强力推荐 新课标新目标七九年级英语语法很有用.docx
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强力推荐新课标新目标七九年级英语语法很有用
名词部分
要点:
1、熟记部分可数与不可数
2、可数名词复数构成形式
A.规则名词B.不规则(单复同、变内部元音字母、其它)C.国人D.复合名词、
3、名词所有格
一.给下列名词分类:
cake,bread,message,information,newspaper,paper,job,work,pen,pencil,chalk,language,English等各种语言,beef,room(房间),room(空间),chicken(鸡),chicken(鸡肉),yuan,dollar,money,idea,fish(鱼),fish(鱼肉),knowledge,weather,news,maths等各学科,Christmas,cabbage,pork,advice,glass(玻璃杯),glass(玻璃)
可数名词:
(可数名词可以直接放在数词之后,如果是二个以上,则名词要变成复数形式)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
不可数名词:
(不可数名词不可以直接放在数词之后,如果要表示数量,则要用相应的量词如:
一张/条/片:
apieceof一袋:
abagof一瓶:
abottleof一杯:
acupof一玻璃杯:
aglassof,同时以两个出现的apairof)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
练习:
汉译英
一张纸------------------------------- 五张纸-------------------------------
一张报纸-------------------------------五张报纸-------------------------------
一篮苹果-------------------------------三篮苹果-------------------------------
一支铅笔-------------------------------五支铅笔-------------------------------
多好的天气啊!
-------------------------------替某人腾出地方-------------------------------
一条裤子-------------------------------两条裤子-------------------------------
特别注意:
1.clothes,trousers,police=policemen,people(人们)----为复数概念
2.family(家人),class(全班同学),team(队员)----这些名词当成员解时为复数概念
3.一个人aperson一个民族apeople两个人twopeople两个民族twopeoples
time时间(不可数)如:
sometime(一些时间);
但其前有形容词时要加a,如:
along/short/goodtime
4.time次数(可数)如:
once(一次),twice(二次),threetimes(三次),
sometimes(一些次数),howmanytimes(多少次)
﹛注:
sometimes有时(用于一般现在时);sometime将来某时(用于一般将来时)﹜
练习:
1.Where________(be)myclothes?
2.Thepolice______(be)comingnow.
3.Myfamily_______(be)watchingTVnow.4.Myfamily_______(be)ahappyone.
5.Therearefive_______(人)inmyfamily.6.Thereare56_______(民族)inChina.
二.可数名词复数构成形式:
规则名词1、一般加s:
如:
books,days.
2、以s,x,ch,sh,结尾加es:
如:
boxes,buses,brushes,watches.
3、以f(e)结尾去f(e)变v加es:
如:
knife-knives,life-lives,leaf-leaves.
4、以辅+y去y变i加es:
如:
story-stories.
5、以o结尾除(tomatoes,potatoes,heroes,Negroes)外,其余加s:
如:
photos,radios
不规则:
1、变内部元音字母:
man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,policeman-policemen
2、单复同:
sheep-sheep,fish-fish(es),
3、其它形式:
child-children,mouse-mice,
国人:
1、单复同:
Chinese,Japanese.
2、man-men:
Englishman-Englishmen,Frenchman-Frenchmen,
3、加s:
German-Germans,American-Americans等
复合名词:
1、agirl/boystudent-twogirl/boystudents
2.aman/womandoctor-twomen/womendoctors
3、abrother-in-law—twobrothers-in-lawatooth-brush—twotooth-brushes
三.名词所有格
1.不以s结尾的名词加[’s]:
Tom’s,aminute’swalk,Women’sDay,Children’sDay,Japan’shistory,Beijing’sweather,onehour’sbusride
2.以s结尾的复数名词加[’]:
twominutes’(分钟的)walk,Teachers’Day(教师节)
(注:
如果以s结尾的名词不是复数形式,那么其名词所有格仍加’s。
如:
琼斯的小汽车Jones’scar;我老板的家myboss’shome
3.共同拥有:
LilyandLucy’s分别拥有:
Lily’sandLucy’s
TheyareLily’sandLucy’ssons.ThemanisLilyandLucy’sfather.
4.of用法:
意为“…的”(注意of前后的关系)
如:
afriendofmyfather’s=myfather’sfriend我爸爸的朋友
aphotoofmyfather我爸爸的照片aphotoofmyfather’s我爸爸收藏的照片
thetopofthehouse房子的顶部
(注:
表示店铺或某人的家时,可省略所有格后的名词如:
thedoctor’s医生的诊所,myuncle’s我叔叔家
四.名词在句子中的作用:
主语BeijingisthecapitalofChina.宾语Weloveourmotherland.
表语Hebecameahandsomeboy.宾语补足语TheymadeTomourmonitor.
定语Heisstandingattheschoolgate.
状语(限于表示时间和距离等概念的名词如:
Thetranslatorradiocostmeonehundredyuan.
同位语Hehasgreatconcernforusstudents.
五.主谓一致
(1)表示“距离、时间、重量、面积、金额”等复数名词通常用单数动词形式。
Onehundreddollarsis(be)notenough.
Thirtyminutesis(be)sufficientforyou.
Fiftythousandkilometersis(be)alongway.
(2)就近原则
either…or…要么…要么…EitheryouorIam(be)right.
neither…nor…既不…也不…NeitherInorheis(be)right.
notonly…but(also)…不但…而且…NotonlyIbutTomwants(want)togothere.
Therebe名型(某地/时)有…Thereis_(be)apenandtwobooksonthedesk.
(3)与第一个一致
Aaswellas/(together)withBFatheraswellasIlikes(like)watchingTV.
(4)两者相加
AandBTomandBobare(be)goodstudents.
六.修饰名词的词或短语:
1.afew(有几个),few(几乎没有),alittle(有一点),little(几乎没有)
这四个当中含有“few”的修饰可数复数名词,含有“little”的修饰不可数名词。
这四个当中含有“a”的含有肯定,不含“a”的含有否定。
例:
1.Hehas___friendshere,sohehastostayathomealone.
A.afewB.fewC.alittleD.little
2.Thereis___milkinthebottle,andIcangiveyousome.
A.afewB.fewC.alittleD.little
2.many跟可数复数,much跟不可数(两者都可单独使用)
lotsof=alotof(跟可数复数或不可数名词)
Muchfreshwaterhasbeenwasted.(可用lotsof或alotof)
ManyforeignershavecometoChinaforavisit.(可用lotsof或alotof)
3.some与any共同点:
二者可以单独使用,也可修饰可数复数名词或不可数名词;
不同点:
some用于肯定句与希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句。
any用于疑问句与否定句。
如:
1.--Arethere_________interestingfilmsoninthatcinema?
–No,therearen’t_________./Yes,thereare_________.
2.Willyougiveme_________paper?
(希望得到对方肯定回答)
3.Wouldyoulike_________tea?
(希望得到对方肯定回答)
配套练习:
()1. June1stis___Day.A.Child’s B.Childs’ C.Childrens’ D.Children’s
()2.September10this___Day. A.theTeacher B.Teachers’ C.Teacher D.Teacher’s
()3. Ineed___paper,Mum.Iwanttowrite___lettertomyEnglishteacher.
A.any,some B.some,a C.a,some D.some,any
()4.Youplayedtheviolinwonderfully.Willyoupleaseplayanother____?
A.oneB.gameC.programmeD.piece
()5.Willyoupassme___?
A.afewpiecesofchalk B.afewchalks C.afewofchalks D.somechalks
()6.Therearetwo___andthree___onthetable.
A.knifes,forks B.knifes,fork C.knives,forkes D.knives,forks
()7.Wehavegotalotof___today.
A.newspapertoread B.homeworktodo C.homeworkstodo D.booktoread
()8.Wecouldsee__childrenandhear___noiseinthepark.
A.many,many B.much,much C.many,much D.much,many
()9.---Wouldyoulike___milk,please?
---No,thankyou.Istillhavesome.
A.somemore B.an C.alittleof D.all
()10.___theoldwomanisin!
A.Whatgoodhealth B.Howagoodhealth C.Whatagoodhealth D.Howgoodhealth
()11.I’mgoingtohelp___with___English.
A.afriendofNancy,hers B.afriendofNancy’s,her
C.afriendofNancy’s,hers D.afriendofNancy,her
()12.Thetwodeskshereare___.Youmayusethedeskoverthere.
A.MaryandJane B.MarysandJanes C.MaryandJane’sD.Mary’sandJane’s
()13.Shewasveryhappy.Sheinthemathtest.
A.makesafewmistakeB.madeafewmistakesC.madefewmistakesD.makesfewmistake
()14.Weneedsomemore____.Canyougoandgetsome,please?
A.potatoB.tomatosC.potatoesD.banana
()15.Whatbig____thetigerhas!
A.toothB.teethC.toothsD.toothes
()16.Pleaseremembertogivethehorsesometree___.A.leafsB.leavesC.leafD.leave
()17InEngland,thelastnameisthe___.
A.fullnameB.familynameC.middlenameD.givenname
()18.Thisismy____dictionary.
A.sisterMaryB.sistersC.sister,Mary'sD.sister'sMary's
()19.Theygotmuch___fromthosenewbooks.A.ideasB.photosC.informationD.stories
()20Hegaveus____onhowtokeepfit.A.someadvicesB.someadviceC.anadviceD.aadvice
()21.What___lovelyweatheritis!
A./B.theC.anD.a
()22.What___sunnydayitis!
A./B.theC.anD.a
()23.-Wouldyoulike___tea?
-No,thanks.Ihavedrunktwo____.
A.any,bottlesoforangeB.some,bottlesoforange
C.many,bottlesoforangesD.few,bottleoforanges
()24.Heishungry.Givehim___toeat.
A.twobreadsB.twopieceofbreadC.twopiecesofbreadD.twopiecesofbreads
()25.Itreallytookhim___todrawthenicehorse.
A.sometimesB.hourC.longtimeD.sometime
()26.Iwouldliketohave___.
A.twoglassesofmilkB.twoglassofmilkIC.twoglassesofmilksD.twoglassofmilks
()27.Canyougiveme____?
A.ateaB.somecupofteaC.acupteaD.acupoftea
()28.Aprilcomebefore___andafter___.
A.March;MayB.May;MarchC.June;MayD.March;February
()29.Johnbought___forhimselfyesterday.
A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoeC.twopairofshoesD.twopairsshoes
()30.Hewentto___shoptobuyashirt.
A.atailorB.thetailorC.atailor’sD.thetailors'
()31.Pleasetaketwo___.
A.pictureoftheparkB.picturesoftheparkC.thepicturesofaparkD.pictureofapark
()32.Inthepicturetherearemany____andtwo____.A.sheep;foxesC.sheeps;foxes
B.sheeps;foxD.sheep;foxs
()33.Agroupof___willvisitthemuseumtomorrow.
A.GermanB.AustralianC.JapaneseD.American
()34.Thistableismadeof___.A.manyglassB.glassesC.someglassesD.glass
()35.-Whatwouldyouliketohaveforlunch,sir?
-I'dlike____.!
A.chickenB.achickenC.chickensD.thechicken
()36.Childrensh