2018浙江新高考之概要写作summarywriting.pptx

2018浙江新高考之概要写作summarywriting.pptx

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,SummaryWriting,Whatis“summary”?

Asummaryisabriefrestatementoftheessentialthoughtofalongercomposition.概要是一篇较长文章本质思想的简洁重述，它要求用尽量少的语言对原文的主旨进行复述。

概要不是简单的换句话说，更不是评论，而是作者思想中最基本部分的准确再现。

Howtogetahighmark?

考试说明中评分标准规定概要写作阅卷时按5个档次给分，其中最高档次第五档（21-25points）：

理解准确，涵盖全部要点；能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇；完全使用自己的语言；有效使用了语句间的连接成分，使完成的概要结构紧凑。

contents（内容）,languageskills（语言）,structure（结构）,allthekeypoints,grammar,vocabulary,tightandcoherent（连贯）,yourownwords,about60-80words,rightspelling,properpunctuation,Howtowritingagoodsummary?

定位findouttheessentialinformation改写rewritetheinformationinyourownwords核查checkthesentencesandaddsomeconjunctions,A.定位,通过阅读定位语篇的核心信息，包括核心单词，核心短语和核心句子。

（句子为主，以单词和短语为辅）,1.确定文体thetypesofthepassage,2.消减事例,Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglishin1546.,3.省略细节,（尽量减少实事，大胆省略实事）,essentialinformation,B.改写,在核心信息的基础上进行语言表达形式的改写，对原文的语言表达形式尽可能实现大规模的改变。

改写过程中，原则上字数不超过原句，不改变原文的逻辑结构，充分考虑语句压缩。

1.使用近义词或反义词,ZhouYangwillrememberhisfirsttaskasareporter.,Toresearchwhethersucha“sixthsense”reallyexists,RobertBakerperformedtwoexperiments.,NeverwillZhouYangforgethisfirstassignmentasajournalist.,study,if,carriedout/did/made,Shebroughthomealotofbooksandmagazines.,2.把短语变为单词,Cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.,Cleaningawaydirtbenefitshealth.,3.使用广义词（generalwords）代替具体词（specificwords）,ShebroughthomeseveralChineseandEnglishnovels,afewcopiesofTimeandNewsweek,andsometextbooks.,Hedidntlikethecity.Hehatedit.,4.消除重复,5.把直接引语的主要信息变为间接引语,Thebosssaidtohim,“Tillyouremoreexperiencedyoucancoverastory.”,Hedislikedthecity.,Thebosssaidthatwithmoreexperiencehecouldcovernews.,6.主动句和被动句互换,RobertBaker,apsychologistattheUniversityofKentucky,performedtwoexperiments.,Twoexperimentswerecarriedoutbyapsychologist.,7.基本句型间灵活转换,Dirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease.,S+V+P,S+V+O,Dirtontheskincouldprotectpeoplefromgettingill.,Youwillobtainalltheinformationifvariousquestionsareasked.,8.特殊句式（强调句，倒装句，therebe）和正常语序句式的转化,Onlyifyouaskmanydifferentquestionswillyouacquirealltheinformation.,Toresearchwhethersucha“sixthsense”reallyexists,RobertBaker,thereisreallyasixthsense,9.把从句变为短语（介词短语，非谓语动词短语）,Iftheintervieweeagrees,youcanusearecordertogetthefactsstraight.,Withtheintervieweesagreement,arecordercouldbeused.,_,Theskinisanecessaryorgan,whichcanserveasabarrieragainstoutsidedangers.,Bakerconcludesthatpeopledonothavetheabilitytosensewhentheyrebeingstaredat.,10.各种从句的灵活转化,Hisconclusionisthatpeoplearenotequippedwiththeabilitytofeelothersobservation.,C.核查,核查连贯性,优先考虑使用最短连接词（but、then、later、finally、besides、thus、therefore、yet、however）,核查字数（60-80words）,核查标点和语法,+,Stepsofwritingsummary,2016年考试说明概要写作样题,thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.,have,exist,changing,opinions，viewpoints,Peoplehavechangingopinionstowarddirtovertime.Changingviewpointstowarddirtexist.Peoplesviewpointstowardsdirtarechanging.,S+V+P,Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease.France/EnglandInEurope,Itwasthoughtthat/Peoplebelievedthat,protectfrom;preventfrom;keepfreefrom,S+V+P,illness,gettingill,Intheearly16thcentury,people,especiallythoseinsomeEuropeancountries,thoughtthatdirtontheskincouldprotectthemfromgettingill.Intheearly16thcentury,peopleincludingsomeEuropeansbelievedthatdirtprotectedpeoplefromgettingill.,S+V+O,someEuropeancountries,sincethe18thcenturycleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.,DoingAisgoodtoB,ItisgoodforBtodoA,Peoplehaverealizedthatitwasgoodforhealthtoremovedirtsincethe18thcentury.,remove,washoff,benefityourhealth,keephealthy,Sincethe18thcentury,peoplehavebeentoldthatwashingdirtoffourbodycankeepushealthy.,NowadaysanAmericanimmunologist,encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.,now/atpresent,somescientists,advise,suggest,holdtheview,powerful,exposeto,Now,morepeopleholdtheviewthatchildrenshouldbeexposedtothedirttohaveapowerfulimmunesystem.,Moreandmorepeoplebelievethatexposuretosomedirtmayhelpourimmunesystem.,Peoplehavechangingopinionstowarddirtovertime.Intheearly16thcentury,itwasthoughtthatdirtontheskincouldprotectpeoplefromgettingill.However,peoplehaverealizedthatitwasgoodforhealthtoremovedirtsincethe18thcentury.Now,anincreasingnumberofpeopleholdtheviewthatchildrenshouldbeexposedtothedirttostrengthenimmunesystem.,Dontforgettomakeyour