外刊阅读 0222 在线教育模式创新.docx

1、外刊阅读 0222 在线教育模式创新1、外刊阅读：完型填空Machines or learningThe classic model of educationa burst at the start and top-ups through company trainingis (41) _. One reason is the need for new, and constantly updated, skills. Manufacturing (42) _ calls for brain work rather than metal-bashing. The (43) _ of the Am

2、erican workforce employed in routine office jobs declined from 25.5% to 21% between 1996 and 2015. The single, stable career has gone the way of the Rolodex. Pushing people into ever-higher levels of (44) _ education at the start of their lives is not the way to cope. Just 16% of Americans think tha

3、t a four-year college degree (45) _ students very well for a good job. Although a vocational education promises that vital first hire, those with (46) _ training tend to withdraw from the labour force earlier than those with general educationperhaps because they are less (47) _. At the same time on-

4、the-job training is (48) _. In America and Britain it has fallen by roughly half in the past two decades. Self-employment is spreading, leaving more people to take responsibility for their own skills. Taking time out later in life to (49) _ a formal qualification is an option, but it costs money and

5、 most colleges are geared towards youngsters. The market is (50) _ to enable workers to learn and earn in new ways. Providers from General Assembly to Pluralsight are building businesses on the (51) _ of boosting and rebooting careers. Massive open online courses (MOOCs) have veered away from lectur

6、es on Plato or black holes in favour of courses that make their students more employable. At Udacity and Coursera self-improvers pay for cheap, short programmes that bestow “microcredentials” and “nanodegrees” in, say, self-driving cars or the Android operating system. By offering degrees online, un

7、iversities are (52) _ it easier for professionals to burnish their skills. A single masters programme from Georgia Tech could expand the annual output of computer-science masters degrees in America by close to 10%. Such efforts demonstrate how to interleave careers and learning. But left to its own

8、devices, this nascent market will mainly serve those who already have (53) _. It is easier to learn later in life if you enjoyed the classroom first time around: about 80% of the learners on Coursera already have degrees. Online learning requires some IT literacy, yet one in four adults in the OECD

9、has no or limited (54) _ of computers. Skills atrophy unless they are used, but many low-end jobs give workers little (55) _ to practise them.(405)(Economists 20170214 P9)41.A.referring toB.applying forC.coming across D.breaking down42.A.increasinglyB.obviouslyC.strangelyD.subsequently43.A.shift B.s

10、hareC.show D.shelf44.A.objectiveB.entireC.formalD.final45.A.decorate B.preparesC.develop D.provide 46.A.detailed B.complicatedC.specializedD.transformed 47.A.adaptableB.accessible C.availableD.acceptable48.A.endingB.escaping C.decreasingD. shrinking49.A.persuadeB. refuseC.pursueD.search50.A.developi

11、ngB.analyzingC.innovatingD.producing51.A.promiseB.story C.adviceD.context52.A.costingB.makingC.countingD.warning53.A. rangesB.distinctions C.connectionsD.advantages54.A.rand B.experienceC.exposure D.possession55.A.trendB.signC.possibilityD.chance 二、参考答案DABCB CADCC ABDBD三、原文链接2017年2月14日经济学人 P94、核心词汇a

12、daptable innovating shrinking pursue boost exposure拓展变形为adapt adaptabilities adaptability adaptable adaptation adaptations adapted adapter adapters adapting adaption adaptive adaptor adaptors adapts maladaptive unadapted boost boosted booster boosters boosting boosts expose exposed exposes exposing

13、exposure exposures unexposed innovate innovated innovates innovating innovation innovations innovator innovators innovatory pursue pursued pursuer pursuers pursues pursuing shrink shrank shrinkable shrinkage shrinkages shrinking shrinks shrunk shrunken五、原文翻译Machines or learning机器或学习The classic model

14、 of educationa burst at the start and top-ups through company trainingis breaking down. One reason is the need for new, and constantly updated, skills. Manufacturing increasingly calls for brain work rather than metal-bashing. The share of the American workforce employed in routine office jobs decli

15、ned from 25.5% to 21% between 1996 and 2015. The single, stable career has gone the way of the Rolodex. 经典的教育模式在初创企业和通过公司培训获得成功的公司之间的爆发式发展正在瓦解。一个原因是需要不断更新的新技能。制造业越来越需要脑力劳动而不是金属敲击。1996年至2015年间，美国在日常办公室工作中的就业比例从25.5%降至21%。单身、稳定的职业生涯已经走上了罗乐德斯的老路。Pushing people into ever-higher levels of formal educatio

16、n at the start of their lives is not the way to cope. Just 16% of Americans think that a four-year college degree prepares students very well for a good job. Although a vocational education promises that vital first hire, those with specialized training tend to withdraw from the labour force earlier

17、 than those with general educationperhaps because they are less adaptable. 在人们刚开始接受正规教育的时候，把他们推向更高的水平并不是解决问题的办法。只有16%的美国人认为四年制的大学学位能让学生很好地准备好一份好工作。尽管职业教育承诺了至关重要的第一次雇佣，但受过专门培训的人往往比受过普通教育的人更早地退出劳动力市场，也许是因为他们的适应能力较差。At the same time on-the-job training is shrinking. In America and Britain it has fallen

18、 by roughly half in the past two decades. Self-employment is spreading, leaving more people to take responsibility for their own skills. Taking time out later in life to pursue a formal qualification is an option, but it costs money and most colleges are geared towards youngsters. 与此同时，在职培训正在减少。在过去2

19、0年里，美国和英国的失业率下降了大约一半。自营职业正在蔓延，让更多的人为自己的技能负责。在以后的生活中抽出时间去追求一个正式的资格是一种选择，但这需要花费金钱，而且大多数大学都是面向年轻人的。The market is innovating to enable workers to learn and earn in new ways. Providers from General Assembly to Pluralsight are building businesses on the promise of boosting and rebooting careers. Massive o

20、pen online courses (MOOCs) have veered away from lectures on Plato or black holes in favour of courses that make their students more employable. At Udacity and Coursera self-improvers pay for cheap, short programmes that bestow “microcredentials” and “nanodegrees” in, say, self-driving cars or the A

21、ndroid operating system. By offering degrees online, universities are making it easier for professionals to burnish their skills. A single masters programme from Georgia Tech could expand the annual output of computer-science masters degrees in America by close to 10%. 市场正在创新，使工人能够以新的方式学习和挣钱。从联合国大会到

22、Pluralsight的供应商都在承诺促进和重新启动职业生涯的基础上建立业务。大规模的在线开放课程已经从柏拉图或黑洞的课程转向了使学生更具就业能力的课程。在Udacity和Coursera，自我提升者们花钱购买便宜、简短的程序，比如说，在自动驾驶汽车或安卓操作系统中提供“微芯片”和“纳米级”。通过在线提供学位，大学使专业人士更容易磨练他们的技能。佐治亚理工大学的一个硕士项目可以使美国计算机科学硕士学位的年产量增加近10%。Such efforts demonstrate how to interleave careers and learning. But left to its own de

23、vices, this nascent market will mainly serve those who already have advantages. It is easier to learn later in life if you enjoyed the classroom first time around: about 80% of the learners on Coursera already have degrees. Online learning requires some IT literacy, yet one in four adults in the OEC

24、D has no or limited experience of computers. Skills atrophy unless they are used, but many low-end jobs give workers little chance to practise them.这些努力展示了如何将职业和学习交叉起来。但如果任由它自己决定，这个新兴市场将主要服务于那些已经拥有优势的人。如果你第一次喜欢课堂，以后的学习会更容易：大约80%的课程学习者已经有了学位。在线学习需要一定的信息技术素养，然而经合组织四分之一的成年人没有或有限的计算机经验。除非使用技能，否则技能会萎缩，但许

25、多低端工作给工人很少机会练习。六、拓展阅读Top 5 Possible Limitations Of Online LearningIf eLearning, however, is not based on solid instructional design theories and models it may lead to the following limitations:1.It may be a solo act.It is true that, although online learning might be convenient and flexible, it is al

26、so a solo act. It will not be easy for all of your learners to feel comfortable when participating in online discussions and engaging more actively with their online instructors or their virtual classmates. Furthermore, some people absolutely need personal contact with their educators or trainers in

27、 order to learn successfully. Constructive feedback can be very effective, but if not given properly or in time, it might also be limited. In addition, some types of learning problems may be difficult to be addressed online, and some questions can be lost in a sea of requests and inquiries. This som

28、etimes makes learners feel they lack support and reassurance.2.It may be impersonal.No matter how hard we try to fully transfer human communication to online platforms, no matter how natural it seems to form relationships behind computer screens, a virtual environment is just not human. Nothing can

29、replace human contact.Too much time spent in front of a computer screen may be harmful.Being constantly online is the new reality, but the truth is that using a computer or a tablet all the time can cause poor vision, strain injuries, and other physical problems. Consider sending guidelines about ri

30、ght sitting posture, desk height, etc. along with your eLearning course; it might be very useful to your audience.3.It requires self-discipline.If your eLearning audience lacks self-discipline, it is unlikely that they will be motivated to self study. Traditional learning and training have the benef

31、it of easily tracking both progress and falling behind; this works for many learners as well, as some people prefer their progress to be closely monitored in order to perform.4.Possible lack of control.No matter how carefully you design your eLearning course, there is no guarantee that your messages will get across. You offer your learners control over their eLearning experience and this is great, but are they going to use it effectively? There is always the risk of your learners just going through the material without paying a