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英语国家概况答案doc
英语作业答案
Unit1
Ⅰ.ReadthefollowingstatementscarefullyanddecidewhethertheyareTrueorFalse.
1.TheislandofGreatBritainisgeographicallydividedintothreeparts:
England,ScotlandandWales.(T)英伦三岛包括英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
2.PeopleindifferentpartsofBritainliketousethenameEnglandtorefertotheircountry.(F)British
3.TodaymorethanhalfofthepeopleinWalesstillspeaktheancientWelshlanguage.(F)
4.Intermsofpopulationandarea,NorthernIrelandisthesecondlargestpartoftheUnitedKingdom.(F)英格兰是面积最大,人口最多的
5.ThelongestriverofBritainoriginatesinWales.(T)TheRiverSevern:
赛文河
6.Becauseofpoliticaltroubles,NorthernIrelandhasbeenquitesignificantamongthefourconstituentpartsoftheUnitedKingdom.(T)
Ⅱ.Choosetheonethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingstatements.
1.ThetwomainislandsoftheBritishIslesare.
不列颠群岛是由两个大岛组成的:
不列颠和爱尔兰
A.GreatBritainandIrelandB.GreatBritainandScotland
C.GreatBritainandWalesD.GreatBritainandEngland
2.isthecapitalcityofScotland.
A.BelfastB.EdinburghC.AberdeenD.Cardiff
3.AmongthefourpartsoftheUnitedKingdom,isthesmallest.
A.EnglandB.Scotland
C.WalesD.NorthernIreland
4.TheintroductionofChristianitytoBritainaddedthefirstelementofwordstoEnglish.
A.DanishandFinnishB.DutchandGerman
C.FrenchandItalianD.LatinandGreek
5.TheevolutionofMiddleEnglishwasreinforcedbytheinfluence.
A.NormanB.DutchC.GermanD.Danish
6.SamuelJohnson’sdictionarywasinfluentialinestablishingastandardformof.
A.grammarB.handwriting
C.spellingD.pronunciation
7.Atpresent,nearlyoftheworld’spopulationcommunicateinEnglish.
A.halfB.aquarter
C.OnethirdD.onefifth
III.Givebriefanswerstothefollowingquestions·
1.WhatisthefullnameoftheU.K.?
ThefullnameistheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland
2.WhydotouristsfromallovertheworldliketogotoScotland?
TheyliketoenjoythebeautifulScottishscenery,todrinkScotchwhiskyandtoseeScotsmanwearingkiltsandplayingbagpipes.
3.HowmanyperiodscanthedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguagebedividedintoandwhatarethey?
ThedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguagecanbedividedintothreeperiods:
OldEnglish,MiddleEnglishandModernEnglish.
4.WhydidEnglishbecomemoreimportantaftertheBlackDeath(黑死病)?
ThelaboringandmerchantclassesgrewineconomicandsocialimportanceaftertheBlackDeath,soEnglishalsogrewinimportancecomparedtoFrench.
Ⅳ.Stateyourunderstandingofthefollowingquestionsinabout100words.
1.whoareBritishpeople?
ThefirstknowninhabitantsinBritainwereCeltswhoaretheancestorsofwelsh,ScottishandIrishpeople.ThencametheAnglos,theSaxonsandtheJuteswhobroughtwiththemEnglishlanguage.ManypeoplefromotherEuropeancountriescamelater,andinmoderntimestherearealotsofimmigrantsfrommanyformerCommonwealth(共和国)countriesfromeverypartoftheworld,andtheBritishpeoplearealsocomposedofpeoplefromdifferentethnicandculturalbackgrounds.
2.WhatisStandardEnglish?
StandardEnglishisbasedonthespeechoftheupperclassofthesoutheasternEngland;itiswidelyusedinmediaandtaughtatschools.Itispreferredbytheeducated,middle-classpeople.IshasdevelopedandhasbeenpromotedasamodelforthecorrectBritishEnglish.Itisalsothenorm(标准)carriedoverseas.Today,StandardEnglishiscodifiedtotheextentthatthegrammarandvocabularyaremuchthesameeverywhereintheworldwhereEnglishistaughtandused.
Unit2
I.ReadthefollowingstatementscarefullyanddecidewhethertheyareTrueorFalse.
1.TheBritishhistorybefore55BCisbasicallyundocumented.(T)
2.TheCeltsbecamethedominantgroupinBritainbetweenthe8thand5thcenturiesBC.(T)
3.ThenameofBritaincamefromaCeltictribe—theBritons.(T)
4.TheAnglo—SaxonscametoBritaininthemid-5thcentury.(T)(不考)
5.ThechieforkingoftheAnglo-Saxontribesexercisedpowerattheirownwill.(F)
6.TheVikingsbegantoattacktheEnglishcoastinthe8thcentury.(T)
7.HenryIIbuiltupalargeempirewhichincludedEnglandandmostofFrance(T)
8.TheMagnaCartawasdesignedtoprotecttherightsofboththeprivilegedclassandthetownspeople.(F)
9.TheHundredYears’WarwasaseriesofwarsfoughtbetweenEnglandandNormansfortradeandterritory.(F)
10.inanefforttomakeacompromisebetweendifferentreligiousfactions,QueenElizabethIactuallydefendedthefruitoftheReligiousReformation.(T)
Ⅱ.Choosetheonethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingstatements.
1.TheattackonRomeendedtheRomanoccupationinBritainin410.
A.NormanB.Danish
C.CelticD.Germanic
2.Bythelate7thcentury,becamethedominantreligioninEngland.
A.CelticChristianityB.Anglo-SaxonChristianity
C.GermanicChristianityD.RomanChristianity
3.WestminsterAbbey(威斯敏斯特教堂)wasbuiltatthetimeof.
A.St.AugustineB.EdwardtheConfessor(忏悔者爱德华)
C.WilliamtheConquerorD.AlfredtheGreat
4.Themarkedtheestablishmentoffeudalism(封建制度)inEngland.
A.VikinginvasionB.signingoftheMagnaCarta
C.NormanConquestD.Adoptionofcommonlaw
5.TheendoftheWarsoftheRosesledtotheruleof.
A.theHouseofValoisB.theHouseofYork
C.theHouseofTudor(都铎楼)D.theHouseofLancaster
出身于族徽为红玫瑰的兰开斯特家族的亨利·都铎结束了玫瑰战争,登上了英国王位,称亨利七世
6.ThedirectcausefortheReligiousReformationwasKingHenryVIII’Seffortto.
A.divorcehiswifeB.breakwithRome
C.supporttheProtestantsD.declarehissupremepoweroverthechurch
7.TheEnglishCivilWarbrokeoutin1642between.
A.ProtestantsandPuritansB.RoyalistsandParliamentarians
C.noblesandpeasantsD.aristocratsandChristians
8.waspassedaftertheGloriousRevolution(光荣革命).
A.BillofRightsB.ActofSupremacy
C.ProvisionsofOxfordD.MagnaCarta
9.TheIndustrialRevolutionwasaccomplishedinBritainbythemiddleofthecentury.
A.17thB.18thC.19thD.20th
10.Britainfacedstrongchallengesinitsglobalimperialdominancebythebeginningofthecentury.
A.17thB.18thC.19thD.20th
III.Givebriefanswerstothefollowingquestions.
1.WhatarethetwocomponentsoftheBritishparliament?
2.WhatweresomeofQueenVictoria’smajorachievements?
3.WhatwerethetwocampsinEuropeinWorldWarⅠ?
4.WhydidBritaincooperatecloselywiththeUnitedStatesafterWorldWarⅡ?
Answers:
1.TheyaretheHouseofCommonsandtheHouseofLords.
2.QueenVictoriamadetremendousachievementsinalmosteveryaspect.Shepromotedfurtherindustrialrevolution,thebuildingofrailwaysandthegrowingoftradeandcommerce.Bytheendofherreign,Britainhaddevelopedtoanempireincludingaquarteroftheglobalpopulationandnearlyaquarteroftheworld’slandmass.
3.TheCentralPowerswhichincludedGermany,Austria-Hungary,theOttomanEmpireandBulgariaandtheAlliedPowerswhichweremainlycomprisedofFrance,theRussianEmpire,theBritishEmpire,ItalyandtheUnitedStates.
4.BecausetheywerealliedduringthewarandsharedthesameworriesabouttheformerSovietUnion.
Ⅳ.Stateyourunderstandingofthefollowingquestions.
1.WhatweretheresultsoftheIndustrialRevolutioninBritain?
2.TheRiseandFalloftheBritishEmpire?
Answers:
1.TheIndustrialRevolutionchangedBritaininmanyways.First,industrialproductivityincreaseddramatically.Britainbecamethemostadvancedindustrialcountryandalsothefinancialcenterintheworld.Second,urbanizationtookplace.Manynewcitiessprangup.Third,itcausedgreatchangesintheclassstructure.Theoldsocialclassesdeclined,andnewonesemergedanddeveloped.Theconflictbetweenthecapitalistsandtheproletariansbecamethemostimportantpoliticalissue.
2.ColonizationofNewfoundland,thefirstBritishcolonyoverseas,in1583markedthebeginningoftheBritishEmpire.By1837,BritainhadlongbeenanempirewhichincludedthecoloniesinCanada,Australia,NewZealand,IndiaandmanysmallstatesintheWestIndies.Bytheendofthe19thcentury,theBritishEmpireincludedaquarteroftheglobalpopulationandnearlyaquarteroftheworld’slandmass.Duringthemid-19thcentury,theBritishgovernmentconsolidatedtheexistingcoloniesbybringingthemunderthedirectcontrolofthegovernment.BeforeWorldWarⅠ,Britainhadthelargestcolonialempireintheworld.However,BritainsufferedgreatlosstoitsmanpowerinthetwoWorldWarsandexhausteditsreservesofgold,dollarsandoverseasinvestment.MostofBritain’scoloniesgainedindependencesincethe1940s,whichinevitablyledtothefalloftheEmpire.
Unit4PoliticsandGovernmentofUK
I.ReadthefollowingstatementscarefullyanddecidewhethertheyareTrueorFalse.
1.Conventions(党代会)areregardedlessimportantthancommonlawintheworkingoftheBritishgovernment.F
2.TheBritishmonarchyhasneverbeeninterruptedthroughoutthehistory.F
3.Inreality,theBritishKingorQueenisthesourceofallgovernmentpowers.F
4.BritishParliamentisthelaw-makingbodyoftheCommonwealthofNations(英联邦国家).F
5.LordsSpiritual(上议院神职议员)andLordsTemporal(上议院世俗议员)areallmembersintheBritishUpperHouse(上议院).T
6.ThemembersintheHouseofCommons(下议院)areappointedratherthanelected.F
上议院是指派的,下议院是选举的。
7.TheBritishPrimeMinisteristheleaderofthemajoritypartyinParliament.T
8.Cabinetmembers(内阁阁员)arechosenbythePrimeMinisterfromvariouspoliticalpartiesinParliament.F
CabinetmembersarechosenbythePrimeMinisterfrommembersofthewinningpoliticalpartiesinParliament
9.Britishlawconsistsoftwoparts,th