第一轮复习定语从句.docx
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第一轮复习定语从句
学习必备欢迎下载
定语从句复习提纲
关系代词:
关系副词:
※定语从句三步:
第一找出先行词;
第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语或状语);第三选择合适的关系词
一、只用that不用which的情况
1,当先行词是all,little,few,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等不定代词时。
如:
Everythingthathappenedthenwaslikeanightmare.
2,当先行词被only,any,few,little,no,all,just,very(恰好的,表示强调)等词修饰时。
例如:
Theonlythingthatwecoulddowastowait.
3、当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
例如:
ThefirstplacethatwevisitedwastheGreatWall.
4、被修饰词为数词时。
例如:
YesterdayIcaughttwofishandputtheminabasinofwater.Nowyoucanseethetwothatarestillalive.
5、主句是Therebe结构,修饰主语的定语从句宜用that作关系代词修饰物。
例句:
There’sstillaroomthatisfree.
6、先行词中同时包括人和物时。
例如:
Wetalkedaboutthepeopleandthevillagesthatweremembered.
7、当主句中有who,which时,而定语从句中也要用到who或
等重叠,定语从句要用that引导。
例如:
which
时,为了避免
whowho,which
which
Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythedoor?
8、人或物在定语从句中作表语时,用
that引导定语从句,而
that通常也可以省略。
例如:
Heisnolongerthemanthathewas.
二、修饰物只用which不用that的情况
1.引导非限制性定语从句时。
例如:
Bambooishollow,whichmakesitlight.
2.当关系词前有介词时。
例如:
ThisistheroominwhichChairmanMaooncelived.
3.在一个句子中有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that,另一个宜用which。
例如:
LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.
4.当关系代词后面有插入语时。
例如:
5.先行词为that时。
例如:
Theclockisthatwhichcantellusthetime.钟是报时的装置。
练习:
that和which的用法区别
1.
Iwilltellhimall
youtoldmeattheball.
2.
Theonlything
wecoulddowastowait.
3.
Thefirstplace
wevisitedwastheGreatWall.
4.
LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrary
wasnewlyopentous.
5.
There’sstillaroom
isfree.
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6.
Wetalkedaboutthepeopleandthevillages
weremembered.
7.
Whichofthetwocows
youkeepproducesmoremilk?
8.
Thevillageisnolongertheone______itusedtobe10yearsago.
9.
Bambooishollow,
makesitlight.
10.Thisistheroomin
ChairmanMaooncelived.
三、修饰人时只用who不用that的情况
1、先行词为one,ones,anyone,those指代人时。
如:
ThepersonIwanttolearnfromisonewhostudieshardandworkswell.
2、在Therebe结构中,修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人。
例如:
There’sagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.
3、当先行词有较长的后置定语时。
例如:
ImetaforeignerintheparkyesterdayafternoonwhocouldspeakChineseverywell.
4、一个句子中带有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词是
that,
另一个宜用
who
以避免重复。
例
如:
Thestudentthatwaspraisedatyesterday’smeetingisthemonitorwhoisverymodestanddworks.veryhar
注意:
当关系代词前面有介词时,只能用whom。
例如:
Thepersontowhomthisletterwasaddresseddiedthreeyearsago.
练习:
who和
that
的用法区别情况
1.ThepersonIwanttolearnfromisone
studieshardandworkswell.
2.There’sagentlemanwantstoseeyou.
3.Imetaforeignerintheparkyesterdayafternoon
4.Thestudentthatwaspraisedatyesterday
couldspeakChineseverywell.
’smeetingisthemonitorisverymodestandworks
veryhard.
四、way在定语从句作先行词的用法
当先行词为way,关系词在从句中作状语时,定语从句的引导词可用
关系词在句中作主语或宾语时,则用which或that引导。
如:
Thisistheway(that/inwhich)Idosuchthings.
Pleasedotheexperimentintheway(that/which)Ihaveshownyou.
inwhich,that
或省略引导词。
但如果
练习:
way在定语从句中作先行词的用法
1.Theway__heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.
2.Theway__heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.
3.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_____hesaidit.
A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich
五、在定语从句中作状语的关系副词
when,where,why的用法
1、先行词为"时间名词",可用when引导定语从句,when在定语从句中作状语,此时的when相当于during/
on/in/...which(介词同先行词搭配);还可以用which或that引导,which或that在从句中作主语或
宾语。
Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichmybrotherjoinedthearmy.(作状语)
Istillrememberthedayswhich/thatwespenttogether.(作宾语)
练习:
①Nextmonth,youwillbeinyourhometown,isjustaroundthecorner.
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②Thereareoccasions
jokingisnotpermissible.
③Istillrememberthedays
welivedtogether.
④Istillrememberthedays
wespenttogether.
2、先行词是"地点名词",定语从句可用where引导,where在从句中做状语,此时的where相当于in/
on/...which(介词同先行词搭配);还可用which或that引导,which/that在从句中作主语或宾语。
比较:
Thisisthefactorywhere/inwhichheworkedlastyear.(作状语)
at/
Thisistheparkwhich/thattheyvisitedlastyear.(作宾语)
※如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,part,condition和case等表示抽象意义的词,常用where引导,
意思是“到了某种地步,在某种境况中”(前提是从句中缺少状语)。
※“fromwhere”中的where是关系代词,可以引导定语从句。
例如:
Hisheadsoonappearedoutofthewindow,fromwherehesawnothingbuttrees.(fromwhere相当于fromout
ofthewindow.而不是fromthewindow)
Heclimbeduptothetopofthetemple,fromwherehecouldseenothingbuttrees.
That’stheplacefromwheretheriverbranchesout.
练习:
①Thisisthefactorytheyworkedlastyear.
②Thisisthefactorytheyvisitedlastyear.
③Ithinkyouhavegottothepointachangeisneeded,oryouwouldfail.
④He'sgothimselfintoadangeroussituationhe'slikelytolosecontroloftheplane.
⑤Theystoodonthetopofthebuilding,fromtheycouldseethewholecity.
3、先行词是表示原因的名词reason时,可以用why引导定语从句,why在定语从句中作原因状语,可用
forwhich替代;当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时,则用which或that引导。
如:
Thereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn'tattendthemeetingwasthathewasill.(作状语)
Idon'tbelievethereason(that/which)hegaveme.(作宾语)
练习:
①Thereasonhedidn'tattendthemeetingwasthathewasill.
②Canyoutellmethereasonyoudidn’tfinishyourhomework?
③Idon'tbelievethereasonhegaveme.
④Haveyouaskedhimthereasonmayexplainhissuccess?
六、whose引导的定语从句
whose引导定语从句时,其先行词可以指人,也可以指物,当先行词指物时,可以用
或者“ofwhichthe+名词”代替“whose+名词”结构。
例如:
Hestudiesinaschoolwhosebuildings(=thebuildingsofwhich)arebuiltontopofahill.
“the+名词+ofwhich
”
练习:
①Hestudiesinaschoolwhosebuildings(=)arebuiltontopofahill.
②RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,_______wasveryreasonable.
A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose
七、as作关系代词引导的定语从句
1、引导限制性定语从句。
在主句中常有thesame,so或such与as相呼应,(thesameas;thesame;as
suchas;so)as在定语从句中可作主语、宾语、主语补足语等。
as引出的定语从句带有比较意义,
从句常常只写出比较部分,但as本身不可省略。
例如:
Heusedsuchexpressionsashecouldfindinthetexts.
Theystayedforthenightinthesameroomastheyhadoncerented.
※注意:
在thesame后也可用that引导定语从句,但含义有所不同。
that引出的从句,指的是与先行词
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同一的事物,而as引导的从句指的是与先行词同类的事物。
例如:
ThisisthesamebagasIlostyesterday.
ThisisthesamebagthatIlostyesterday.
2、引导非限制性定语从句。
指主句的全部或部分内容。
常译为“正如”“就像”等,定语从句可以
置于主句之前、之中或之后。
as后常接expect,know,report,expect,pointout,say,see等动词的主、被动
语态。
Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.(as=Asisknowntoall,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.=It'sknowntoallthatsmokingisharmfultoone'shealth.
作宾语)
(as作主语)
(主语从句)
或:
Smokingisharmfultoone'shealth,asweallknow.(as作宾语)或:
Smoking,asweallknow,isharmfultoone'health.
Hewasaforeigner,asIknewfromhisaccent.(宾语,先行词是前面整个句子)
注意:
as,which引导非限制性定语从句的区别:
1)、都可以代整个主句,相当于
andthis或andthat.
2)、as从句可放在句首,而which从句不能。
3)、as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,
从句中的谓语必须是系动词;
如果为行为动词,则从句
中的关系代词只能用
which.例如:
Itrainedhardyesterday,whichpreventedmefromgoingtothepark.
★比较:
thesameasvs.thesamethat
sothat
vs.
soas
suchthat
vs.
suchas
ThisisthesamebikeasIboughtlastweek.
ThisisthesamebookthatIlostyesterday.
Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.
Itissobigastonethatnoonecanliftit.
HehassuchagoodlaptopasIwanttobuy.
HehassuchagoodlaptopthatIwanttobyone.
八、关系词作主语时,其谓语动词的数取决于先行词
尤其是“oneofthe+复数名词”这一结构后面的定语从句中的谓语动词,通常用复数形式,与定语从
句所靠近的那个复数名词在数上保持一致。
但如果“oneofthe+复数名词”这一结构前面带有
the/only/the
only
之类的限定语,从句的谓语动词则要用单数形式。
①Tomisoneoftheboyswholatethatmorning.
②Tomisthe(only/theonly)oneoftheboyswholatethatmorning.
③Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoawinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.
A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen
九,被分隔的定语从句
定语从句一般紧接被它所修饰的先行词,但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分,
使它与先行
词分隔开来,这种定语从句叫作被分隔的定语从句。
①Therearemanythousandsofstarsintheskythatarelikethesun.
②DoyourememberoneafternoontenyearsagowhenIcametoyourhouseandborroweda
diamondnecklace?
③AnewmasterwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.
④ThedaysaregoneforeverwhentheChinesepeopleused“foreignoil”.
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※当从句中有插入语时,选择关系词时应注意不要受其干扰。
⑤ThebeggarIthinkispoorisinfactveryrich.
十、“介词+关系代词”考点分析
总的说来,选择介词,一是根据从句中动词或形容词与介词的习惯搭配,二是根据先行词和介词的习惯
搭配,三是根据句子意思表达的需要。
1.考查先行词与介词的搭配习惯这类考题往往要根据具体的语境来选择介词。
如:
①I’llneverforgetthedaywhichshesaidgoodbyetome.
②Thenationalholidayiscoming,_____whichIwillstayatschoolandreviewthelesssons.
③Thecompany______whichIusedtoworkhaschangedalot.
1.考查定语从句中谓语部分的搭配习惯
(1)看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配
①Thedocumentswhichtheyweresearchinghavebeenrecovered.
②Heisamanofgreatknowledge,_____whommuchcanbelearned.
③Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone_______theycantalkfrequently.
A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom
(2)看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配
①HereferredmetosomereferencebookswhichIamnotveryfamiliar.
②Chinaisabeautifulcountry,_____whichwearegreatlyproud.
③Theteachertalkedaboutsomesubjects______whichthestudentswereinterested.
2.考查根据句意确定介词
①Tom,whomthewindowwasbroken,hasbeencriticizedbyhisteacher.
②Iamlookingformyglasses,whichIcan’twatchTVclearly.
③Ineverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:
30p.m._______timemanypeoplehavegonehome.