词后面再加上定语成分对该词进一步说明。

  6.删除been

  7.把sure改为surely

  8.把but改为and

  本句与上一段最后一句在结构(justas)上相似,在意义上是递进关系,不应该用转折连词衔接,用and合适。

  9.把his改为their

  此处的代词应该代替theoldestold,theoldestold表示一类人可以用单数也可以用复数,但是下文提到这些年事极高的老人都用了复数,所以此处也要改为复数,使上下文一致。

  10.把in改为at

  词组ateveryturn意思为“时时,经常”。

 

Morepeopledieoftuberculosisthanofanyotherdiseasecausedbyasingleagent.Thishasprobablybeenthecaseinquiteawhile.Duringthe__1__

  earlystagesoftheindustrialrevolution,perhapsoneineveryseventh__2__

  deathsinEurope’scrowdedcitieswerecausedbythedisease.From__3__

  nowon,though,westerneyes,missingtheglobalpicture,sawthetrouble__4__

  goingintodecline.Withoccasionalbreaksforwar,theratesofdeathand

  infectionintheEuropeandAmericadroppedsteadilythroughthe19thand__5__

  20thcenturies.Inthe1950s,theintroductionofantibioticsstrengthenedthe

  trendinrichcountries,andtheantibioticswereallowedtobeimportedto__6__

  poorcountries.Medicalresearchersdeclaredvictoryandwithdrew.

  Theyarewrong.Inthemid1980sthefrequencyofinfectionsanddeaths__7__

  startedtopickupagainaroundtheworld.Wheretuberculosisvanished,itcame__8__

  back;inmanyplaceswhereithadneverbeenaway,itgrewbetter.TheWorld__9__

  HealthOrganizationestimatesthat1.7billionpeople(athirdoftheearth’s

  population)sufferfromtuberculosis.Evenwhentheinfectionratewasfalling,

  populationgrowthkeptthenumberofclinicalcasesmoreorlessconstantlyat8__10__

  millionayear.Around3millionofthosepeopledied,nearlyalloftheminpoor

  countries.

  参考答案:

    1将in改为for;forquiteawhile作“相当长时间”讲.

  2将seventh改为seven

  3将were改为was

  这个谓语动词的主语是单数短语oneineverysevendeaths,因此要使用单数.

  4将now改为then

  5将Europe前的the去掉

  6将imported改为exported

  根据上下文,应该是向穷国出口抗生素,而不是从这些国家进口抗生素.

  7将are改为were

  8在vanished前加had

  这里要表达的是“结核病原来消失的地方,又爆发了结核病”,所以要使用过去完成时.

  9将better改为worse

  在结合病没有消失的地方,这种病更加严重了,因此要用worse.

  10将constantly改为constant

  在“keepsb/sthadj”结构中的形容词作补语.

 

Whydoestheideaofprogressloomsolargein

  themodernworld?

Surelybecauseprogressofparticu-

  larkindisactuallytakingplacearoundusandismore

  andmoremanifesting.Althoughmankindhasunderg-__1__

  onenogeneralimprovementinintelligenceormorali-

  ty,ithasmadeextraordinaryprogressintheaccumu-

  lationofknowledge.Knowledgebeginstoincreaseas__2__

  soonasthethoughtsofoneindividualcouldbecom-

  municatedtoanotherbymeanofspeech.Withthein-__3__

  ventionofwriting,knowledgecouldbecommunicated

  andstored.Librariesmadeeducationpossible,and

  educationinturnaddedlibraries:

thegrowthofknowl-__4__

  edgefollowedakindofcompound-interestlaw,

  whichwasgreatlyenhancedbytheinventionofprint-

  ing.Allthiswascomparativelyslowuntil,withthe

  comingofscience,thetempowassuddenlyrisen.__5__

  thenknowledgebegantobeaccumulatedaccordingto

  asystematicplan.However,assoonasnewknowl-__6__

  edgeisacquired,itisnowturnedtopracticalac-

  count.Whatiscalled“moderncivilization”isnotthe

  resultofabalanceddevelopmentofallman’snature,

  butnotofaccumulatedknowledgeappliedtopractical__7__

  life.Theproblemnowfacinghumanityis:

whatisgo-

  ingtobedonewithallthisknowledge?

Likeisoften__8__

  pointedout,knowledgeisatwoedgedweaponwhich

  couldbeusedequallyforgoodorevil.Itisnowbeing__9__

  usedindifferentlyforboth.Couldanyspectacle,for

  instance,bemoregrimlywhimsicalthanthatgunners__10__

  usingsciencetoshattermen’sbodieswhile,closeat

  hand,surgeonsuseittorestorethem.

  参考答案及解析:

  1.把manifesting改为manifest

  manifesting不能做形容词,而如果把它理解成现在进行词,后面又缺乏宾语,所以应该改为形容词manifest,表示“显然的,明显的”.

  2.把begins改为began

  根据下一行出现的could可以判断本句是过去时.

  3.把mean改为means.bymeansof是固定用法.

  4.在added后面加上to

  如果add后面不加to,此句就表示“把图书馆加到某个事物上去”,加上to,表示给图书馆增加了内容,符合句义.

  5.把risen改为raised

  rise是不及物动词,不能用于被动语态.

  6.把However改为Moreover

  此句的意思是:

新知识一经获得,马上就得到实际应用.这是对上文的追加,不存在转折关系,因此应该用moreover.

  7.删除but后面的not

  8.把Like改为As

  9.把could改为can

  主句为现在时,而从句也不表示虚拟,所以应该用现在时.

  10.在that后面加上of.

  为了避免重复,这里用that指代spectacle,后面的gunnerusing是that的内容.因此应该用介词of引出.

 

Somepeoplesaylovemakestheworldgoaround.

  Otherssayitisnotlove;it’smoney.Sincethe__1__

  truthisthatitisenergythatmakestheworld

  goaround.Energyisthecurrencyoftheecological

  systemandlifebecomespossibleevenwhenfoodis__2__

  convertedintoenergy,whichinturnsisusedtoseek

  morefoodtogrow,toreproduceandtosurvive.Inthis__3__

  cyclealllifedepends.Itisfairlywellknownthat

  wildanimalssurvivefromyeartoyearbyeatingasmanyas__4__

  theycanduringtimesofplenty,thesummerandfall,

  storingtheexcess,usuallyintheformoffat,andthen

  usingthesereservesoffattosurviveduringthehardtime__5__

  inwinterwhenfoodisscarce.Butitisprobablylesswell

  knownthatevenwiththeirstoredfat,wildanimalsspend

  lessenergytoliveinwinterthaninsummer.Agoodcase

  inpointiswhite-taileddeer.Likemostwildlife,deer__6__

  reproduce,grow,andstorefatinthesummerandfall

  whenthereisplentyofnutritiousfoodavailable.A

  physicallymaturefemaledeerinthegoodconditionwho__7__

  hasconceivedinNovemberandwasgivenbirthtotwofawns__8__

  duringtheendofMayandfirstpartofJune,mustsearch

  forfoodforthenecessaryenergynotonlytomeether

  body’sneedsbutalsotoreproducemilkforherfawns.The__9__

  bestmilkproductionoccursatthesametimethatnewplant

  growthisavailable.Thisisgoodtiming,becausemilk

  productionisanenergyconsumingprocess--itrequires

  alotoffood.Theneedcanbemetunlesstheregionhas__10__

  amplefoodresources.

  答案及解析:

  1.Since--however/But

  该句子与前面两个句子在意义和逻辑上是转折关系,而since只能引导原因状语从句或者时间状语从句。

  2.even--only

  用only强调条件whenfoodisconvertedintoenergy,表示“只有当食物转化为能量时”,而even没有这个意思。

  3.In--On

  此处实际上考查的是dependon,为了强调状语,把onthiscycle放在了句首,正常的顺序应该是“Alllifedependsonthiscycle”。

  4.many--much

  这里much指代的是不可数名词food。

  5.time--times

  根据上下文的语境,此处time为“某一时期的生活状况,环境等”的含义,一般用复数形式times,再如:

Welivedthroughterribletimesduringthewaryears。

  6.is^--the

  这句话是说:

一个很好的例子是白尾鹿。

这里是表示特指,所以white-taileddeer前面应该有定冠词the。

  7.the--ingoodcondition为一个习语,good前面没有冠词。

再如:

Thegoodsarrivedingoodcondition。

  8.was--句子的主语是怀孕的成年母鹿,与givebirthto是施动者与动作的关系,不应用被动语态。

  9.reproduce--produce

  根据常识和上下文的内容母鹿所需的能量是为了产奶(producemilk),而不是繁殖奶(reproducemilk)。

  10.can^--not

  句中用到的是“not…unless…”这一固定结构表示“除非…,才能…”

 

Citiescanbefrightenedplaces.Themajorityof__1__

  thepopulationliveinnoisymassivetowerblocks.The

  senseofbelongingtoacommunitytendstoappear__2__

  whenyoulivethirtyfloorsupinaskyscraper.Strange__3__

  enough,whereasinthepasttheinhabitantsofone

  streetallkneweachother,nowadayspeopleonthe

  samefloorintowerblocksevensayhellotoeach__4__

  other.

  Countrylife,ontheotherhand,differsfromthis

  kindofisolatedexistenceinthatasenseofcommunity

  generallykeeptheinhabitantsofasmallvillagetogeth-__5__

  er.Peoplehavetheadvantageofknowingthatthereis

  alwayssomeonetoturntowhentheyneedhelp.So__6__

  countrylifehasdisadvantagestoo.Forexample,

  shoppingbecomesamajorproblemandforanything

  slightlyoutoftheordinaryyouhavetogoforanexpe-__7__

  ditiontothenearestlargetown.Thecountryhasthe

  advantageofpeacefulandquiet,butsuffersfromthe__8__

  disadvantagesofbeingcutoff.Thecityhasnoiseand

  populationwhichdoharmtohumanhealt

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