《道德经》汉英对照Waley译本.docx

《道德经》汉英对照Waley译本.docx

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《道德经》汉英对照Waley译本

《道德经》汉英对照-（Waley-译本）

《道德经》汉英对照（Waley译本）

老子著

ArthurWaley英译

注：

英文翻译不能完全表达古文愿意，敬请读者斟酌

一章

道，可道，非恒道。

名，可名，非恒名。

无名，天地之始；有名，万物之母。

故常无欲，以观其妙；常有欲，以观其徼。

此两者同出而异名，同谓之玄。

玄之又玄，众妙之门。

TheWaythatcanbetoldofisnotanUnvaryingWay;

Thenamesthatcanbenamedarenotunvaryingnames.

ItwasfromtheNamelessthatHeavenandEarthsprang;

Thenamedisbutthemotherthatrearsthetenthousandcreatures,eachafteritskind.

Truly,“OnlyhethatridshimselfforeverofdesirecanseetheSecretEssences”;

Andfortheveryreasonthathedoesnotcallattentiontowhathedoes

Heisnotejectedfromfruitionofwhathehasdone.

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三章

不尚贤，使民不争；不贵难得之货，使民不为盗；不见可欲，使民心不乱。

是以圣人之治，虚其心，实其腹；弱其志，强其骨。

常使民无知无欲。

使夫知不敢弗为而已，则无不治。

Ifwestoplookingfor“personsofsuperiormorality”（hsien）toputinpower,

Therewillbenomorejealousiesamongthepeople.

Ifweceasetosetstorebyproductsthatarehardtoget,

Therewillbenomorethieves.

Ifthepeopleneverseesuchthingsasexcitedesire,

Theirheartswillremainplacidandundisturbed.

ThereforetheSagerules

Byemptyingtheirhearts

Andfillingtheirhearts?

Weakeningtheirintelligence

Andtougheningtheirsinews

Everstrivingtomakethepeopleknowledgelessanddesireless.

Indeedheseestoitthatiftherebeanywhohaveknowledge,

Theydarenotinterfere.

Yetthroughhisactionlessactivityallthingsaredulyregulated.

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四章

道冲，而用之或不盈。

渊兮，似万物之宗。

挫其锐，解其纷，和其光，同其尘。

湛兮，似或存。

吾不知谁之子，象帝之先。

TheWayislikeanemptyvessel

Thatyetmaybedrawnfrom

Withouteverneedingtobefilled.

Itisbottomless;theveryprogenitorofallthingsintheworld.

Initallsharpnessisblunted,

Alltanglesuntied,

Allglaretempered,

Alldustsoothed.

Itislikeadeeppoolthatneverdries.

Wasittoothechildofsomethingelse?

Wecannottell.

ButasasubstancelessimageitexistedbeforetheAncestor.

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五章

天地不仁，以万物为刍狗；圣人不仁，以百姓为刍狗。

天地之间，其犹橐龠乎？

虚而不屈，动而愈出。

多闻数穷，不如守中。

HeavenandEarthareruthless;

TothemtheTenThousandthingsarebutasstrawdogs.

TheSagetooisruthless;

Tohimthepeoplearebutasstrawdogs.

YetHeavenandEarthandallthatliesbetween

Islikeabellows

Inthatitisempty,butgivesasupplythatneverfails.

Workit,andmorecomesout.

Whereastheforceofwordsissoonspent.

Farbetterisittokeepwhatisintheheart.

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六章

谷神不死，是谓玄牝。

玄牝之门，是谓天地根。

绵绵若存，用之不勤。

TheValleySpiritneverdies.

ItisnamedtheMysteriousFemale.

AndthedoorwayoftheMysteriousFemale

IsthebasefromwhichHeavenandEarthsprang.

Itistherewithinusallthewhile;

Drawuponitasyouwill,itneverrunsdry.

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七章

天长地久。

天地所以能长且久者，以其不自生，故能长生。

是以圣人后其身而身先，外其身而身存。

不以其无私邪？

故能成其私。

Heaveniseternal,theEartheverlasting.

Howcometheytobeso?

Itisbecausetheydonotfostertheirownlives;

Thatiswhytheylivesolong.

ThereforetheSage

Putshimselfinthebackground;butisalwaystothefore.

Remainsoutside;butisalwaysthere.

Isitnotjustbecausehedoesnotstriveforanypersonalend

Thatallhispersonalendsarefulfilled?

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八章

上善若水。

水善利万物而不争，居众人之所恶，故几于道。

居善地，心善渊，与善仁，言善信，政善治，事善能，动善时。

夫唯不争，故无尤。

Thehighestgoodislikethatofwater.

Thegoodnessofisthatitbenefitsthetenthousandcreatures;

Yetitselfdoesnotscramble,

Butiscontentwiththeplacesthatallmendisdain.

ItisthismakeswatersoneartotheWay.

Andifmenthinkthegroundthebestplaceforbuildingahouseupon,

Ifamongthoughtstheyvaluethosethatareprofound,

Ifinfriendshiptheyvaluegentleness,

Inwords,truth;ingovernment,goodorder;

Indeeds,effectiveness;inactions,timeliness-

Ineachcaseitisbecausetheypreferwhatdoesnotleadtostrife,

Andthereforedoesnotgoamiss.

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九章

持而盈之，不如其已。

揣而锐之，不可长保。

金玉满堂，莫之能守。

富贵而骄，自遗其咎。

功遂身退，天下之道。

Stretchabowtotheveryfull,

Andyouwillwishyouhadstoppedintime;

Temperasword-edgetoitsverysharpest,

Andyouwillfinditsoongrowsdull.

Whenbronzeandjadefillyourhall.

Itcannolongerbeguarded.

Wealthandplacebreedinsolence.

Thatbringsruininitstrain.

Whenyourworkisdone,thenwithdraw!

SuchisHeaven'sWay.

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十章

载营魄抱一，能无离乎？

专气致柔，能如婴儿乎？

修除玄览，能无疵乎？

爱民治国，能无智乎？

天门开阖，能为雌乎？

明白四达，能无知乎？

生之、畜之，生而不有，长而不宰。

是为玄德。

Canyoukeeptheunquietphysical-soulfromstraying,

HoldfasttotheUnity,andneverquitit?

Canyou,whenconcentratingyourbreath,

Makeitsoftlikethatofalittlechild?

CanyouwipeandcleanseyourvisionoftheMysterytillalliswithoutblur?

Canyoulovethepeopleandruletheland,

Yetremainunknown?

Canyouinopeningandshuttingtheheavenlygatesplayalwaysthefemalepart?

Canyourmindpenetrateeverycorneroftheland,

Butyouyourselfneverinterfere?

Rearthem,then,feedthem,

Rearthem,butdonotlayclaimtothem.

Controlthem,butneverleanuponthem;

Bechiefamongthem,butdonotmanagethem.

ThisiscalledtheMysteriousPower.

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十一章

三十辐共一毂，当其无，有车之用。

埏埴以为器，当其无，有器之用。

凿户牖以为室，当其无，有室之用。

故有之以为利，无之以为用。

Weputthirtyspokestogetherandcallitawheel;

Butitisonthespacewherethereisnothing

Thattheusefulnessofthewheeldepends.

Weturnclaytomakeavessel;

Butitisonthespacewherethereisnothing

Thattheusefulnessofthevesseldepends.

Wepiercedoorsandwindowstomakeahouse;

Anditisonthesespaceswherethereisnothing

Thattheusefulnessofthehousedepends.

Thereforejustaswetakeadvantageofwhatis,

Weshouldrecognizetheusefulnessofwhatisnot.

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十二章

五色令人目盲；五音令人耳聋；五味令人口爽；驰骋畋猎，令人心发狂；难得之货，令人行妨。

是以圣人为腹不为目，故去彼取此。

Thefivescoloursconfusetheeye,

Thefivessoundsdulltheear,

Thefivetastesspoilthepalate.

Excessofhuntingandchasing

Makesmindsgomad.

Productsthatarehardtoget

Impedetheirowner'smovements.

ThereforetheSage

Considersthebellynottheeye.

Truly,“herejectsthatbuttakesthis”.

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十三章

宠辱若惊，贵大患若身。

何谓宠辱若惊？

宠为下，得之若惊，失之若惊，是谓宠辱若惊。

何谓贵大患若身？

吾所以有大患者，为吾有身，及吾无身，吾有何患？

故贵以身为天下，若可寄天下；爱以身为天下，若可托天下。

Favouranddisgracegoadasitweretomadness;

Highrankhurtskeenlyasourbodieshurt.”

Whatdoesitmeantosaythatfavouranddisgracegoadasitweretomadness?

Itmeansthatwhenarule'ssubjectsgetittheyturndistraught,

Whentheyloseittheyturndistraught.

Thatiswhatismeanttobysayingfavouranddisgracegoadasitweretomadness.

Whatdoesitmeantosaythathighrankhurtskeenlyasourbodieshurt?

Theonlyreasonthatwesufferhurtisthatwehavebodies;

Ifwehadnobodies,howcouldwesuffer?

Thereforewemayacceptthesaying:

“Hewhoindealingwiththeempireregardshishighrank

Asthroughitwerehisbodyisthebestpersontobeentrustedwithrules;

Hewhoindealingwiththeempireloveshissubjectsasoneshouldloveone'sbody

Isthebestpersontowhomonecommittheempire.”

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十四章

视之不见，名曰微；听之不闻，名曰希；搏之不得，名曰夷。

此三者，不可致诘，故混而为一。

其上不皎，其下不昧，绳绳兮不可名，复归于物。

是谓无状之状，无物之象，是谓惚恍。

迎之不见其首，随之不见其后。

执古之道，以御今之有。

能知古始，是谓道纪。

Becausetheeyegazesbutcancatchnoglimpseofit,

Itiscalledelusive.

Becausetheearlistensbutcannothearit,

Itiscalledtherarefied.

Becausethehandfeelsforitbutcannotfindit,

Itiscalledtheinfinitesimal.

Thesethree,becausetheycannotbefurtherscrutinized,

Blendintoone,

Itsrisingbringsnolight;

Itssinking,nodarkness.

Endlesstheseriesofthingswithoutname

Onthewaybacktowherethereisnothing.

Theyarecalledshapelessshapes;

Formswithoutform;

Arecalledvaguesemblance.

Gotowardsthem,andyoucanseenofront;

Goafterthem,andyouseenorear.

YetbyseizingontheWaythatwas

Youcanridethethingsthatarenow.

Fortoknowwhatoncetherewas,intheBeginning,

ThisiscalledtheessenceoftheWay.

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十五章

古之善为道者，微妙玄通，深不可识。

夫唯不可识，故强为之容：

豫兮，若冬涉川；犹兮，若畏四邻；俨兮，其若客；涣兮，其若凌释；敦兮，其若朴；旷兮，其若谷；混兮，其若浊。

孰能浊以止？

静之徐清。

孰能安以久？

动之徐生。

保此道者，不欲盈。

夫唯不盈，故能蔽而新成。

OfoldthosethatwerethebestofficersofCourt

Hadinnernaturessubtle,abstruse,mysterious,penetrating,

Toodeeptobeunderstood.

Andbecausesuchmencouldnotbeunderstood

Icanbuttellofthemastheyappearedtotheworld:

Circumspecttheyseemed,likeonewhoinwintercrossesastream,

Watchful,asonewhomustmeetdangeroneveryside.

Ceremonious,asonewhopaysavisit;

Yetyielding,asicewhenitbeginstomelt.

Blank,asapieceofuncarvedwood;

Yetreceptiveasahollowinthehills.

Murky,asatroubledstream—–

（Tranquil,asthevastreachesofthesea,

Driftingasthewindwithnostop.）

Whichofyouanassumesuchmurkiness,

Tobecomeintheendstillandclear?

Whichofyoucanmakeyourselfinsert,

Tobecomeintheendfulloflifeandstir?

ThosewhopossessthisTaodonottrytofillthemselvestothebrim,

Andbecausetheydonottrytofillthemselvestothebrim,

Theyarelikeagarmentthatenduresallwea