An Analysis of Causes For the Popularity of Chinglish in China.docx
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AnAnalysisofCausesForthePopularityofChinglishinChina
AnAnalysisofCausesForthePopularityofChinglishinChina
AThesisSubmitted
ToForeignLanguageDepartment
OfCollegeofInformation&Business,
ZhongyuanUniversityofTechnology
InPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirements
FortheDegreeofBachelorofArts
By
LiXiaohu
StudentIDNumber:
2003xxxxxxxx
Supervisor:
WangDawei
May29th,2011
论文摘要
中式英语作为一种主要由于汉语语言、文化及其思维干扰引起的错误,是中国的英语学习者思维方式固有化以及受母语干扰和影响,套用汉语规则和习惯而导致的不符合英语语言文化习惯的畸形英语。
这些中式英语表现形式各异,大大削弱了跨文化交际的效果,有些甚至影响跨文化交际的顺利进行。
本文分析了中式英语的表现形式和产生的原因,以及提出如何避免中式英语的有效途径。
关键词:
中式英语;原因;表现形式;有效途径
Abstract:
ChinglishasamajormistakecausedbytheChineselanguage,cultureandthinkinginterference.ItisakindofdeformityEnglishwhichcausedbyChinaEnglishlearnersthinkinaninherentway,aswellastheirmothertongueinterferenceandinfluence,toapplytherulesandhabitswhichleadtotheChinesedonotmeettheEnglishlanguageandculturalhabits.DifferentformsofChinglish,greatlyweakenedtheeffectofcross-culturalcommunication,interculturalcommunicationandsomeevenaffectthesmoothprogress.ThispaperanalyzesthemanifestationofChinglishandcauses,andtoproposeeffectivewaysonhowtoavoidChinglish.
KeyWords:
Chinglish;causes;manifestations;effectiveways
TableofContents
1.Introduction
1.1TheBackgroundofResearch
Intoday'sglobalinformatizationandnetworking,Englishisbecomingtheimportanttoolofinternationalcommunication.AfterChina'sentryintotheWTO,asaninternationallanguage,EnglishisbecomingmoreandmoreimportantinChinesesociety.Allwalksoflifedemandforforeignlanguagetalentsincreasingly,therequirementofEnglishlevelismoreandhigherforthecollegestudentinthesociety,notonlypeoplehaveastrongabilityofreading,butalsopeopleneedstrongcommunicationskills.However,thepersonwhounderstandEnglishdoesnotrepresenthim/shehasEnglishapplicationability.Overtheyears,undertheinfluenceoftheexam-orientededucation,emphasizingthebooksandlearninggrammarignoredthepracticeabilityofstudentstouseEnglishtocommunicateinChina.InChina,leaningEnglishisstartingfromthethirdgrade,itismoreandmoreimportantinChineseeducation.
However,untilstudentsgotothehighschool,theyhavelearnedEnglishforsixyears,students'EnglishlevelandEnglishapplicationabilityisstillnotwell.Itisasmallnumberofstudentswhocanusethe"authentic"Englishtolisten,speak,readandwrite,andmostofthestudentsareusingthe"ChineseEnglish(Chinglish)",whichreferstoaChineseEnglishvocabulary,grammar,speakinghabits,itisatransitionallanguagebetweenChineseandEnglishlanguageratherthan"nativelanguage".
Nowadays,Englishhasbecomeamultinational,multiculturalandmultifunctionallanguage.ThewidespreadofEnglishhasmadeitselfagloballanguage.NowsomelinguistssayEnglishmayneverbedethronedasthekingoflanguagesasitdominatestheworldasnootherlanguageeverhas.AtpresentitisofficiallyreportedthatEnglish,withatotalpopulationofovertwobillionspeakersasthefirstlanguage,hasaspecialstatusinmorethan75countries.Englishhasbeenthedominantsecondlanguageorforeignlanguageworldwide.AccordingtoDavidCrystal'sstatistics(2001,p.61),in57countrieshereare450millionpeoplewhosemothertongueisEnglish;in67countriesthereare350millionpeopletakingEnglishasthesecondlanguage,whileinthecountrieswiththelargestpopulations,especiallyinChina,Japan,Russia,Brazil,Indonesia,about1,200~1,500millionpeoplespeakEnglishassecondlanguage.Withtheglobalization,itsimportanceintheinternationalcommunicationisincreasing.Inourcountryespeciallyinuniversitiesandcolleges,Englishisalsoveryimportantfornearlyallofthestudents.AsEnglishisnotthemajorofmostChineseEnglishlearners.TheirEnglishlearningprocessisquitedifferent.ManydifferentlearnershavealmostthesamelearningexperiencesalthoughtheyhavestudiedEnglishfor5-6yearsevenmore,theycan'tspeakorwriteEnglishwellnatively.TheEnglishtheyoftenused(bothinwrittenandspokenform)isregardedasChinglishwhichcausedbymothertongueinterference(Chineselanguage)aswellascultureandthinkingmodes.ItoftenappearsinEnglishoutputofnon-Englishmajors.ThephenomenonofChinglishisverynormalinChineseEnglishlearners.ThisthesisaimstoexplorethefeaturesandcausesofChinglishfromlinguisticandculturalpointofview.
1.2SignificanceoftheStudy
Languageisatoolofcommunication.ThosewholearnEnglishinfactarelearningakindofcommunicationskill.However,itisalwaysaheadachethatmanyChineseEnglishlearnerscan'tcommunicatewellbothinwrittenandinspokenEnglish.InordertoimprovethissituationandraiseChineseEnglishlearners'overallabilityforEnglishlearning,thisthesisistryingtoanalyzevariouslinguisticandculturalfeaturesofChinglishandtoexplorethecausesfortheformationofit,finallyattemptingtogivesomesolutionstoChinglish.Inthisthesisthereareagreatdealofauthenticlanguagematerialsprovided,whicharemainlyselectedfromvarioussourcessuchasChineseEnglishlearners'compositions,translationexercises,books,anddailyconversationsfromthelearners.Chinglishhasbeenstudiedbylinguistsbothathomeandabroadfordecades.However,theiremphasisonthestudyofChinglishwasscatteringinmanyareas.Thispaperwillfocusonthelinguisticandculturalfeatures,causesandsomesolutionsaswell.ThewriterprovidessomepossiblesolutionsandefficientEnglishlearningstrategiestolowerChinglish,todiminishnegativetransferofmothertongue,andtoenlargethepositiveaspectofChinese.OnlyinthiswaycantheungrammaticalorunidiomaticfeaturesofChinglishbeobvious,inordertoimproveChineseEnglishlearners'abilitytocommunicatewiththeworldmorenativelyandsmoothly.
2.TheDefinitionandExpressionofChinglish
2.1TheDefinitionofChinglish
AlthoughthestudyoftheformandcauseofChinesestyleEnglishhasnotbeenformedcomprehensiveandsystematic,butitdoesnotmeanthatpeopleignoretheexistenceoftheChinesestyleEnglish.Infact,manyteachersandscholarshavebeenpayattentiontothiskindoflanguageathomeandabroad,andtheypublishthestudyofChinglishphenomenonindifferentbooksorarticleswhichtalkingaboutEnglishteachingandlearningmethods,however,becauseoftheclutterandunnaturalstateofinstabilityChinesestyleEnglish,peoplecannotgiveacleardefinitionofChinglish,theyhavetocombinewiththeirownunderstandingfromdifferentangles,giveitdiverseandincompletedefinition,suchasthefollowingdefinition:
ChinglishisaspeechorwritinginfluencedbyChineseinterference.Peoplecantranslatesomesentenceswordforwordandsentenceforsentencemoreorless.Chinglishmaybecorrectgrammatically,butpeopledoesnotconformtothestandardusageofEnglishwhenchoosewordsorphrasesaswellastheexpressions.Althoughpeoplecanunderstandthemeaning,butpeoplecannotaccepttheChinglish.(DengYanchang,1989).
Chinglishisakindoflanguagewhichisdeformity.ItisnotEnglishnorChinese,butitmaybeshapedas"EnglishwithChinesecharacteristics".(Joanpinkham,2003)
Fromthedefinitionoflistedabove,peoplecanconcludethattheinterferenceoflanguagelearners'mothertongueisthemaincauseofChinglish.Andthroughouttheinteractionbetweenlanguage,culture,thoughtandmutualinfluencerelations,itisnothardtosee,theinterferenceisfromthelearner'sculturalbackgroundandfollowedbythelearnersmothertonguethinkingmodefundamentallyinthesecondlanguageoutput.(BellRT,2008)Therefore,peoplecanknowthatChinesestyleEnglishisinter-languagearousedbytheChineseEnglishlearnerswhentheylearnEnglishinfluencedbytheiruniquecultureandthinkingmodeofChinese.
2.2TheExpressionofChinglish
2.2.1Miscellaneouswords
InChinese-Englishinterpretation,thecharacteristicofChinesestyleEnglishis"addingunnecessarywords".InfluencedbyChineseexpressions,peopleuserelatedexpressiontoreplaceaverbornoun,inordertoachievethepurposeofemphasisortranslatedwordbyword,ourChineseusedtoaddanunnecessaryadjectivesbeforethenoun,aredundantadverbsbeforeverbs,extratimeadverbialandunnecessaryverbbeforethenoun.Intheguideof"Chinglish",theauthorlistsalargenumberofsuchcharacteristicsofChinesestyleEnglishphrases..Forexample:
thetranslatorsuse"actualfact","seriouschaos","newinnovation","financialexpenditure","agreathistoricchange"and"finalcompletion"tointerpret"thetruth","seriousdisturbances","newinnovation","spending","greathistoricalchange"andChinesephrasessuchas"finished".(BEllis,R,2009)butadjectivesareuselessintheauthenticEnglish,thenounisgoodenough."Acceleratethepaceofreform"istheChinglishtranslationof"acceleratethereform",Inaddition,inthisphraseof"totallyabolish",authenticEnglishadverbs"totally"willdeletetheaggrandizement,becausetheverb"abolish"canexpressthemeaning.Thesameexamplesare"firmlyban"(strictlyprohibited),"thoroughlyeliminate"(eliminate),"itsuccessfullyaccomplish(victory)","completelysmash"(crushed),"completelyconquer"(occupation)completely,"extremelyshameless"shameless,"fullysupport"(support),"stronglyadvocate"(suchasstronglyapproveof)(YamunaK,Cecil,2006).Whenpeopleaddthetemporaladverbialofcharacteristics,"ChineseEnglish"wasalsomanifested,suchasinthe