The scaling behavior of the hydraulic conductivity was investigated.docx

The scaling behavior of the hydraulic conductivity was investigated.docx

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Thescalingbehaviorofthehydraulicconductivitywasinvestigated

43

Assessmentofphysicaldisintegrationcharacteristicsofclay-bearingrocks:

Disintegrationindextestandanewdurabilityclassificationchart  OriginalResearchArticle

EngineeringGeology,Volume105,Issues1-2,23April2009,Pages11-19

Z.A.Erguler,R.Ulusay

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44

Scalinganalysisofhydraulicconductivityandporosityonasandymediumofanunconfinedaquiferreproducedinthelaboratory  OriginalResearchArticle

Geoderma,Volume160,Issue1,30November2010,Pages3-12

C.Fallico,S.DeBartolo,S.Troisi,M.Veltri

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ResearchHighlights

►Asandyboxwasbuiltinlaboratoryandutilizedasexperimentalapparatus.►Differenthydraulicconductivityandporositymeasurementmethodswereutilized.►Thescalingbehaviorofthehydraulicconductivitywasinvestigated.►Apossiblescalingeffectwasinvestigatedalsofortheporosity.

45

MappingbadlandareasusingLANDSATTM/ETMsatelliteimageryandmorphologicaldata  OriginalResearchArticle

Geomorphology,Volume106,Issues3-4,15May2009,Pages333-343

M.Liberti,T.Simoniello,M.T.Carone,R.Coppola,M.D'Emilio,M.Macchiato

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46

Graphitizationasaprecursortowearofdiamondinmachiningpureiron:

Amoleculardynamicsinvestigation  OriginalResearchArticle

ComputationalMaterialsScience,Volume45,Issue2,April2009,Pages358-366

R.Narulkar,S.Bukkapatnam,L.M.Raff,R.Komanduri

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AbstractAbstract|Figures/TablesFigures/Tables|ReferencesReferences

Abstract

Itiswellknownthatalthoughdiamondisthehardestknownmaterial,itcannotbeusedeffectivelyformachiningpureironorlowcarbonferrousalloysduetoextremelyrapidtoolwear.Severalresearchgroupshavepostulatedthatthemechanismfortheobservedwearofdiamondtoolsinvolvestheinitialtransformationoftetrahedraldiamondintohcpgraphite,thethermodynamicallymorestableformofcarbonundertheusualconditionsofmachining/grinding.Thenextstepinthepostulatedmechanisminvolvesthediffusionofgraphiticcarbonintotheironworkpiece.Inspiteofthewealthofpublicationsreportingexperimentalinvestigationsofthisphenomenon,thisproposedmechanismstillremainsnomorethanahypothesis,albeit,areasonableone.Theproblemisthatthetimescales（afewsecondstoaminuteormore）overwhichtheexperimentsareconductedaretoolongtopermitdirectobservationofthediamond → graphitetransformation,whichoccursonananosecondtopicosecondtimescale,ifitoccursatall.Inthispaper,weutilizemoleculardynamics（MD）andrealisticinteractionpotentialstoprovidethefirstdirectevidencethatthediamond → graphitetransformationdoesoccurand,therefore,couldbetheprincipalmechanismofwearofsingle-pointdiamondtoolsinthemachiningofferrousmaterials.MDsimulationsofnanometriccuttingofpureironorientedin（1 0 0）andcutalong

1 0 0

directionhavebeenconductedindifferentorientationsoftheclearanceface,namely,（1 1 0）,（1 1 1）,and（1 0 0）withadiamondtoolatacuttingspeedof100 m s−1toinvestigatethemicromechanismsofdiamondtoolwear.Amodifiedembeddedatom（MEAM）potentialwasusedfortheFe–FeandFe–Cinteractions,andaTersoffpotentialfortheC–Cinteractions.Thecomputationsemployedthelarge-scaleatomic/molecularmassivelyparallelsimulator（LAMMPS）softwaredevelopedattheSandiaNationalLaboratory.Theresultsprovidethefirstdirectevidencethatascuttingcommences,thestructureofdiamondatthecuttingedgebeginstotransformfromdiamondcubicintohexagonalgraphiteinthepresenceofiron.Subsequenttothistransformation,thegraphiticcarbondiffusesintotheiron.Thediamond（1 0 0）planewasfoundtobethemostresistantandthe（0 1 1）planetheleastresistanttographitizationwiththe（1 1 1）planeshowingintermediatepropensityfortransformationtoagraphitestructure.Theseresultsareinaccordwithreportedexperimentalobservations.Thus,theMDobservationsprovidedirectevidencesupportingthewearmechanismsthathavebeenproposedintheliterature.

ArticleOutline

1.Introduction

2.Simulationsetupandtestconditions

3.Resultsanddiscussion

3.1.Casei:

clearancefaceorientation（1 1 0）

3.2.Caseii:

clearancefaceorientation（1 1 1）

3.3.Caseiii:

clearancefaceorientation（1 0 0）

4.Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

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47

Influencesofthickness-uniformityandsurfacemorphologyontheelectricalandopticalpropertiesofsputteredCdTethinfilmsforlarge-areaII–VIsemiconductorheterostructuredsolarcells  OriginalResearchArticle

MaterialsScienceandEngineering:

B,Volume171,Issues1-3,25July2010,Pages73-78

Youn-OkChoi,Nam-HoonKim,Ju-SunPark,Woo-SunLee

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AbstractAbstract|Figures/TablesFigures/Tables|ReferencesReferences

Abstract

Itiswellknownthat,theoretically,thin-filmcadmiumtelluride（CdTe）solarcelltechnologycanimproveontheconversionefficiencyandproductioncostsofconventionalsiliconsolarcelltechnology.Duetotheoptimalbandgapenergy（about1.4 eV）forsolarenergyabsorption,highlightabsorptioncapabilityandlowercostrequirementsforsolarcellproduction,CdTehasbeenwidelyresearchedasbeingsuitableforcommercialcellproduction.Inthisstudy,thesputteringmethod,whichcanimproveonthecost-efficiencyandmass-productionofsolarcells,wasemployedtodeposittheCdTethinfilmwithvariousprocessingconditionssuchassputteringpower,andgaspressure.Theeffectsoftheprocessingconditionsonthethickness-uniformityandsurfacemorphologyoftheCdTethinfilmswereinvestigatedusingatomicforcemicroscope（AFM）andellipsometryforlarge-areasolarcells.ThephotovoltaicpropertiesofCdTethinfilmswereanalyzedinrelationtothedifferentthickness-uniformityandsurfacemorphologycausedbythevariousprocessconditions.Thethickness-uniformity,whichwascontrolledbytheprocessconditionsinthesputteringprocess,wasfoundtoaffectthephotovoltaicpropertiesofthesputtering-depositedCdTethinfilms.HighercarrierconcentrationandbetteropticalabsorbancewereobtainedinCdTethinfilmswithagoodthickness-uniformity.

ArticleOutline

1.Introduction

2.Experiments

3.Resultsanddiscussion

4.Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

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48

WestinghouseAP1000internalsheatingratedistributioncalculationusinga3Ddeterministictransportmethod  OriginalResearchArticle

NuclearEngineeringandDesign,Volume236,Issues14-16,August2006,Pages1558-1564

EnricoBotta,RobertoOrsi

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AbstractAbstract|Figures/TablesFigures/Tables|ReferencesReferences

Abstract

Costreductionandreliabilityincreasearesystematicallypursuedsystemsandcomponents;thisrequires,amongstother,theavailabilityofsophisticatedcomputerprogramsanddetailedanalysismodels.

Asanexample,thecoreshroud,thestructurehavingthefunctiontomaintainthecorecenteredonitsaxis,isbeingdesignedintheWestinghouseAP1000,differentlyfrompreviousplants,asahighlyheterogeneousstructure.Itsthermal-mechanicalsizingmusttakeintodueaccountaccuaratelydeterminedinternalheatgenerationrates.Thelatter,ifdeterminedbycombining2Dand1Dneutronandγ-raycalculationswhichimplytheseparationofspatialvariablesandaremainlyapplicableforfluxesinthereactorbeltlineregion,mayincludeoverlyconservativemargins.Ontheotherhand,MonteCarlomethodsdonotallowaneasyquantificationoftheuncertaintiesrelatedtooverallcalculation.

Three-dimensionaldeterministicmodels,basedonthediscreteordinatetransporttheory,havethepotentialtoprovideaccuaratedesigndata;theycanbealsoeffectiveprovidedthatthewell-knowndifficultytocreateandtuneacomplexgeometricalmodelinareasonabletimeisovercomeandadequatecomputerresourcesareavailabletoperformthecalculation（untilfewyearsago[Bottaetal.,1996.Three-DimensionalReactorPressureVesselFastNeutronFluenceCalculationsfortheAP600UsingTORT,3-DDeterministicRadiationTransportComputerPrograms:

Features,ApplicationsandPerspectives,NEA/NSC/DOC,OECD/NEA.Paris,France],massiveparallelcomputers（i.e.CrayComputers）availableonlytolargenationallaboratoriesandselectedindustrieshadtobeused）.

ANSALDOisactingasWestinghousesubcontractoranditsupportedWestinghouseinallAP1000LicensingProcesstoNRCfrom1999tonowdaysfortheinternalheatingrategenerationrateandRPVfluencecalculations.AscomputerpowergrowthsupANSALDOrefineditscalculationmethodologyinordertoimprovethedesignitself.Therecentdevelopment,byENEABologna,ofapre-postprocessorbasedonthecombinatorialgeometry（thecomputerprogramBOT3P,[ORSI,2002.BOT3P:

BolognaTransportAnalysisPre-Post-processorsVersion1.0,NuclearScienceandEngineering,no.142.AmericanNuclearSociety,USA,pp.349–354;ORSI,2004.BOT3P:

BolognaTransportAnalysisPre-Post-processorsVersion3.0,NuclearScienceandEngineering,no.146.AmericanNuclearSociety,