英语专业毕业论文 《红字》赏析全英文.docx

英语专业毕业论文 《红字》赏析全英文.docx

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英语专业毕业论文《红字》赏析全英文

浅析《红字》中象征主义手法的运用之阿布丰王创作

Abstract

NathanielHawthorneisagreatromanticnovelistinAmericainthe19thcentury.Asagreatromanticnovelist,Hawthorneisoutstandinginhandlingapplicationofsymbolism.

TheScarletLetterisHawthorne'smostimportantsymbolicnovel,whichisthebestworkofHawthorneandoneoftheindubitablemasterpiecesofAmericanLiterature.AnditisthisnovelthatmakesNathanielHawthorneknownallaroundtheworld.Inthiswork,Hawthorneusesthesymbolismsoskillfullythatitenhancestheartisticeffectsofhisworkgreatly.InTheScarletLetter,symbolismrunsthroughthewholenovel.Themostimportantsymbolisthescarletletteritself.Notonlydoes“A”manifestinvariousforms,butalsoithaschangingmeaningsfrom“adultery”to“able”,even“angelic”inthenovel.Besides,thenameofthefourmajorcharactersinthenovel:

HesterPrynne,ArthurDimmesdale,RogerChillingworthandPearlalsohavetheirownsymbolicmeanings.Someotherobjectsandnaturalsurroundingsthataredescribedinthenovelsuchasthejail,theforest,therosebushandsoonareallendowedwithadeepsymbolicsignificance.TheauthorofthethesiswillexploretheusageofsymbolisminTheScarletLetterfromthethreeaspectsmentionedaboveandanalyzeHawthorne’sskillfuluseofsymbolisminTheScarletLetter.

KeyWords:

thescarletletter；symbolism；HesterPrynne；Pearl

摘要

纳撒尼尔·霍桑是十九世纪美国伟大的浪漫主义小说家。

作为一位伟大的浪漫主义小说家,霍桑对象征主义手法的运用可以说是独具匠心。

长篇小说《红字》是霍桑重要的象征主义代表作品，无疑也是美国文学浪漫主义时期最著名的作品之一。

也正是这部巨著使得霍桑誉满全球。

在这部作品中，作者巧妙运用了象征主义手法，加强了作品的艺术效果。

整篇作品象征主义手法贯穿始终。

其中，最重要的要数红字“A”自己的象征意义。

它不但以各种各样的形式出现，而且其象征意义不竭变更，从“通奸”到“有能力的”甚至“天使般的”。

此外，小说中四个主要角色：

海丝特,丁梅斯代尔，齐灵沃斯,珠儿也都有其各自的象征意义。

小说中描述的景物和场景，例如监狱、森林、玫瑰花园等等也都寓意深刻。

本文正是从以上这几个方面着手，探究作者在小说《红字》中对象征主义手法的巧妙运用。

关键词:

红字；象征；海丝特·普琳；珍珠

Acknowledgements

Thisthesisistheproductoftheauthorandthesupervisor'sthreemonthsofefforts.IthasbeenrepeatedlyrevisedundertheguidanceofProfessorXXX.ItwasthejointeffortsofboththeauthorandtheteachersinForeignLanguagesDepartment.IwouldliketoexpressmyheartfeltthankstoProfessorXXXandtheteacherswhohavehelpedtheauthorintheprocessofthethesiswriting.Iwillalsogivemythankstomyclassmatesandfriendswhohavehelpedmerevisethethesis.Lastbutnotleast,Iwillgivemyheartfeltthankstomyparentswhohavebeenalwayssupportingandencouragingme.

Contents

Introduction1

1VariousSymbolicMeaningsoftheScarletLetter“A”3

1.1TheChangeoftheSymbolicMeaningsoftheScarletLetter“A”3

1.1.1Adultery3

1.1.2AloneandAlienation4

1.1.3Able,AdmirableandAngel5

1.2TheScarletLetterandtheStrictnessofPuritanSociety5

2TheSymbolicMeaningoftheFourMainCharacters6

2.1HesterPrynne6

2.2ArthurDimmesdale7

2.3RogerChillingworth8

2.4Pearl9

3TheSymbolicMeaningsoftheObjectsintheNovel12

Conclusion15

Bibliography16

Introduction

NathanielHawthornewasborninSalemin1804.HewasborninaprestigiousNewEnglandfamilycloselyrelatedwithPuritanchurch;hisancestorsattendedthepersecutionofpeoplebelongingtodifferentchurches,suchasQuakers.Whenhewasborn,hisfamilydeclined.Hewasawareofhisancestors'misdeedsandthus"blacknessofHawthorne"formed.Hethoughtthatthereasonofhisfamily'sdeclineishisancestors'misdeeds.Andhedidn'tagreewiththeoptimismheldbyTranscendentaliststowardshumannature.Hewrotelotsofworksoneverlastingevilsideinhumannature

HawthornegraduatedfromBowdoinCollege.HenryWadsworthLongfellowandFranklinPierce,the14thAmericanpresidentswerehisclassmates.Aftergraduation,helivedinseclusionandwrote.Later,heworkedintheUSCustomHouse.AfterPiercebecamepresident,hewasaskedtobetheconsularinLiverpoolandItaly.

Hawthorne'smasterpieceincludeshisshortstorycollections:

Twice-ToldTales;MosesfromanOldManseandnovels:

TheScarletLetter;TheHouseofSevenGables;TheBlithedaleRomance;TheMarbleFaun.

Hawthorne'swritingskillscanbesummarizedasfollows:

Hawthorneseemstobeinfluencedalotbythesinandevilinhissense.Hebelievesevilexistsinhumanheartallthetime.Forexample,inthenovelTheScarletLetter,theministerDimmesdaletriestopretendhowpureandpiousheis.Hewantstocoveruptheevilinhismind.NotonlyDimmesdalewantstodolikethis,butalsoallthepeopleintheworld,becauseweareonlyhumanbeings.Andtheeviljustlikesamarkthatexistsinourmindwhenweareborn.AndinHawthorne’smind,peoplewhocommitacrimemustbepunished,becausepeoplecangetexperiencefromthisway.Andalsohesupportspeopletotellthetruthandnottooffend.NathanielHawthorneisagreatromanticnovelistinAmericainthe19thcenturyandisconsideredtobethefirstgreatestAmericanfictionwriterinthemoralistictradition.Hawthorneisoutstandinginliteratureskill,especiallyinhandlingsymbolism.Hiswork---TheScarletLetterisnotableforitssymbolismandisregardedasthefirstsymbolicnovelinAmericanliterature.

Thestorybeginsinseventeenth-centuryBoston,whichisunderPuritancommand.Thehusband---anoldanduglyscholar,sendsayoungwoman,namedHesterPrynne,aheadtoAmerica.However,formanyyears,hehimselfdoesn’tarrive.Obviously,itispossiblethathehasbeenlostinthesea.Whilewaitingforherhusband,HesterandayounglocalministercalledArthurDimmesdalefallinlovewitheachother.Theycommitadulterysecretly.BecauseofHester’sPregnancy,thesecretisfinallydiscovered.HesterandDimmesdaleloveeachother.Buttheirloveisforbiddeninthatstrictsociety.Itissinful.Duetothisfact,Hesterispunishedbysocietywithaletter“A”onherchest,whichisconsideredtobeanevil,ashame.

Hesterisbraveenoughtofacethecruelsociety.Sheisalwayswithamindofcourage.Shehasbeenalonewithherchildforsolongatime,withlittlecommunication.Hesterhastoweartheletter“A”daybyday,sevenyearsasforpunishmentandillfame.However,Hesterisakind-heartedwomanandisalwaysreadytohelpotherpeopleinthecommunitywithoutexpectinganythanks.Later,peopleinthetownnolongerviewthescarletletterAasapunishment,butratherasrepresentinghergreatstrengthandbraveryandtheysayitmeans“Able”.

ButArthurDimmesdale,hissinagainstHesterandPearlisthathewillnotacknowledgethemashiswifeanddaughterinthedaylight.Heistooweaktoadmithissins.Hesuffersfrommysterioushearttrouble,seeminglycausedbypsychologicaldistress.What’sworse,heisanadvisortothetownspeopleabouttheirsins.

AfterMr.Dimmesdale’sdeath,noonechangesmoreinappearancethanRogerChillingworth.Allhisstrengthandenergyhasbeenusedtoharmhispatient.Thisunhappymanhasmadehisaiminlifetoaddtothesufferingoftheyoungminister.Whentheeviloldmannolongerhassuchapurpose,thedeviltakeshimbacktothehell.

TheScarletLetterisaculturalallegory,inwhichtheauthorindirectlytellsthefutureofPuritanism.TheScarletLetterisasampleinwhichAmericanRomanticismadapteditselftoAmericanPuritanism.Thethemeofthestoryshould

1VariousSymbolicMeaningsoftheScarletLetter“A”

1.1TheChangeoftheSymbolicMeaningsoftheScarletLetter“A”

Inthisnovel,thescarletletter“A”changesitsmeaningsformanytimes.Thischangeisverysignificant.ttheverybeginning,theletter“A”isregardedasakindofsinorevil.Thenwiththedevelopmentofthestory,itbecomesasymbolofaloneandalienationofthefemalecharacterHester.Finally,itbecomesasymbolofable,admirableandangel.

1.1.1Adultery

Inthenovel,theletter"A",wornonHester'sbosom,isasymbolofheradulteryagainstRogerChillingworth.Puttingtheletter“A”onherbosomandlettinghershowtothepublicisthepuritanwayoftreatingherasacriminal,forthecrimeofadultery.Hesterislookeddownuponasifsheissomesortofdemonfromhellthatcommitsaterriblecrime.Thisletterismeanttobeworninshame,andtomakeHesterfeelunwanted.Thisisthecommonwaytoexplainthesymbolicmeaningoftheletter.Thecolorofscarletisthesymbolofbloodanddesire.HesterandDimmesdalecannotcontroltheirloveforeachotherandbecomethecriminalsofGod.Awomanlosesherpurityandaholyministerispunishedforbringingshametohisholyoccupation.Redshouldberegardedasthesymbolofloveandlife,butunderthecontrolofthePuritanstrictness,Hesterhastowearthescarletletter“A”inordertoberegardedasasymbolofshameandpunishment.

“Here,shesaidtoherself,hadbeenthesceneofherguilt,andhereshouldbethesceneofherearthlypunishment…”（Brown，2002：

123）Hesterisashamedofhersin,butshechoosestofacetherealityratherthanescapefromit.Manypeoplemaychoosethewayofleavingforsomeotherplaceswherenobodyknowsofhersin.However,Hesterisbraveenoughtocontinuetoliveherlife,whichshowsgreatstrengthandintegrityofher.

1.1.2AloneandAlienation

Thescarletletter“A”alsosymbolizesHester'slonelylifeinNewEngland.Hester'ssociallifeisvirtuallyeliminatedasaresultofhershamefulpast.Shehastoliveinsuchacommunityregardlessofothers'ironicalwordsandwithgreatcourageandability.“Ithadbeenbuiltbyanearliersettler,andabandoned,becausethesoilaboutitwastoosterileforcultivation,whileitscomparativeremotenessputitoutofthesphereofthatsocialactivitywhichalreadymarkedthehabitsoftheemigrants.”Hestercomestohaveaparttoperformintheworldwithhernativeenergyofcharacterandrarecapacity."（Chase,1957,）However,therewasnothingthatmadeherfeelasifshebelongedtoit.Everygesture,