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英语试题02
科目:
101英语
(答案请写在答题纸上,写在试卷上无效)
PartIListeningComprehension(15points)
Directions:
Inthissection,youwillhearfiveshortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,afewquestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Thepassagesandthequestionswillbereadonlyonce.ChoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandDbymarkingthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.
Passage1
Questionsfrom1~4arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
1.A.Television’seffectonthemovieindustry.
B.Therelationshipsbetweendifferentmedia.
C.Radionewsasasubstitutefornewspapers.
D.Theroleoftheprintmedia.
2.A.Movieattendanceincreasedduetoadvertisingontelevision.
B.Oldmotionpictureswereoftenbroadcastontelevision.
C.Televisionhadnoeffectonmovieattendance.
D.Motionpicturepopularitydeclined.
3.A.Toillustrateanothereffectoftelevision.
B.Todemonstratetheimportanceoftelevisedsports.
C.Toexplainwhytelevisionreplacedradiobroadcasting.
D.Toprovideanexampleofsomethingmotionpicturescan’tpresent.
Passage2
Questionsfrom4~6arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
4.A.Thedevelopmentofthemodernskyscraper.
B.Theskyscraper’seffectonurbanareas.
C.Problemswithfutureskyscraperconstruction.
D.Safetyregulationsforskyscraperdesign.
5.A.Itcreateddesignproblemsforarchitects.
B.Itwasneededfortransportingconstructionmaterials.
C.Itenabledarchitectstodesigntheirofficebuildings.
D.Itmadeskyscrapersmoreexpensivetobuild.
6.A.Projectedchangesinthebuildingcode.
B.Designfeaturesofmodernskyscrapers.
C.Strategiesforreducingtrafficcongestion.
D.Methodsofestimatingconstructioncosts.
Passage3
Questionsfrom7~9artbasedonthefollowingpassage.
7.A.Itallowedworkerstospendmoretimeathome.
B.Itgaveworkersopportunityforbettertraining.
C.Itallowedworkerstolivefarfromtheirjobs.
D.Iteliminatedmanyfactoryjobs.
8.A.Thelackofaqualifiedsalesforce.
B.Adeclineinthenumberofcustomers.
C.Difficultyintransportingmerchandise.
D.Increasedtransportationcosts.
9.A.Jobopportunitiesarebetterthere.
B.Pricesarelowerindowntownstores.
C.Highwaycommutinghasbecomeunpleasant
D.Propertyismorevaluableinthecities.
Passage4
Questionsfrom10~12arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
10.A.EducationduringtheCivilWar.
B.Post-CivilWardevelopmentsinhighereducation.
C.Currenttrendsintechnologicaleducation.
D.Benefitsforwomeninstateuniversities.
11.A.Two.B.Three.C.Ten.D.Onehundred
12.A.Itwaswellestablished.
B.Itwasthesameasthatavailabletomen.
C.Itwasonlyavailableinthenorthernstates.
D.Itwasnothighlydeveloped.
Passage5
Questionsfrom13~15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
13.A.Arecipeforasoftdrink.
B.Themedicinaleffectsofcola.
C.Thehistoryofcola.
D.Soft-drinkproduction.
14.A.Hesoldcolatodoctors.
B.Hewasadrugstoreclerk.
C.Hedevelopedthecolasyrup.
D.Hesufferedfromsevereheadaches.
15.A.Bymixingitwithspecialoils.
B.Byheatingit.
C.Bycombiningitwithdifferentflavors.
D.Byaddingsodawater.
PartIIClozeTest(10points)
Directions:
Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.
Oneofthemostdangerousdrugsforpregnantwomentoconsumeisalcohol.Becausealcoholis17quicklyintothebloodandpassesquicklyintothe16andmembranes,thehumanfetusisparticularly18toitseffect.Infact,thenegativeeffectsonafetusareso19thatbabiesbornafter20toalcoholaresaidtobesufferingfromfetalalcohol21.
22apregnantwomandrinksalcohol,thealcoholispassedintothebloodstreamalmost23.Moreover,becausethebloodstreamofthefetusis24thatofthemother,thealcoholpassesdirectlyintothefetusaswell.25,what’smore,the26ofalcoholinthefetusisexactlythesameasinthemother.
Forthemother,thisconcentrationisnotaproblembecauseherlivercan27oneounceofalcoholfromhersystemperhour.However,thefetus’liverisnotcompletely28.Therateatwhichitisableto29thealcoholfromthebloodofthefetusismuchslower.30,thealcoholwillbereturnedtothemother’ssystembypassingacrosstheplacenta,butthisprocessisslow.Bythetimethis31,majorneurologicaldamagemayhavealready32.Researchhasshownthataslittleasonedrinkofalcoholcanproducesignificant,33damagetothefetus.
Babiesbornafterexposuretoalcoholgenerally34facialdistortion,inabilitytoconcentrate,anddifficultyinremembering.Simplyspeaking,itis35thatpregnantwomenavoidalcohol.
16.A.conferredB.deliveredC.endowedD.injected
17.A.tissueB.muscleC.fabricD.liver
18.A.accessibleB.resistantC.vulnerableD.immune
19.A.pronouncedB.accurateC.severeD.harsh
20.A.adaptationB.infectionC.exposureD.contraction
21.A.affectionB.impactC.consequenceD.syndrome
22.A.AfterB.AsC.WhenD.Because
23.A.simultaneouslyB.immediatelyC.directlyD.frequently
24.A.tiedtoB.similartoC.fixeduponD.linkedto
25.A.BesidesB.AndC.RatherD.Likewise
26.A.condensationB.functionC.concentrationD.poison
27.A.distinguishB.removeC.abandonD.discriminate
28.A.developedB.cultivatedCnurturedD.grown
29.A.eliminateB.preventC.distanceD.relieve
30.A.EventuallyB.PracticallyC.VirtuallyD.Gradually
31.A.takeseffectB.takesplaceC.hasimpactD.prevailsaver
32.A.experiencedB.arisenC.emergedD.occurred
33.A.irreversibleB.perceivableCincomprehensibleD.unimaginable
34.A.revealB.exhibitC.involveD.perform
35.A.desirousB.hopefulCimperativeD.optimistic
PartIIIReadingComprehension(45points)
Directions:
Therearesixpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedby5questionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.DecideonthebestchoiceandthenmarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.
Passage1
Mostpeoplecanrememberaphonenumberforuptothirtyseconds.Whenthisshortamountoftimeelapses,however,thenumbersareerasedfromthememory.Howdidtheinformationgetthereinthefirstplace?
Informationthatmakesitswaytotheshorttermmemory(STM)doessoviathesensorystoragearea.ThebrainhasafilterwhichonlyallowsstimulithatisofimmediateinteresttopassontotheSTM,alsoknownastheworkingmemory.
Thereismuchdebateaboutthecapacityanddurationoftheshorttermmemory.ThemostacceptedtheorycomesfromGeorgeA.Miller,acognitivepsychologistwhosuggestedthathumanscanrememberapproximatelysevenchunksofinformation.Achunkisdefinedasameaningfulunitofinformation,suchasawordornameratherthanjustaletterornumber.Moderntheoristssuggestthatonecanincreasethecapacityoftheshorttermmemorybychunking,orclassifyingsimilarinformationtogether.Byorganizinginformation,onecanoptimizetheSTM,andimprovethechancesofamemorybeingpassedontolongtermstorage.
Whenmakingaconsciousefforttomemorizesomething,suchasinformationforanexam,manypeopleengagein“roterehearsal”.Byrepeatingsomethingoverandoveragain,weareabletokeepamemoryalive.Unfortunately,thistypeofmemorymaintenanceonlysucceedsiftherearenointerruptions.Assoonasapersonstopsrehearsingtheinformation,ithasthetendencytodisappear.Whenapenandpaperarenothandy,youmightattempttorememberaphonenumberbyrepeatingitaloud.Ifthedoorbellringsorthedogbarkstocomeinbeforeyougettheopportunitytomakeyourphonecall,youwillforgetthenumberinstantly.Therefore,roterehearsalisnotanefficientwaytopassinformationfromtheshorttermtolongtermmemory.Abetterwayistopractice“elaboraterehearsal”.Thisinvolvesassigningsemanticmeaningtoapieceofinformationsothatitcanbefiledalongwithotherpre-existinglongtermmemories.
Encodinginformationsemanticallyalsomakesitmoreretrievable.Retrievinginformationcanbedonebyrecognitionorrecall.Humanscanrecallmemoriesthatarestoredinthelongtermmemoryandusedoften.However,ifamemoryseemstobeforgotten,itmayeventuallyberetrievedbyprompting.Themorecuesapersonisgiven(suchaspictures),themorelikelyamemorycanberetrieved.Thisiswhymultiplechoicetestsareoftenusedforsubjectsthatrequirealotofmemorization.
36.Accordingtothepassage,howdomemoriesgettransferredtotheSTM?
A.Theyrevertfromthelongtermmemory.
B.Theyarefilteredfromthesensorystoragearea.
C.Theygetchunkedwhentheyenterthebrain.
D.Theyenterviathenervoussystem.
37.Howdotheoristsbelieveapersoncanremembermoreinformationinashorttime?
A.Byorganizingit
B.Byrepeatingit
C.Bygivingitaname.
D.Bywritingitdownonpaper.
38.Whydoestheauthormentionadog’sbark?
A.Toexemplifypoormemory.
B.Toanalyzeatypeofinterruption.
C.Tocomparehumanmemorywithdogs’memory.
D.Toillustratethelackofefficiencyofroterehearsal.
39.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutretrievinginformation?
A.Elaboraterehearsalcontributestoinformationretrieval.
B.Themostefficientwayofretrievinginformationistoassignsemanticmeaningtotheinformation.
C.It’simpossibletoretrieveforgotteninformationwithoutpictureprompts.
D.Encodinginformationismoreefficientthanchunkingit.
40.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?
A.One’smemorycapacitycanbe