外刊阅读 0222 在线教育模式创新.docx

外刊阅读 0222 在线教育模式创新.docx

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外刊阅读0222在线教育模式创新

1、外刊阅读：

完型填空

Machinesorlearning

Theclassicmodelofeducation—aburstatthestartandtop-upsthroughcompanytraining—is（41）______.Onereasonistheneedfornew,andconstantlyupdated,skills.Manufacturing（42）______callsforbrainworkratherthanmetal-bashing.The（43）______oftheAmericanworkforceemployedinroutineofficejobsdeclinedfrom25.5%to21%between1996and2015.Thesingle,stablecareerhasgonethewayoftheRolodex.

Pushingpeopleintoever-higherlevelsof（44）______educationatthestartoftheirlivesisnotthewaytocope.Just16%ofAmericansthinkthatafour-yearcollegedegree（45）______studentsverywellforagoodjob.Althoughavocationaleducationpromisesthatvitalfirsthire,thosewith（46）______trainingtendtowithdrawfromthelabourforceearlierthanthosewithgeneraleducation—perhapsbecausetheyareless（47）______.

Atthesametimeon-the-jobtrainingis（48）______.InAmericaandBritainithasfallenbyroughlyhalfinthepasttwodecades.Self-employmentisspreading,leavingmorepeopletotakeresponsibilityfortheirownskills.Takingtimeoutlaterinlifeto（49）______aformalqualificationisanoption,butitcostsmoneyandmostcollegesaregearedtowardsyoungsters.

Themarketis（50）______toenableworkerstolearnandearninnewways.ProvidersfromGeneralAssemblytoPluralsightarebuildingbusinessesonthe（51）______ofboostingandrebootingcareers.Massiveopenonlinecourses（MOOCs）haveveeredawayfromlecturesonPlatoorblackholesinfavourofcoursesthatmaketheirstudentsmoreemployable.AtUdacityandCourseraself-improverspayforcheap,shortprogrammesthatbestow“microcredentials”and“nanodegrees”in,say,self-drivingcarsortheAndroidoperatingsystem.Byofferingdegreesonline,universitiesare（52）______iteasierforprofessionalstoburnishtheirskills.Asinglemaster’sprogrammefromGeorgiaTechcouldexpandtheannualoutputofcomputer-sciencemaster’sdegreesinAmericabycloseto10%.

Sucheffortsdemonstratehowtointerleavecareersandlearning.Butlefttoitsowndevices,thisnascentmarketwillmainlyservethosewhoalreadyhave（53）______.Itiseasiertolearnlaterinlifeifyouenjoyedtheclassroomfirsttimearound:

about80%ofthelearnersonCourseraalreadyhavedegrees.OnlinelearningrequiressomeITliteracy,yetoneinfouradultsintheOECDhasnoorlimited（54）______ofcomputers.Skillsatrophyunlesstheyareused,butmanylow-endjobsgiveworkerslittle（55）______topractisethem.（405）

（Economists20170214P9）

41.

A.referringto

B.applyingfor

C.comingacross

D.breakingdown

42.

A.increasingly

B.obviously

C.strangely

D.subsequently

43.

A.shift

B.share

C.show

D.shelf

44.

A.objective

B.entire

C.formal

D.final

45.

A.decorate

B.prepares

C.develop

D.provide

46.

A.detailed

B.complicated

C.specialized

D.transformed

47.

A.adaptable

B.accessible

C.available

D.acceptable

48.

A.ending

B.escaping

C.decreasing

D.shrinking

49.

A.persuade

B.refuse

C.pursue

D.search

50.

A.developing

B.analyzing

C.innovating

D.producing

51.

A.promise

B.story

C.advice

D.context

52.

A.costing

B.making

C.counting

D.warning

53.

A.ranges

B.distinctions

C.connections

D.advantages

54.

A.rand

B.experience

C.exposure

D.possession

55.

A.trend

B.sign

C.possibility

D.chance

二、参考答案DABCBCADCCABDBD

三、原文链接

2017年2月14日《经济学人》P9

4、核心词汇

adaptableinnovatingshrinkingpursueboostexposure

拓展变形为

adapt

adaptabilities

adaptability

adaptable

adaptation

adaptations

adapted

adapter

adapters

adapting

adaption

adaptive

adaptor

adaptors

adapts

maladaptive

unadapted

boost

boosted

booster

boosters

boosting

boosts

expose

exposed

exposes

exposing

exposure

exposures

unexposed

innovate

innovated

innovates

innovating

innovation

innovations

innovator

innovators

innovatory

pursue

pursued

pursuer

pursuers

pursues

pursuing

shrink

shrank

shrinkable

shrinkage

shrinkages

shrinking

shrinks

shrunk

shrunken

五、原文翻译

Machinesorlearning

机器或学习

Theclassicmodelofeducation—aburstatthestartandtop-upsthroughcompanytraining—isbreakingdown.Onereasonistheneedfornew,andconstantlyupdated,skills.Manufacturingincreasinglycallsforbrainworkratherthanmetal-bashing.TheshareoftheAmericanworkforceemployedinroutineofficejobsdeclinedfrom25.5%to21%between1996and2015.Thesingle,stablecareerhasgonethewayoftheRolodex.

经典的教育模式——在初创企业和通过公司培训获得成功的公司之间的爆发式发展正在瓦解。

一个原因是需要不断更新的新技能。

制造业越来越需要脑力劳动而不是金属敲击。

1996年至2015年间，美国在日常办公室工作中的就业比例从25.5%降至21%。

单身、稳定的职业生涯已经走上了罗乐德斯的老路。

Pushingpeopleintoever-higherlevelsofformaleducationatthestartoftheirlivesisnotthewaytocope.Just16%ofAmericansthinkthatafour-yearcollegedegreepreparesstudentsverywellforagoodjob.Althoughavocationaleducationpromisesthatvitalfirsthire,thosewithspecializedtrainingtendtowithdrawfromthelabourforceearlierthanthosewithgeneraleducation—perhapsbecausetheyarelessadaptable.

在人们刚开始接受正规教育的时候，把他们推向更高的水平并不是解决问题的办法。

只有16%的美国人认为四年制的大学学位能让学生很好地准备好一份好工作。

尽管职业教育承诺了至关重要的第一次雇佣，但受过专门培训的人往往比受过普通教育的人更早地退出劳动力市场，也许是因为他们的适应能力较差。

Atthesametimeon-the-jobtrainingisshrinking.InAmericaandBritainithasfallenbyroughlyhalfinthepasttwodecades.Self-employmentisspreading,leavingmorepeopletotakeresponsibilityfortheirownskills.Takingtimeoutlaterinlifetopursueaformalqualificationisanoption,butitcostsmoneyandmostcollegesaregearedtowardsyoungsters.

与此同时，在职培训正在减少。

在过去20年里，美国和英国的失业率下降了大约一半。

自营职业正在蔓延，让更多的人为自己的技能负责。

在以后的生活中抽出时间去追求一个正式的资格是一种选择，但这需要花费金钱，而且大多数大学都是面向年轻人的。

Themarketisinnovatingtoenableworkerstolearnandearninnewways.ProvidersfromGeneralAssemblytoPluralsightarebuildingbusinessesonthepromiseofboostingandrebootingcareers.Massiveopenonlinecourses（MOOCs）haveveeredawayfromlecturesonPlatoorblackholesinfavourofcoursesthatmaketheirstudentsmoreemployable.AtUdacityandCourseraself-improverspayforcheap,shortprogrammesthatbestow“microcredentials”and“nanodegrees”in,say,self-drivingcarsortheAndroidoperatingsystem.Byofferingdegreesonline,universitiesaremakingiteasierforprofessionalstoburnishtheirskills.Asinglemaster’sprogrammefromGeorgiaTechcouldexpandtheannualoutputofcomputer-sciencemaster’sdegreesinAmericabycloseto10%.

市场正在创新，使工人能够以新的方式学习和挣钱。

从联合国大会到Pluralsight的供应商都在承诺促进和重新启动职业生涯的基础上建立业务。

大规模的在线开放课程已经从柏拉图或黑洞的课程转向了使学生更具就业能力的课程。

在Udacity和Coursera，自我提升者们花钱购买便宜、简短的程序，比如说，在自动驾驶汽车或安卓操作系统中提供“微芯片”和“纳米级”。

通过在线提供学位，大学使专业人士更容易磨练他们的技能。

佐治亚理工大学的一个硕士项目可以使美国计算机科学硕士学位的年产量增加近10%。

Sucheffortsdemonstratehowtointerleavecareersandlearning.Butlefttoitsowndevices,thisnascentmarketwillmainlyservethosewhoalreadyhaveadvantages.Itiseasiertolearnlaterinlifeifyouenjoyedtheclassroomfirsttimearound:

about80%ofthelearnersonCourseraalreadyhavedegrees.OnlinelearningrequiressomeITliteracy,yetoneinfouradultsintheOECDhasnoorlimitedexperienceofcomputers.Skillsatrophyunlesstheyareused,butmanylow-endjobsgiveworkerslittlechancetopractisethem.

这些努力展示了如何将职业和学习交叉起来。

但如果任由它自己决定，这个新兴市场将主要服务于那些已经拥有优势的人。

如果你第一次喜欢课堂，以后的学习会更容易：

大约80%的课程学习者已经有了学位。

在线学习需要一定的信息技术素养，然而经合组织四分之一的成年人没有或有限的计算机经验。

除非使用技能，否则技能会萎缩，但许多低端工作给工人很少机会练习。

六、拓展阅读

Top5PossibleLimitationsOfOnlineLearning

IfeLearning,however,isnotbasedonsolidinstructionaldesigntheoriesandmodelsitmayleadtothefollowinglimitations:

1.Itmaybea"solo"act.

Itistruethat,althoughonlinelearningmightbeconvenientandflexible,itisalsoasoloact.Itwillnotbeeasyforallofyourlearnerstofeelcomfortablewhenparticipatinginonlinediscussionsandengagingmoreactivelywiththeironlineinstructorsortheirvirtualclassmates.Furthermore,somepeopleabsolutelyneedpersonalcontactwiththeireducatorsortrainersinordertolearnsuccessfully.Constructivefeedbackcanbeveryeffective,butifnotgivenproperlyorintime,itmightalsobelimited.Inaddition,sometypesoflearningproblemsmaybedifficulttobeaddressedonline,andsomequestionscanbelostinaseaofrequestsandinquiries.Thissometimesmakeslearnersfeeltheylacksupportandreassurance.

2.Itmaybeimpersonal.

Nomatterhowhardwetrytofullytransferhumancommunicationtoonlineplatforms,nomatterhownaturalitseemstoformrelationshipsbehindcomputerscreens,avirtualenvironmentisjustnothuman.Nothingcanreplacehumancontact.

Toomuchtimespentinfrontofacomputerscreenmaybeharmful.

Beingconstantlyonlineisthenewreality,butthetruthisthatusingacomputeroratabletallthetimecancausepoorvision,straininjuries,andotherphysicalproblems.Considersendingguidelinesaboutrightsittingposture,deskheight,etc.alongwithyoureLearningcourse;itmightbeveryusefultoyouraudience.

3.Itrequiresself-discipline.

IfyoureLearningaudiencelacksself-discipline,itisunlikelythattheywillbemotivatedtoselfstudy.Traditionallearningandtraininghavethebenefitofeasilytrackingbothprogressandfallingbehind;thisworksformanylearnersaswell,assomepeopleprefertheirprogresstobecloselymonitoredinordertoperform.

4.Possiblelackofcontrol.

NomatterhowcarefullyyoudesignyoureLearningcourse,thereisnoguaranteethatyourmessageswillgetacross.YouofferyourlearnerscontrolovertheireLearningexperienceandthisisgreat,butaretheygoingtouseiteffectively?

Thereisalwaystheriskofyourlearnersjustgoingthroughthematerialwithoutpayinga