David X. Cifu MD - Braddom's Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation-Elsevier (2020).pdf

David X. Cifu MD - Braddom's Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation-Elsevier (2020).pdf

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SIXTHEDITIONEditor-in-ChiefDavidX.Cifu,MDAssociateDeanofInnovationandSystemIntegrationHermanJ.Flax,MDProfessorandChair,DepartmentofPhysicalMedicineandRehabilitationVirginiaCommonwealthUniversitySchoolofMedicineRichmond,Virginia;SeniorTBISpecialist,U.S.DepartmentofVeteransAffairsWashington,DC;PrincipalInvestigatorLong-termImpactofMilitary-relevantBrainInjuryConsortium-ChronicEffectsofNeurotraumaConsortium（LIMBIC-CENC）CentralVirginiaVAHealthCareSystem/VirginiaCommonwealthUniversityRichmond,VirginiaBraddomsPhysicalMedicineandRehabilitationAssociateEditorsBlessenC.Eapen,MDChief,PhysicalMedicineandRehabilitationVAGreaterLosAngelesHealthCareSystem;AssociateClinicalProfessorDepartmentofMedicineDivisionofPhysicalMedicineandRehabilitationDavidGeffenSchoolofMedicineatUCLALosAngeles,CaliforniaJefferyS.Johns,MDAssociateProfessorPhysicalMedicineandRehabilitationVanderbiltUniversityMedicalCenter;MedicalDirectorVanderbiltStallworthRehabilitationHospitalNashville,TennesseeKarenKowalske,MDProfessorPhysicalMedicineandRehabilitationUniversityofTexasSouthwesternMedicalCenterDallas,TexasHenryL.Lew,MD,PhD,ABPMR,CCC-AProfessorandChairDepartmentofCommunicationSciencesandDisordersJohnA.BurnsSchoolofMedicineUniversityofHawaiiatMnoaHonolulu,Hawaii;AdjunctProfessorDepartmentofPhysicalMedicineandRehabilitationVirginiaCommonwealthUniversitySchoolofMedicineRichmond,VirginiaMichelleA.Miller,MDAssistantClinicalProfessorPhysicalMedicineandRehabilitationTheOhioStateUniversity;SectionChiefPediatricPhysicalMedicineNationwideChildrensHospitalColumbus,OhioGregoryWorsowicz,MD,MBAProfessorofClinicalPhysicalMedicineandRehabilitationDepartmentofPhysicalMedicineandRehabilitationUniversityofMissouriColumbia,MissouriElsevier1600JohnF.KennedyBlvd.Ste1800Philadelphia,PA19103-2899BRADDOMSPHYSICALMEDICINEANDREHABILITATION,SIXTHEDITIONISBN:

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987654321vThisbookisdedicatedtomyparents,JohnandRosa,whomademeallthatIam;mychildren,BrieandBelle,whoremindmetolooktothehorizon;andtomylove,Hilary,whomakesitallworthwhile.AspecialthankyoutoRandyBraddomforthelegacythatstartedthistextbookandforhisongoingsupport.Thankyoutomyamazinglysupportivecolleagues,staff,andtraineesallacrossVirginiaCommonwealthUniversity,includingintheSchoolofMedicineandtheDepartmentofPhysicalMedicineandRehabilitation,fortheirmentorship,theirfriendship,andthetimetocompletethisproject.ThankyoutothewonderfulmembersoftheOfficeofRehabilitationandProstheticServicesintheU.SDepartmentofVeteransAffairsforalltheydoforAmericasVeteransandServiceMembersandforallowingmethetimetocompletethisproject.Thankyoutothethousandsofpatientsandtheirfamilymemberswhoallowedmetoparticipateintheircareovertheyears;youhavetaughtmesomuch.Thankyoutomyfamily,friends,andotherlovedonesforyourongoingsupportthatallowsmetopursuemyworkandcareer.viContributorsDeniseM.Ambrosi,MS,CCC-SLPDirectorofAccreditationQualityandComplianceSpauldingRehabilitationHospital;AssistantProfessorCommunicationSciencesandDisordersMGHInstituteofHealthProfessionsCharlestown,Massachusetts3RehabilitationofSwallowingDisordersMichaelAndary,MD,MSProfessorPhysicalMedicineandRehabilitationMichiganStateUniversityCollegeofOsteopathicMedicine;ResidencyDirector,PhysicalMedicineandRehabilitationSparrowHospitalEastLansing,Michigan8ElectrodiagnosticMedicineKarenL.Andrews,MDPhysicalMedicineandRehabilitationMayoClinicRochester,Minnesota24PreventionandManagementofChronicWounds25VascularDiseasesThiruM.Annaswamy,MD,MAProfessorDepartmentofPhysicalMedicineandRehabilitationUniversityofTexasSouthwesternMedicalCenter;SectionChief,SpineandElectrodiagnosticSectionsPhysicalMedicineandRehabilitationServiceVANorthTexasHealthCareSystemDallas,Texas7QualityandOutcomeMeasuresforMedicalRehabilitation17PhysicalAgentModalitiesDixieAragaki,MDProfessorDepartmentofMedicineDivisionofPhysicalMedicineandRehabilitationDavidGeffenSchoolofMedicineatUCLA;ProgramDirectorPhysicalMedicineandRehabilitationResidencyVAGreaterLosAngelesHealthcareSystemLosAngeles,California6OccupationalMedicineandVocationalRehabilitationW.DavidArnold,MDAssociateProfessorPhysicalMedicineandRehabilitationNeuromuscularDivisionDepartmentofNeurologyPhysiologyandCellBiologyNeuroscienceTheOhioStateUniversityColumbus,Ohio40MotorNeuronDiseasesArashAsher,MDDirector,CancerSurvivorshipandRehabilitationSamuelOschinComprehensiveCancerInstituteCedars-SinaiMedicalCenterLosAngeles,California29CancerRehabilitationJamesW.Atchison,DOChairDepartmentofPhysicalMedicineandRehabilitationMayoClinicFloridaJacksonville,Florida16Manipulation,Traction,andMassageRitaAyyangar,MBBSAssociateProfessorDepartmentofPhysicalMedicineandRehabilitationUniversityofMichiganAnnArbor,Michigan48MyelomeningoceleandOtherSpinalDysraphismsKimD.D.Barker,MDAssociateProfessorPhysicalMedicineandRehabilitationUniversityofTexasSouthwesternMedicalCenterDallas,Texas1ThePhysiatricHistoryandPhysicalExaminationTourBarksdale,MDMayoClinic/MayoClinicHealthSystemPhysicalMedicineandRehabilitationMayoClinicMankato,Minnesota29CancerRehabilitationviiContributorsKarenP.Barr,MDAssociateProfessorChief,DivisionofPhysicalMedicineandRehabilitationDepartmentofOrthopaedicsWestVirginiaUniversityMorgantown,WestVirginia33LowBackDisordersMatthewN.Bartels,MD,MPHProfessorandChairmanofRehabilitationMedicineAlbertEinsteinCollegeofMedicine;Chairman,DepartmentofRehabilitationMedicineMontefioreMedicalCenterTheBronx,NewYork27AcuteMedicalConditions:

CardiopulmonaryDisease,MedicalFrailty,andRenalFailureStaceyA.Bennis,MDAssistantProfessorOrthopaedicsandRehabilitationObstetricsandGynecologyLoyolaUniversityMedicalCenterMaywood,Illinois38PelvicFloorDisordersTheresaF.Berner,OTR/L,ATPRehabilitationClinicalManagerOccupationalTherapistTheOhioStateUniversityWexnerMedicalCenterColumbus,Ohio14WheelchairsandSeatingSystemsCathyBodine,PhD,CCC-SLPAssociateProfessorBioengineeringUniversityofColoradoDenver,Colorado19AssistiveTechnologyandEnvironmentalControlDevicesJaclynBonder,MDAssistantProfessorRehabilitationMedicineWeillCornellMedicalCollegeNewYork,NewYork38PelvicFloorDisordersAngelineBowman,MDAssistantProfessorDepartmentofPhysicalMedicineandRehabilitationUniversityofMichiganAnnArbor,Michigan48MyelomeningoceleandOtherSpinalDysraphismsThomasN.Bryce,MDProfessorRehabilitationandHumanPerformanceIcahnSchoolofMedicineatMountSinaiNewYork,NewYork49SpinalCordInjuryMaryCaldwell,DOAssistantProfessorSportsMedicine/PhysicalMedicineandRehabilitationVCUHealthRichmond,Virginia36LowerLimbPainandDysfunctionWilliamCarne,PhDAssociateProfessorPhysicalMedicineandRehabilitationVirginiaCommonwealthUniversityRichmond,Virginia45DegenerativeMovementDisordersoftheCentralNervousSystemPriyaChandan,MD,MPHAssistantProfessorDivisionofPhysicalMedicineandRehabilitationUniversityofLouisvilleLouisville,Kentucky45DegenerativeMovementDisordersoftheCentralNervousSystemShih-ChingChen,MD,PhDProfessorPhysicalMedicineandRehabilitationDirectorResearchCenterofRehabilitationEngineeringandAssistiveTechnologyTaipeiMedicalUniversityTaipei,Taiwan19AssistiveTechnologyandEnvironmentalControlDevicesWen-ShiangChen,MD,PhDProfessorPhysicalMedicineandRehabilitationCollegeofMedicineNationalTaiwanUniversity;DirectorPhysicalMedicineandRehabilitationNationalTaiwanUniversityHospitalTaipei,Taiwan17PhysicalAgentModalitiesAndreaCheville,MD,MDCEProfessorDepartmentofPhysicalMedicineandRehabilitationDirectorofLymphedemaandCancerRehabilitationServicesMayoClinicRochester,Minnesota29CancerRehabilitationLi-WeiChou,MD,PhDDirectorandProfessorPhysicalTherapyandGraduateInstituteofRehabilitationScienceChinaMedicalUniversity;ChairmanPhysicalMedicineandRehabilitationAsiaUniversityHospital;AttendingPhysici