托福阅读模拟试题及答案卷四.docx

托福阅读模拟试题及答案卷四.docx

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托福阅读模拟试题及答案卷四

2021年托福阅读模拟试题及答案（卷四）

　托福阅读文本：

　　TheHomesteadActof1862gaveheadsoffamiliesorindividualsagedtwenty-oneorolderthe

　　righttoown160acresofpubliclandinthewesternUnitedStatesafterfiveyearsofresidenceand

　　improvement.Thislawwasintendedtoprovidelandforsmallfarmersandtopreventlandfrom

　　beingboughtforresaleataprofitorbeingownedbylargelandholders.Anearlyamendmentto

　　theactevenpreventedhusbandsandwivesfromfilingseparateclaims.TheWest,landreformers

　　hadassumed,wouldsooncontainmany160-acrefamilyfarms.

　　Theyweredoomedtodisappointment.MostlandlessAmericansweretoopoortobecome

　　farmersevenwhentheycouldobtainlandwithoutcost.Theexpenseofmovingafamilytothe

　　ever-recedingfrontierexceededthemeansofmany,andthecostoftools,draftanimals,awagon,

　　awell,fencing,andofbuildingthesimplesthouse,mightcometo$1,000—aformidablebarrier.

　　Asfortheindustrialworkersforwhomthefreelandwassupposedtoprovidea"safetyvalve,"

　　theyhadneithertheskillsnortheinclinationtobecomefarmers.Homesteadersusuallycamefrom

　　districtsnotfarremovedfromfrontierconditions.Anddespitetheintentofthelaw,speculators

　　oftenmanagedtoobtainlargetracts.Theyhiredpeopletostakeoutclaims,falselyswearthatthey

　　hadfulfilledtheconditionslaiddowninthelawforobtaininglegaltitle,andthendeedtheland

　　overtotheiremployers.

　　Furthermore,160acreswerenotenoughforraisinglivestockorforthekindofcommercial

　　agriculturethatwasdevelopingwestoftheMississippi.Thenationalgovernmentmadeafeeble

　　attempttomakelargerholdingsavailabletohomesteadersbypassingtheTimberCultureActof

　　1873,whichpermittedindividualstoclaimanadditional160acresiftheywouldagreetoplanta

　　quarterofitintreeswithintenyears.Thislawprovedhelpfultosomefarmersinthelargely

　　treelessstatesofKansas,Nebraska,andtheDakotas.Nevertheless,fewerthan25percentofthe

　　245,000whotookuplandundertheActobtainedfinaltitletotheproperty.

　　托福阅读题目：

　　1.WhichaspectoftheHomesteadActof1862doesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

　　（A）HowittransformedthewesternUnitedStatesintoaplaceofsmallfarms

　　（B）Whyitwasanimprovementoverpreviousattemptsatlandreform

　　（C）Whyitdidnotachieveitsaimtoprovidelandforsmallfarmers

　　（D）HowitfailedinthelargelytreelessstatesofKansas,Nebraska,andtheDakotas

　　2.AnamendmentaddedtotheHomesteadActof1862specifiedthat

　　（A）fiveyearsofresidencewasrequiredforlandownership

　　（B）husbandsandwivescouldnotfileseparateclaims

　　（C）thepriceof160acresoflandwas$1,000

　　（D）landcouldnotberesoldforaprofit

　　3.Theword"formidable"inline12isclosestinmeaningto

　　（A）obvious

　　（B）predictable

　　（C）difficult

　　（D）manageable

　　4.Itcanbeinferredthatthe"safetyvalve"inline13refersto

　　（A）anewkindofmachinery

　　（B）analternativeforurbanworkers

　　（C）anareainafactory

　　（D）aproceduredesignedtoprotectworkers

　　5.Theword"intent"inline15isclosestinmeaningto

　　（A）purpose

　　（B）power

　　（C）effect

　　（D）invention

　　6.Accordingtothepassage,whydidthegovernmentpasstheTimberCultureActof1873?

　　（A）tomakelargertractsoflandavailabletosmallfarmers

　　（B）tosettleKansas,Nebraska,andtheDakotas

　　（C）toencouragelandspeculationwestoftheMississippi

　　（D）toincreasethevarietyoftreesgrowinginthewesternstates

　　7.Theword"they"inline23refersto

　　（A）largerholdings

　　（B）individuals

　　（C）160acres

　　（D）trees

　　8.Accordingtothepassage,howmanyofthefarmerswhosettledlandundertheTimberCulture

　　Actof1873receivedfinaltitletotheproperty?

　　（A）fewerthan25%

　　（B）morethan160

　　（C）10%peryear

　　（D）245,000

　　9.ThepassagementionsallofthefollowingasreasonstheHomesteadActof1862didnot

　　achieveitsaimsEXCEPT:

　　（A）MostlandlessAmericanscouldnotaffordthenecessarytoolsandprovisions.

　　（B）Industrialworkerslackedthenecessaryfarmingskills.

　　（C）Thefarmsweretoolargeforsinglefamiliestooperatesuccessfully.

　　（D）Homesteadersusuallycamefromareasrelativelyclosetothefrontier.

　　10.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageabouttheTimberCultureActof

　　1873?

　　（A）Itespeciallyhelpedfarmerswithlargeholdingsofland.

　　（B）Itwasmostimportanttofarmerslivinginstatesthathadplentyoftrees.

　　（C）Themajorityoffarmersdidnotbenefitsignificantlyfromit.

　　（D）Themajorityoffarmersdidnotneedtheextra160acresitprovided.

　　托福阅读答案：

　　CBCDAABACC

　　托福阅读文本：

　　Naturalistsandcasualobserversalikehavebeenstruckbythespecialrelationshipbetween

　　squirrelsandacorns（theseedsofoaktrees）.Ecologists,though,cannotobservetheseenergetic

　　mammalsscurryingupanddownoaktreesandeatingandburyingacornswithoutwondering

　　abouttheircomplexrelationshipwithtrees.Aresquirrelsdispersersandplantersofoakforestsor

　　peskyseedpredators?

Theanswerisnotsimple.Squirrelsmaydevourmanyacorns,butbystoring

　　andfailingtorecoverupto74percentofthemastheydowhenseedsareabundant,thesearboreal

　　rodentscanalsoaidregenerationanddispersaloftheoaks.

　　Theirdestructivepowersarewelldocumented.Accordingtoonereport,squirrelsdestroyed

　　tensofthousandsoffallenacornsfromanoakstandontheUniversityofIndianacampus.A

　　professorthereestimatedthateachofthelargewhiteoakshadproducedbetweentwoandeight

　　thousandacorns,butwithinweeksofseedmaturity,hardlyanintactacorncouldbefoundamong

　　thefallenleaves.

　　Deer,turkey,wildpigs,andbearsalsofeedheavilyonacorns,butdonotstorethem,andare

　　thereforeofnobenefittothetrees.Flyingsquirrels,chipmunks,andmicearealsounlikelyto

　　promotetreedispersal,astheyoftenstoreseedsintreecavitiesand

　　undergroundburrows.Only

　　squirrels—whosebehaviorofcaching（hiding）acornsbelowtheleaflitter—oftenpromote

　　successfulgerminationofacorns,andperhapsbluejays,importantlong-distancedispersers,seem

　　tohelpoaksspreadandreproduce.

　　Amongsquirrels,though,thereisaparticularlypuzzlingbehaviorpattern.Squirrels

　　pryoff

　　thecapsofacorns,bitethroughtheshellstogetatthenutritiousinnerkernels,

　　andthendiscard

　　themhalf-eaten.Thegroundundertoweringoaksisoftenlitteredwiththousandsofhalf-eaten

　　acorns,eachoneonlybittenfromthetop.Whywouldanyanimalwastesomuchtimeandenergy

　　andriskexposuretosuchpredatorsasred-tailhawksonlytoleavealargepartofeachacorn

　　uneaten?

Whileresearchisnotconclusiveatthispoint,onethingthatiscertainisthatsquirrelsdo

　　hidesomeoftheuneatenportions,andtheseacornhalves,manyofwhichcontaintheseeds,may

　　latergerminate.

　　托福阅读题目：

　　1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

　　（A）Theecologyofoaktrees

　　（B）FactorsthatdeterminethefeedinghabitsofSquirrels

　　（C）Variousspeciesofanimalsthatpromotethedispersaloftreeseeds

　　（D）Therelationshipbetweensquirrelsandoaktrees

　　2.Theword"they"inline7refersto

　　（A）oakforests

　　（B）acorns

　　（C）squirrels

　　（D）predators

　　3.Accordingtothepassage,whatdosquirrelsdowhenlargequantitiesofacornsareavailable?

　　（A）Theydonotstoreacorns.

　　（B）Theyeatmorethan74percentofavailableacorns.

　　（C）Theydonotretrievealltheacornsthattheyhavestored.

　　（D）Theyhideacornsintreecavities.

　　4.Theword"estimated"inline11isclosestinmeaningto

　　（A）commented

　　（B）judged

　　（C）observed

　　（D）discovered

　　5.Whydoestheauthormention"theUniversityofIndianacampus"inline10-11?

　　（A）toprovideevidencethatintactacornsarehardtofindunderoaktrees

　　（B）toindicateaplacewheresquirrelscanaidseeddispersalofoaks

　　（C）toargueinfavorofadditionalstudiesconcerningthedestructiveforceofsquirrels

　　（D）tosupporttheclaimthatsquirrelscandogreatdamagetooakstands

　　6.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph3thatchipmunksdonotaidinthedispersalofoaktrees

　　because

　　（A）theystoretheiracornswheretheycannotgerminate

　　（B）theyconsumemostoftheirstoredacorns

　　（C）theirstoredacornsarelocatedandconsumedbyotherspecies

　　（D）theycannottravelthelongdistancerequiredfordispersal

　　7.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingdosquirrelsandbluejayshaveincommon?

　　（A）Theytravellongdistancestoobtainacorns.

　　（B）Theypromotethereproductionofoaktrees.

　　（C）Theyburyacornsunderfallenleaves.

　　（D）Theystorelargequantitiesofacorns.

　　8.Thephrase"pryoff"inline21isclosestinmeaningto

　　（A）swallow

　　（B）remove

　　（C）squeeze

　　（D）locate

　　9.Theword"littered"inline22isclosestinmeaningto

　　（A）covered

　　（B）displayed

　　（C）fertilized

　　（D）planted

　　10.Accordingtothepassage,scientistscannotexplainwhichofthefollowingaspectsofsquirrel

　　behavior?

　　（A）Wheresquirrelsstoretheiracorncaches

　　（B）Whysquirrelspreferacornsoverotherseeds

　　（C）Whysquirrelseatonlyaportionofeachacorntheyretrieve

　　（D）Whysquirrelspreferacornsfromaparticularspeciesofoaktrees

　　托福阅读答案：

　　DCCBDDBBAC

　　托福阅读文本：

　　Scientistshavediscoveredthatforthelast160,000years,atleast,therehasbeenaconsistent

　　relationshipbetweentheamountofcarbondioxideintheairandtheaveragetemperatureofthe

　　planet.TheimportanceofcarbondioxideinregulatingtheEarth'stemper