The scaling behavior of the hydraulic conductivity was investigated.docx

1、The scaling behavior of the hydraulic conductivity was investigated43Assessment of physical disintegration characteristics of clay-bearing rocks: Disintegration index test and a new durability classification chartOriginal Research ArticleEngineering Geology, Volume 105, Issues 1-2, 23 April 2009, Pa

2、ges 11-19Z.A. Erguler, R. UlusayShow preview| Related articles|Related reference work articles Purchase$ 39.9544Scaling analysis of hydraulic conductivity and porosity on a sandy medium of an unconfined aquifer reproduced in the laboratoryOriginal Research ArticleGeoderma, Volume 160, Issue 1, 30 No

3、vember 2010, Pages 3-12C. Fallico, S. De Bartolo, S. Troisi, M. VeltriShow preview| Related articles|Related reference work articles Purchase$ 31.50Research Highlights A sandy box was built in laboratory and utilized as experimental apparatus. Different hydraulic conductivity and porosity measuremen

4、t methods were utilized. The scaling behavior of the hydraulic conductivity was investigated. A possible scaling effect was investigated also for the porosity.45Mapping badland areas using LANDSAT TM/ETM satellite imagery and morphological dataOriginal Research ArticleGeomorphology, Volume 106, Issu

5、es 3-4, 15 May 2009, Pages 333-343M. Liberti, T. Simoniello, M.T. Carone, R. Coppola, M. DEmilio, M. MacchiatoClose preview| Related articles|Related reference work articles LOADING.Purchase$ 31.5046Graphitization as a precursor to wear of diamond in machining pure iron: A molecular dynamics investi

6、gationOriginal Research ArticleComputational Materials Science, Volume 45, Issue 2, April 2009, Pages 358-366R. Narulkar, S. Bukkapatnam, L.M. Raff, R. KomanduriClose preview| Related articles|Related reference work articles AbstractAbstract | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables | ReferencesReferences Abst

7、ractIt is well known that although diamond is the hardest known material, it cannot be used effectively for machining pure iron or low carbon ferrous alloys due to extremely rapid tool wear. Several research groups have postulated that the mechanism for the observed wear of diamond tools involves th

8、e initial transformation of tetrahedral diamond into hcp graphite, the thermodynamically more stable form of carbon under the usual conditions of machining/grinding. The next step in the postulated mechanism involves the diffusion of graphitic carbon into the iron workpiece. In spite of the wealth o

9、f publications reporting experimental investigations of this phenomenon, this proposed mechanism still remains no more than a hypothesis, albeit, a reasonable one. The problem is that the time scales (a few seconds to a minute or more) over which the experiments are conducted are too long to permit

10、direct observation of the diamondgraphite transformation, which occurs on a nanosecond to picosecond time scale, if it occurs at all. In this paper, we utilize molecular dynamics (MD) and realistic interaction potentials to provide the first direct evidence that the diamondgraphite transformation do

11、es occur and, therefore, could be the principal mechanism of wear of single-point diamond tools in the machining of ferrous materials. MD simulations of nanometric cutting of pure iron oriented in (100) and cut along 100 direction have been conducted in different orientations of the clearance face,

12、namely, (110), (111), and (100) with a diamond tool at a cutting speed of 100ms1 to investigate the micromechanisms of diamond tool wear. A modified embedded atom (MEAM) potential was used for the FeFe and FeC interactions, and a Tersoff potential for the CC interactions. The computations employed t

13、he large-scale atomic/molecular massively parallel simulator (LAMMPS) software developed at the Sandia National Laboratory. The results provide the first direct evidence that as cutting commences, the structure of diamond at the cutting edge begins to transform from diamond cubic into hexagonal grap

14、hite in the presence of iron. Subsequent to this transformation, the graphitic carbon diffuses into the iron. The diamond (100) plane was found to be the most resistant and the (011) plane the least resistant to graphitization with the (111) plane showing intermediate propensity for transformation t

15、o a graphite structure. These results are in accord with reported experimental observations. Thus, the MD observations provide direct evidence supporting the wear mechanisms that have been proposed in the literature.Article Outline1. Introduction2. Simulation setup and test conditions3. Results and

16、discussion 3.1. Case i: clearance face orientation (110)3.2. Case ii: clearance face orientation (111)3.3. Case iii: clearance face orientation (100)4. ConclusionsAcknowledgementsReferencesPurchase$ 39.9547Influences of thickness-uniformity and surface morphology on the electrical and optical proper

17、ties of sputtered CdTe thin films for large-area IIVI semiconductor heterostructured solar cellsOriginal Research ArticleMaterials Science and Engineering: B, Volume 171, Issues 1-3, 25 July 2010, Pages 73-78Youn-Ok Choi, Nam-Hoon Kim, Ju-Sun Park, Woo-Sun LeeClose preview| Related articles|Related

18、reference work articles AbstractAbstract | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables | ReferencesReferences AbstractIt is well known that, theoretically, thin-film cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cell technology can improve on the conversion efficiency and production costs of conventional silicon solar cell techn

19、ology. Due to the optimal band gap energy (about 1.4eV) for solar energy absorption, high light absorption capability and lower cost requirements for solar cell production, CdTe has been widely researched as being suitable for commercial cell production. In this study, the sputtering method, which c

20、an improve on the cost-efficiency and mass-production of solar cells, was employed to deposit the CdTe thin film with various processing conditions such as sputtering power, and gas pressure. The effects of the processing conditions on the thickness-uniformity and surface morphology of the CdTe thin

21、 films were investigated using atomic force microscope (AFM) and ellipsometry for large-area solar cells. The photovoltaic properties of CdTe thin films were analyzed in relation to the different thickness-uniformity and surface morphology caused by the various process conditions. The thickness-unif

22、ormity, which was controlled by the process conditions in the sputtering process, was found to affect the photovoltaic properties of the sputtering-deposited CdTe thin films. Higher carrier concentration and better optical absorbance were obtained in CdTe thin films with a good thickness-uniformity.

23、Article Outline1. Introduction2. Experiments3. Results and discussion4. ConclusionsAcknowledgementsReferencesPurchase$ 31.5048Westinghouse AP1000 internals heating rate distribution calculation using a 3D deterministic transport methodOriginal Research ArticleNuclear Engineering and Design, Volume 2

24、36, Issues 14-16, August 2006, Pages 1558-1564Enrico Botta, Roberto OrsiClose preview| Related articles|Related reference work articles AbstractAbstract | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables | ReferencesReferences AbstractCost reduction and reliability increase are systematically pursued systems and compon

25、ents; this requires, amongst other, the availability of sophisticated computer programs and detailed analysis models. As an example, the core shroud, the structure having the function to maintain the core centered on its axis, is being designed in the Westinghouse AP1000, differently from previous p

26、lants, as a highly heterogeneous structure. Its thermal-mechanical sizing must take into due account accuarately determined internal heat generation rates. The latter, if determined by combining 2D and 1D neutron and -ray calculations which imply the separation of spatial variables and are mainly ap

27、plicable for fluxes in the reactor beltline region, may include overly conservative margins. On the other hand, Monte Carlo methods do not allow an easy quantification of the uncertainties related to overall calculation. Three-dimensional deterministic models, based on the discrete ordinate transpor

28、t theory, have the potential to provide accuarate design data; they can be also effective provided that the well-known difficulty to create and tune a complex geometrical model in a reasonable time is overcome and adequate computer resources are available to perform the calculation (until few years

29、ago Botta et al., 1996. Three-Dimensional Reactor Pressure Vessel Fast Neutron Fluence Calculations for the AP600 Using TORT, 3-D Deterministic Radiation Transport Computer Programs: Features, Applications and Perspectives, NEA/NSC/DOC, OECD/NEA. Paris, France, massive parallel computers (i.e. Cray

30、Computers) available only to large national laboratories and selected industrieshad to be used). ANSALDO is acting as Westinghouse subcontractor and it supported Westinghouse in all AP1000 Licensing Process to NRC from 1999 to nowdays for the internal heating rate generation rate and RPV fluence cal

31、culations. As computer power growths up ANSALDO refined its calculation methodology in order to improve the design itself. The recent development, by ENEA Bologna, of a pre-post processor based on the combinatorial geometry (the computer program BOT3P, ORSI, 2002. BOT3P: Bologna Transport Analysis Pre-Post-processors Version 1.0, Nuclear Science and Engineering, no. 142. American Nuclear Society, USA, pp. 349354; ORSI, 2004. BOT3P: Bologna Transport Analysis Pre-Post-processors Version 3.0, Nuclear Science and Engineering, no. 146. American Nuclear Society,