完整版小学数学英语词汇.docx
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完整版小学数学英语词汇
本讲座所涉及数学词汇大部分出自GMAT(GraduateManagementAdmissionTest的缩写)
及本人的教学积累,由于准备时间不足,不一定百分之百准确,欢迎大家批评指正!
一、小学数学中的英语名词
1.有关数名词
naturalnumber自然数
positivenumber正数
negativenumber负数
oddinteger,oddnumber奇数
eveninteger,evennumber偶数
integer,wholenumber整数
positivewholenumber正整数
negativewholenumber负整数
consecutivenumber连续整数
realnumber实数
rationalnumber,quotientnumber有理数
irrationalnumber无理数
inversenumberofxx的倒数
imaginarynumber虚数
complexnumber复数
compositenumber合数
commondivisor公约数
multiple倍数
(least)commonmultiple(最小)公倍数
(prime)factor(质)因子
commonfactor公因子
ordinaryscale,decimalscale十进希9
binarysystem二进希9
数码code
digital数字
digitally数位units个位tens十位hundredfoldposition百位nonnegative非负的mode众数median中数commonratio公比percentage百分比primenumber质数consecutivenumber连续整数consecutiveeven(odd)integer连续偶(奇)数constant常数
quarter,oneforth四分之一decimal小数
Recurringdecimal循环小数decimalpoint小数点decimalfraction纯小数mixeddecimal混合小数cardinal基数
Ordinalnumber序数
2.有关运算的词Plus,addition加augends,summand被加数addend,加数sum和minus,subtract减minuend被减数subtrahend减数remainder差times,multiply乘
multiplicand,facing被乘数multiplication乘数product积power乘方,幂factorial阶乘divided,divide除dividend被除数divisor除数division除法divisionsign除号divisor因子,除数divisible可被整除的quotient商fraction,quotientnumber分数simplefraction简分数mixednumber带分数properfraction真分数improperfraction假分数,带分数numerator分子denominator分母ratio比率equals,isequivalentto等于isapproximateequalto近似等于,约等于isgreaterthan大于islesserthan小于isequalorgreaterthan大于等于isequalorlesserthan小于等于operate运算operator运算符operationlaw运算律exchangelaw交换律
combinationlaw结合律distributionlaw分配律mean平均数arithmeticmean算术平均数geometricmean几何平均数Weightedaverage加权平均值crossmultiply交叉相乘absolutevalue绝对值mutualdivide辗转相除decimalarithmetic十进制运算binaryarithmetic二进制运算octalarithmetic八进制运算hexadecimalarithmetic十六进制运算squareroot平方根arithmeticsquareroot算术平方根cuberoot立方根radicalsign根号directproportion正比例inverseproportion反比例Leastcommondenominato(rL.C.D)最小公分母Leastcommonmultiple(L.C.M)最小公倍数Greatestcommondivisor(G.C.D)最大公约数approximatevalue近似值函数function
Range值域
Domain定义域
3.有关代数式,方程,不等式,多项式的词Algebra代数algebraicexpression代数式polynomial多项式monomial单项式
term多项式的项
similarterms同类项
combinationsimilarterms同类项
degree多项式的次
equation
equations方程组inequality不等式inequalities不等式组linearequations线性方程组simpleequation—次方程quadraticequation二次方程cubicequation三次方程equationofhigherdegree高次方程factorable可分解因式
in-factorable不可分解因式
originalequation原方程equivalentequation同解方程,等价方程unknownquantity未知量coefficient系数
numericalcoefficient数字系数solution方程的解resoluble可解的inapprehensible不可解的completequadraticform完全平方式Incompletequadraticform不完全平方liketerms,similarterms同类项sufficientandnecessary充要条件ifandonlyif(iff)当且仅当clockwise顺时针方向anticlockwise逆时针方向parentheses括号
4.有关坐标、坐标系的名词
coordinatesystem坐标系coordinate坐标abscissa横坐标ordinate纵坐标numberline数axis轴
lateralaxis横车由verticalaxis纵轴origin原点rectangularcoordinate直角坐标系quadrant象限octant圭卜slope斜率
5.有关集合的名词
set集合
element元素
belongto属于
notbelongto不属于
contain包含barring不包含subset子集emptyset,nullset空集union并集intersection交集propersubset真子集solutionset解集
6.有关数列的名词
sequenee数歹U
generalterm通项formulaofgeneralterm通项公式limit极限arithmeticsequence等差数列geometricsequence等比数列permutation排列combination组合
7.有关简单几何图形的名词Geometry几何beeline,line直线linesegment线段radial射线curve曲线parallellines平行线length长度width宽height高度depth深度angle角rightangle直角straightangle平角roundangle周角acuteangle锐角obtuseangle钝角includedangle夹角complementaryangle余角supplementaryangles补角oppositeverticalangle对顶角alternateangle内错角adjacentangle邻角correspondingangle同位角interiorangle内角exteriorangle外角triangle三角形equilateraltriangle等边三角形scalenetriangle不等边三角形isoscelestriangle等腰三角形righttriangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形circle圆semicircle半圆centerofacircle圆心segmentofacircle弧形radii半径diameter直径plane平面square正方形rectangle长方形quadrilateral四边形parallelogram平行四边形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形polygon多边形regularpolygon正多边形cube立方体rectangularsolid长方体regularsolid正多面体diagonal对角线circularcylinder圆柱体cone圆锥sphere球体solid立体的bisect平分anglebisector角平分线
chord弦side边长perimeter周长endpoint端点midpoint中点surfacearea表面积wholearea全面积volume体积perpendicular垂直congruent全等的similar相似的symmetrical对称的vertex(复数形式vertices)顶点three-viewdrawing三视图leftviewdrawing左视图platformdrawing俯视图frontviewdrawing主视图
8.有关计量单位的名词
meter米
kilometer千米decimeter分米centimeter厘米millimeter毫米nanometer纳米squaremeter平方米cubicmeter立方米gram克kilogram千克ton吨inch英寸foot英尺
yard码Centigrade摄氏Fahrenheit华氏
9.应用问题中的数学名词apply,application应用distance距离direction方向speed,velocity速度temperature温度goods物品cost成本profit利润interest利息discount打折listprice标价markup加价retailprice零售价wholesaleprice批发denote表示,记号decreaseto减少到decreaseby减少了increaseto增加到increaseby增加了percapita每人peryear每年table表格graph图表,曲线图bargraph柱图piechart扇形图extremevalue极值interval区间
openinterval开区间closedinterval闭区间maximumvalue极大值minimumvalue极小值
10.有关学生学习、考试的英语名词axiom公理theorem定理calculation,computation计算operation运算arithmetic四则运算prove,proof证明suppose假设hypothesis假设,猜想proposition命题conclusion结论chapter章section节paragraph段落page页textbook教材,课本course,curriculum课程courseware课件examination,exam考试test测验fillintheblanks填空simpleselect单项选择homework家庭作业exercise,practice练习grade等级score分数,成绩
resultsbook成绩册
testpaper试卷
problem问题
answer答案
totalscore总分
二、小学数学运算的英语表达例句
1.四则运算
AB
C
译文:
A
addBisequalstoC.
/ThesumofAaddBisequalstoC.
A-B
C
译文:
A
minusBisequalstoC.
/TheremainderbetweenAandBisC
AB
C
译文:
A
timesBisequalstoC.
/TheproductbetweenAandBisC.
AB
C
译文:
A
divideBisequalstoC.
/TheratioAbyBisC.
较复杂算式如:
((A
B)CD)EF
译文:
A
addB,thentimesC,andthenminus
D,finallydivideBequalstoC
2.绝对值
x,
当x
0
|x|
x,
当x
0
0,
当x00
译文:
Theabsolutevalueofxisequalstox,whenxisapositivenumber,orequalstox,whenxisanegativenumber,orequalsto0,whenxisequalsto0.
3.幕xyn.译文:
Thevalueofypowerxisn.
22
4.约等于如3.译文:
227thisapproximateequalto3.
5.x四舍五入后的值为y.译文:
Thevalveofround8.35is8.
6.长度、距离、面积、体积等
|AB|10cm,dAB7.8dm,SABC100m2,V球A115cm3等.
译文:
ThelengthoflinesegmentofABis10cm.
ThedistaneebetweerAandBis7.8dm.
2
TheareaoftriangleABCis100m.
ThevolumeofsphereAisi15cm.
7.众数、中数、均值、极大值、极小值
Themedianof1,7,4,9,2,5,8is9,themeanis18,themaximumis9,andtheminimumis1.
Thestandarderrorof0,2,5,7,6is(|0-4|+|2-4|+|5-4|+|7-4|+|6-4|)/5=2.4.
8.平方根:
Thearithmeticsquarerootof9is3.
9.勾股定理:
222
abc.Thisformulameanssquareaaddsquarebisequalstosquarec.
Threeintegera,b,c,ifsubjectedtothisequation,arecalledPythagorasnumbers.
10.这次考试王明只得了80分.译文:
Wangmin'sscoreinthisexamisjust80.三、对小学生有益的若干英语名言
1.Wherethereiswill,thereisaway.
2.Wisdominthemindisbetterthanmoneyinthehand.
3.Nothingisimpossibleforawillingheart.
4.Theshortestanswerisdoing.
5.Allthingsaredifficultbeforetheyareeasy.
6.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.
7.Indoingwelearn.
8.Ifathingisworthdoingitisworthdoingwell.
9.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.
10.Lifeless,faultless.四、三个有意义的英语缩写词.
1.SQRRR方法(study-question-reading-repeat-review)
2.ComputermodelM/SCPUI/O(memory,storage,centreprocessingunite,input,output)
3.EEEEEteachingmodel.(elaboration-exploration-explanation-extend-evaluation.)