外文翻译 机械手.docx

外文翻译 机械手.docx

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外文翻译机械手

HandColumnTypePowerMachine

Followwithourcountrytherapiddevelopmentofindustrialproduction,rapidlyenhancelevelofautomation,implementationartifactsofhandling,steering,transmissionortoilforweldinggun,sprainggun,spannerandothertoolsforprocessing,assemblyoperationsforexampleautomation,shouldcausetheattentionofpeoplemoreandmore.

Industrialrobotisanimportantbranchofindustrialrobots.Itfeaturescanbeprogrammedtoperformtasksinavarietyofexpectations,inbothstructureandperformanceadvantagesoftheirownpeopleandmachines,inparticular,reflectsthepeople'sintelligenceandadaptability.Theaccuracyofrobotoperationsandavarietyofenvironmentstheabilitytocompletetheworkinthefieldofnationaleconomyandtherearebroadprospectsfordevelopment.Withthedevelopmentofindustrialautomation,therehasbeenCNCmachiningcenter,itisinreducinglaborintensity,whilegreatlyimprovedlaborproductivity.However,theupperandlowercommoninCNCmachiningprocessesmaterial,usuallystillusemanualortraditionalrelay-controlledsemi-automaticdevice.Theformertime-consumingandlaborintensive,inefficient;thelatterduetodesigncomplexity,requiremorerelays,wiringcomplexity,vulnerabilitytobodyvibrationinterference,whiletheexistenceofpoorreliability,faultmoremaintenanceproblemsandotherissues.ProgrammableLogicControllerPLC-controlledrobotcontrolsystemformaterialsupanddownmovementissimple,circuitdesignisreasonable,withastronganti-jammingcapability,ensuringthesystem'sreliability,reducedmaintenancerate,andimproveworkefficiency.Robottechnologyrelatedtomechanics,mechanics,electricalhydraulictechnology,automaticcontroltechnology,sensortechnologyandcomputertechnologyandotherfieldsofscience,isacross-disciplinaryintegratedtechnology.

Currentindustrialapproachestorobotarmcontroltreateachjointoftherobotarmasasimplejointservomechanism.Theservomechanismapproachmodelsthevaryingdynamicsofamanipulatorinadequatelybecauseitneglectsthemotionandconfigurationofthewholearmmechanism.Thesechangesintheparametersofthecontrolledsystemsometimesaresignificantenoughtorenderconventionalfeedbackcontrolstrategiesineffective.Theresultisreducedservoresponsespeedanddamping,limitingtheprecisionandspeedoftheend-effecterandmakingitappropriateonlyforlimited-precisiontasks.Manipulatorscontrolledinthismannermoveatslowspeedswithunnecessaryvibrations.Anysignificantperformancegaininthisandotherareasofrobotarmcontrolrequiretheconsiderationofmoreefficientdynamicmodels,sophisticatedcontrolapproaches,andtheuseofdedicatedcomputerarchitecturesandparallelprocessingtechniques.

Manipulatorinstitutionalformissimple,strongprofessionalism,onlyasaloadingdeviceforamachinetools,special-purposemanipulatorisattachedtothismachine.Alongwiththedevelopmentofindustrialtechnology,producedindependentlyaccordingtotheprocesscontroltoachieverepetitiveoperation,usingrangeiswide"programcontrolgeneralmanipulator",hereinafterreferredtoasgeneralmanipulator.Generalmanipulatorusedtoquicklychangetheworkingprocedure,adaptabilityisstronger,soheisinconstanttransformationinthemediumandsmallbatchproductionofproductsarewidelyused.

NO.1Thecompositionofthemanipulator

Manipulatorisintheformofavarietyof,somerelativelysimple,somemorecomplex,butthebasicformisthesame,generallybytheactuators,transmissionsystem,controlsystemandtheauxiliarydevice.

Theactuatormanipulatoractuators,bythehand,wrist,arm,pillars.Handisgraspingmechanism,whichisusedtoclampandreleaseartifacts,asahumanfinger,cancompletestaffofsimilaraction.Isconnectedtothefingersandwristarmcomponents,canbeupanddown,leftandrightsidesandrotarymovement.Simplemanipulatorcannotthewrist.Propusedtosupportthearm,canalsoaccordingtoneedtomakeitmove.

Thedrivingsystemmovementoftheactuatorbythetransmissionsystemtoachieve.Commonmechanicaltransmissionsystemofmechanicaltransmission,hydraulictransmission,pneumatictransmissionandpowertransmissionetc.Severalforms.

Thecontrolsystemofmanipulatorcontrolsystemmainfunctionistocontrolthemanipulatoraccordingtocertainprocedures,movementdirection,position,speed,simplemanipulatorisgenerallynotsetspecialcontrolsystem,onlythestrokeswitch,relay,controlvalvesandcontrolcircuitcanrealizedynamictransmissionsystem,theexecutingagencyactioninaccordancewithrequirements.Actioncomplexmanipulatorshouldadoptstheprogrammablecontroller,microcomputercontrol.

NO.2Classificationandcharacteristicsofthemanipulator

Robotsgenerallyfallintothreecategoriesthefirstisgeneralmanipulatordoesn'tneedmanualoperation.Itisakindofindependenceisnotattachedtoahostdevice.Itcanaccordingtotheneedofthetaskprogram,theoperationoftheprovisionstocomplete.Itiswiththecharacteristicsofcommonmechanicalperformance,alsohasgeneralmachinery,memory,intelligenceofthreeyuan.Thesecondistheneedtodomanually.CalledOperatingmachine.Itoriginatedintheatom,militaryindustry,firstbyOperatingmachinetocompleteaspecificassignment,latertouseradiosignalOperatingmachinetoexplorethemoonandsoon.UsedintheforgingindustryOperatingmachinefallsunderthiscategory.Thethirdkindistousespecialmanipulator,mainlyattachedtoautomaticmachineorautomaticline,usedtosolvemachinetoolmaterialandworkpiecetosendupanddown.Thismanipulatorinaforeigncountryiscalled"theMechanicalHand",itisintheserviceofthehost,drivenbythehost;Exceptafewworkingproceduresgenerallyisfixed,soitisspecial.

NO.3Theapplicationofindustrialmanipulator

Manipulatorisintheprocessofmechanization,automationproduction,developedakindofnewtypeofdevice.Inrecentyears,withelectronictechnology,especiallythewideapplicationofelectroniccomputer,therobot'sdevelopmentandproductionhasbecomeahightechnologydevelopedrapidlyinthefieldofanemergingtechnology,itpromotedthedevelopmentofthemanipulator,makethemanipulatorcanachievebetterwiththecombinationofmechanizationandautomation.

Manipulatoralthoughitisnotasflexibleasmanpower,butitcanhaverepeatedworkandlabor,donotknowfatigue,isnotafraidofdanger,snatchheavyweightsstrengthcharacteristicssuchaslargerthanman,asaresult,themanipulatorhasbeenbroughttotheattentionofthemanydepartments,andhavebeenappliedmoreandmorewidely.

（1）Machinetoolsmachiningtheworkpieceloadingandunloading,especiallyinautomaticlathe,usecommoncombinationmachinetools.

（2）Widelyusedintheassemblyoperation,itcanbeusedtoassembleprintedcircuitboardintheelectronicsindustry,itcanbeinthemachineryindustrytoassembleparts.

（3）Canbeinworkingconditionsispoor,repetitiveeasyfatigueoftheworkenvironment,toinsteadofhumanLabour.

（4）Thedevelopmentoftheuniverseandtheocean.

（5）Militaryengineeringandbiomedicalresearchandtest.

Applicationofrobotscanreplacepeopleindull,repetitiveorheavymanualwork,torealizemechanizationandautomationofproduction,insteadofhumaninharmfulenvironmentofmanualoperation,improvelaborcondition,ensurethepersonalsafety.Inthelate1940s,theUnitedStatesinthenuclearexperiments,firstlyadoptsmanipulatorhandlingradioactivematerials,peopleinthesecurityroomtomanipulatemanipulatorforvariousoperationandexperiment.Afterthe'50s,robotsgraduallyextendedtoindustrialproductiondepartment,foruseinhightemperature,seriouspollutionoflocalleaveworkpiecesandtheloadingandunloadingmaterials,asauxiliarydeviceinthemachinetoolautomaticmachine,automaticproductionlineandprocessingcenterintheapplication,completethematerialupanddownorfromlibrariestakeputtheknivesandreplacetooloperationssuchasfixedprocedure.Manipulatorismainlycomposedofhandandmotionmechanism.Handmechanismvariesaccordingtotheusagesituationandoperationobject,thecommonareholding,holdandtheadsorptiontypeetc.Motionmechanismusuallydrivenbyhydraulic,pneumatic,electricdevices.Manipulatorcanbeachievedindependentlyofscaling,rotationandliftingmovement,generallyspeaking,thereare2~3degreesoffreedom.Robotsarewidelyusedinmachinerymanufacturing,metallurgy,lightindustryandatomicenergyetc.

Manipulatorisusedintheproductionprocessautomationwithgrabandmovetheworkpieceisakindofautomaticdevice,itisintheprocessofmechanization,automationproduction,developedanewtypeofdevice.Inrecentyears,withelectronictechnology,especiallythewideapplicationofelectroniccomputer,therobot'sdevelopmentandproductionhasbecomeahightechnologydevelopedrapidlyinthefieldofanemergingtechnology,itpromotedthedevelopmentofthemanipulator,makethemanipulatorcanachievebetterwiththecombinationofmechanizationandautomation.Robotscanreplacehumansdodangerous,repeattheboringwork,reducehumanlaborintensityandimprovelaborproductivity.Manipulatorhavebeenappliedmoreandmorewidely,itcanbeusedforpartsassembledinthemachineryindustry,processingtheworkpiecehandling,loadingandunloading,especiallyontheautomaticCNCmachine,combinationmachinetoolsmorecommonuse.Atpresent,themanipulatorhasdevelopedintoaflexiblemanufacturingsystemofFMSandflexiblemanufa