通信类 英文原文及译文.docx

通信类 英文原文及译文.docx

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通信类英文原文及译文

Abstract

Inthispaper,wepresentasystemusinganAndroidsmartphonethatcollects,displayssensordataonthescreenandstreamstothecentralserversimultaneously.BluetoothandwirelessInternetconnectionsareusedfordatatransmissionsamongthedevices.Also,usingNearFieldCommunication（NFC）technology,wehaveconstructedamoreefficientandconvenientmechanismtoachieveanautomaticBluetoothconnectionandapplicationexecution.Thissystemisbeneficialonbodysensornetworks（BSN）developedformedicalhealthcareapplications.Fordemonstrationpurposes,anaccelerometer,atemperaturesensorandelectrocardiography（ECG）signaldataareusedtoperformtheexperiments.Rawsensordataareinterpretedtoeithergraphicalortextnotationstobepresentedonthesmartphoneandthecentralserver.Furthermore,aJava-basedcentralserverapplicationisusedtodemonstratecommunicationwiththeAndroidsystemfordatastorageandanalysis.

1　INTRODUCTION

Mobilecommunicationdevicesaredesignedtoachievemultiplepurposesbutmostlyarefocusedonvoiceandshortmessagingservices.Wirelesstechnologyhasthebenefitofimprovingdatamobility,usingdifferentprotocolssuchasWi-FiandBluetooth.Inthemedicalfield,manystudiesintroducedbodysensornetworks（BSN）forhealthcareapplications.BSNimprovesthepatient’smonitoringsystemwiththehelpofthemoderntechnology.Thiscanbedonebyvariouswearablesensorsequippedwithwirelesscapabilities,Inaddition,asseeninvariousresearches,itisdesirabletodevelopalowpowersystem.Differenttypesofsensorscanbeusedformonitoringmovements,temperaturechanges,heart-beat,bloodpressureandmoretoestablishapatientmonitoringsystem.Bluetoothisoneofthewidelyavailableoptionsformanagingwirelessnetworkstosimultaneouslyconnectupto7ancillarydevices.

Inthispaper,weintroduceamicrocontrollersystemthatcommunicatesviaBluetoothwiththesmartphonefordatacollections,andstreamsdatasimultaneouslytothecentralserverfordatastorageandanalysisviatheInternet.ThissystemprovidesasolutionformobilepatientsbyformingawirelessBSNinBluetoothandWi-Fi/cellularInternetconnectionswithacommonAndroidsmartphonewhichcanmonitorthepatientstatusviawirelessdatatransmission.

2　SYSTEMDESIGN

Figure1representstheMobileSensorDataCollectorthatinvolvesBluetooth,NearFieldCommunication（NFC）andwirelessInternetconnectionsforcollecting,streaming,storingandanalyzingsensordatainreal-time.ThreedifferentsensorstransfersampleddatatotheMSP430BT5190whichcommunicatewiththeCC2560BluetoothtransmitterviaUARTandsendsdatatoasmartphoneusingtheAndroidandBluetoothsystem.Onthephone,itdisplaysreceiveddataonthescreenandstreamstotheserverforstorageanddataanalysis.Theterm“real-time”inthispaperisusedtoexpressthatdatatransfersareachievedwithoutperceivabledelaysamongthedevices.Also,sincetheAndroidsystemiscapableofrunningapplicationsoftwareinthebackgroundmode,theapplicationusedinthispaperhastheabilitytotransferdataduringaphonecall.

Figure1　OverallDesignofMobileSensorDataCollector

AJava-basedUDPserverapplicationisusedtocollectdatasentfromthesmartphoneviatheInternet.Whenreceivingdatafromthesmartphone,theserverapplicationdisplaysandsavesallreceiveddatatoatextfileforlateranalysis.Forexperimentalpurposes,thisserverwasimplementedwithanordinarydesktoptodemonstrateourfundamentalidea.Also,UDPprotocolwaschosenoverTCPbecauseUDPusuallyachievesfastertransmissionthantheTCPprotocolbynotwaitingforanacknowledgmentsignalbacktotheorigin.

3　EXPERIMENTRESULTS

AsshowninFigure1,allexperimentsareinitiatedusinganNFCtaggingprocesstostarttheAndroidapplicationandinitiatetheBluetoothconnectionautomatically.Inthisparticularsmartphone,theNFCtagreaderislocatedonthebackside.TheuserneedstotapontheNFCtagasshowninFigure2toruntheprogram.TheNFCtagcontainingtheBluetoothMACaddressoftheCC2560Bluetoothdeviceisattachedtodemonstratewherethetagshouldbelocated.

Figure2　Initiatingconnectionprocess

Upto7ancillarysensornodescanbesimultaneouslyconnectedtotheAndroidsystem.However,asinglesensorBluetoothconnectionwasemployedfortestingpurposes.

3.1　AccelerometerDataCollection

Inthispaper,theAndroid2.3.3and4.0.3operatingsystemsaretestedusingGoogleNexusStodisplaycollecteddataandstreamdatatotheserver.ThedesignofthenewsystemisachievedfirstbycollectingsensordatafromtheMSP430BT5190,transferredviatheCC2560Bluetoothtransmitter.Then,theBluetoothtransmittersendsdatatothesmartphone,whichdisplaysthecollecteddatainreal-time.Asanexample,Figure3（a）showstheaccelerometerdatacollectedanddisplayedonthesmartphoneintextandFigure3（b）showsthedatainthegraphicalnotation.

Figure3　Receivedreal-timeaccelerationdatadisplay

（a）textnotation;　（b）graphicalnotation

ThesedataarebeingsenttothecentralservereitherviaWi-Fiorcellularnetworksforstorageandanalysisatthesametime.Figure4showsthereceiveddatafromthesmartphonedisplayedontheserver.Theserveralsosavesdatatoatextfileinthedesignateddirectoryfordataanalysis.

Figure4　Receivedreal-timeaccelerationdataonserver

Anaxisvaluerepresentationdependsontherawsensordataandthisrawdatacoulddifferfromthesensors.Thereare3axesprovidedfromthesensorandeachsetofdataneedstobeinterpreted.Forthisparticulardeviceusedinthispaper,x-axisdatabetween-60and-50representsLEFT,between+50and+60representsRIGHT.Thisruleappliessimilarlytotheothertwoaxes.Thisdiffersfromothersensorswherethedataoutputofaccelerationisnormallyrepresentedintermsofm/s2.However,atranslationalgorithmsharesthesameidea.Figure5istheresultoftranslatingtheaccelerometerdatabasedonaccelerometermovements.

Figure5　Accelerometerdatatranslation

ThistypeoftheaccelerometertranslationwasextendedtotheSnakeGamesampleprovidedbyAndroidDevelopers[9].Theoriginalgameusestouchscreeninputstocontrolthesnake.ThetouchscreeninputswerereplacedbyaccelerometermovementstoprovidedatainLEFT,RIGHT,UPandDOWN.Thedataanalysiswasdoneonthephoneitselffortestpurposes.Figure6showsthemovementofthesnakeonthephonethatiscontrolledbyaccelerometerdatafromtheMSP430eZ430-RF2560.

Figure6　RemotecontrollingSnakeGame

Thisexampleemphasizesthataccelerometerdatacanbeadaptedforthepatientmovementdetectionsystem.Multipleaccelerometerscouldbeimplementedtoproducemoreadvancedmovementanalysis.

3.2　TemperatureSensorDataCollection

Atemperaturesensormonitoringthereal-timeroomtemperatureisusedtoperformtheexperiment.Theprocedureoftheexperimentresemblestheprevioussectionbutwiththedifferentdatainterpretation.Inthisparticularexperiment,aheatgunwasusedtoheatuporcooldownthesensorfortestingpurposesasshowninFigure7.Similartothepreviousaccelerometerapplication,Figure8（a）showsthetextnotationofthereceiveddatainreal-timeandFigure8（b）showsthegraphicalnotationofthereceiveddatainreal-time.Particularlyinthegraphicalnotationoutput,weprovideawarningmessageifthetemperatureexceedsmorethan35degreesCelsius.Also,thegraphicalnotationhasarangeofbetween0degreesCelsiusto50degreesCelsiusforthisdemonstration.

Figure9showstheserverdisplayingthereceiveddatafromthesmartphone.Itdeliverssimilaroutputscomparedtotheaccelerometerdemonstrationandalsosavesittoatextfile.

Figure7　Testingtemperaturesensordatatransmission

Figure8　Receivedreal-timetemperaturedatadisplay

（a）textnotation;　（b）graphicalnotation

Figure9　Receivedreal-timetemperaturedataonserver

3.3　Electrocardiography（ECG）DataCollection

TheECGsignalisanimportantpartofapatientmonitoringsystem.Currently,ECGmachinesaredependentonwiredconnectionswhichlimittheirdatamobility.OursystemusingtheBluetoothprotocolforECGsignalcollectionsgreatlyenhancesthemobility.ThisECGsignalisalsosentsimultaneouslytotheserverviaawirelessInternetconnectionthroughthesmartphoneinreal-time.Figure10showsthedisplayofreceivedECGsignalonthesmartphoneandFigure11showsthesameresulttransmittedtotheserverinthetextformat.

Figure10　Receivedreal-timeECGdataingraphicalnotation

Figure11　Receivedreal-timeECGdataonserver

Heart-beatrate（BPM）canbedeterminedafteranalysisofthedataeitheronthesmartphoneortheserver.Inthisparticularexample,itrepresentsapatient’sstableconditionwithanormalheart-beatrateatapproximately72BPM.Thistypeofdatacanbediagnosticallyvaluableandeasilytransmittedforconsultationswithdistantexperts.

3.4　OverallDataTransmissionRate（DTR）

TheDataTransmissionRate（DTR）isanotherimportantpartofthesystemconsideringthedatasize.Inoursystem,DTRdependsonthemicrocontroller,theBluetoothtransmitterandthewirelessInternetconnectionspeed.AnUARTconnectionbetweenthesensorandmicrocontrollerisestablishedatthebaudrateof115200bpswhichachievesacommunicationbandwidthupto15KB/s.Thisemphasizesthatoursystemiscapableofthedatatransmissionbyintegratingmultipletypesofsensorsforabodysensornetworksystemthatcanbeimportantforpatientmonitoring,real-timedataanalysisanddiagnosis.

4　CONCLUSIONS

Inthis