如何做高中英语阅读理解中的推理判断题教案.docx
《如何做高中英语阅读理解中的推理判断题教案.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《如何做高中英语阅读理解中的推理判断题教案.docx(16页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
如何做高中英语阅读理解中的推理判断题教案
ReadingComprehension
—howtomakeinferences
Teachingaim:
Toimprovethestudents’abilityofmakeinferences
Teachingprocedures:
StepOne:
Lead-in
1.Howmuchtimedoyouusuallyspendonthisexamitem?
2.解读2011年高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求
要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普文章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。
考生应能:
1、理解语篇主旨要义;
2、理解文中具体信息;
3、根据上下文推断生词的词义;
4、作出简单判断和理解;
5、理解文章的基本结构;
6、理解作者的意图和态度;
7、根据所读,用恰当的词语补全文章提纲、概括关键内容或作关键词词语转换。
3.Howmanyquestiontypesarethereinthisexamitem?
事实细节型;词义猜测型;推理判断型;主旨大意型
StepTwo:
Findingoutways
Givestudentsasampleandthenhelpthemgettherelativewaystosolveeachquestiontype.Thenletthemdosomepractice.
1.Howtoinfertheimpliedmeanings(推断隐含意义)
【Sample】
Itisfuntoturnoverabigrockonthebeach.Makesureyouturntherockbacktothepositionitwasinafteryoumovedit.Ifyoudon’tturnitbackover,alltheseaanimalsunderitorclingingto(依附)theundersidewilldie.
Youcantellthatrocks________.(B)
A.hurtseaanimalsB.protectseaanimals
C.won’tbefoundonbeachesD.can’tbefoundonbeaches
【解题技巧】
1.全面分析2.忠实原文3.不选表层信息
【Practice】
1).(2010江苏B)Therealproblemisthattheareaswherewolvescanlivearebeingusedbypeople.Evenifwildernesslandisnotuseddirectlyforhumanneeds,thewolvescan’talwaysfindenoughfood.Sotheytraveltothenearestsource,whichisoftenafarm.Thenthereisdanger.The“bigbadwolf”hasarrived!
Andeveryoneknowswhathappensnext.
Thelastsentence“Andeveryoneknowswhathappensnext”impliesthatinsuchcases.(B)
A.farmanimalswillbeindangerandhavetobeshippedaway
B.wolveswillkillpeopleandpeoplewillinturnkillthem
C.wolveswillfindenoughfoodsourcesonfarms
D.peoplewillleavetheareaswherewolvescanlive
2).(2010全国卷IIA)Oneday,asIwasgettingherfood,Browniechewedup(咬破)oneofDad’sshoes,whichhadtobethrownawayintheend.IknewDadwouldbemadandIhadtoletherknowwhatshedidwaswrong.WhenIlookedatherandsaid,“Badgirl.”Shelookeddownatthegroundandthenwentandhid.Isawatearinhereyes.
WecaninferfromParagraph2thatBrownie__.(B)
A.wouldeatanythingwhenhungryB.feltsorryforhermistake
C.lovedplayinghide-and-seekD.dislikedtheauthor'sdad
2.Howtoinfertheauthor’sopinionandattitudes(推断作者观点或态度)
作者观点态度题的解题方法:
作者的态度和立场一般分为三大类:
支持、赞同、乐观;客观、中立;反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。
同学们除了可以通过在文中寻找带有感情色彩的词来判断作者的态度外,有时还需要综合运用一些阅读方法,如:
根据文章中与问题相关的细节做出判断,根据作者提供的例证推断其暗示的态度、观点,有时还需要同学们通读全文并把握文章的主旨,最后做出正确选择。
【Sample】
Whyisn’tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews?
AllIreadaboutismurder,bribery(行贿),anddeath.Frankly,Iamsickofallthebadnews.
Thisauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto_____.(A)
A.complainB.apologizeC.amuseD.inform
【解题技巧】
1.注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子
2.推断出作者的弦外之音
3.站在作者的立场或角度
【描述作者态度的词】
objective;neutral;subjective;positive;negative;critical;pessimistic;optimistic;approving;disapproving;indifferent;ironic
下面我们以高考题为例,具体分析作者观点态度题的解题方法。
【Practice】
例1:
Onthefirstdayofmyvisit,wewentoutwithoneofmyfather'sfriendsforlunchatanoutdoorcafé.Wewalkedalongthatafternoon,didsomeshopping,ateatthestreettable,andlaudedovermyson'sfunnyfacialexpressions.Gonewasmyfather'scritical(挑剔的)airandstrictrules.WhowasthispersonIknewasmyfather,whoseemedsofriendlyandinterestingtobearound?
Whathadheldhimbackbefore?
(2008年全国卷IA篇)
58.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofherfatherafterhervisittoTucson?
A.Morecritical.
B.Moretalkative.
C.Gentleandfriendly.
D.Strictandhard-working.
【解析】本题问作者对父亲的看法。
A.更挑剔了;B.更健谈了;C.温和而友好;D.严厉而且勤奋。
此题需要从文章的细节描写着手找到答案。
根据“Gonewasmyfather’scritical(挑剔的)airandstrictrules”和“…whoseemedsofriendlyandinterestingtobearound”这两句可推知作者感觉父亲不像从前那么严厉、难以相处了,父亲现在看起来友好而且有趣。
答案选C。
例2:
Peoplebelievethatclimbingcandogoodtohealth.Wherecanyoulearntheskillofclimbingthen?
Ifyouthinkthatyouhavetogotothemountainstolearnhowtoclimb,you'rewrong.ManyAmericansarelearningtoclimbincitygyms(体育馆)….
Howdopeopleclimbthewall?
Toclimb,youneedspecialshoesandaharness(保护带)aroundyourchesttoholdyou.…Abeginner’swallisusuallyabout15feethigh,andyouclimbstraightup.…Themostdifficultpartistocontrolyourfear….
Climbingattractspeoplebecauseit’sgoodexerciseforalmosteveryone.Youuseyourwholebody,especiallyyourarmsandlegs.Thissportgivesyourbodyacompleteworkout.Whenyouclimb,bothyourmindandyourbodycanbecomestronger.(2008年安徽卷C篇)
67.Whydoestheauthorwritethispassage?
A.Totellpeoplewheretofindgyms.
B.Toprovethebasicneedforclimbing.
C.Toencouragepeopletoclimbmountains.
D.Tointroducethesportofwallclimbing.
【解析】题目问作者的写作目的,这在文章中并没有指明,需要同学们通读全文来把握文章大意。
从全文来看,本文主要讲述的是攀登运动越来越受到人们的青睐,但也需要训练,详尽地介绍了对身体有益的室内攀登运动。
四个选项对作者写作意图表述如下:
A.告诉人们哪里有体育馆;B.证明人们对攀登有着最基本的需求;c.鼓励人们去登山;D.介绍室内攀登这项运动。
选项A不是文章的主题;选项B在文章结尾段虽有涉及,但也算不上是主要内容;作者虽然提及了攀登的好处,但并未明确鼓励人们参与此项运动,因此C不正确。
答案为D。
例3:
Thenumberofmarriedwomenwhowanttocontinueworkingincreasesrapidlybecausetheyenjoytheirjobs.However,iftheywanttohavechildren,theyimmediatelyhaveseriousproblems.Thoughmostcompaniesallowwomentoleavetheirjobsforashorttimetohaveababy,theyexpectwomenwithbabiestogiveuptheirjobs.Inshort,iftheywanttobringupchildrenproperly,bothparentshavetowork,butitishardformotherstowork.Indeed,womenwhowanttocontinueworkinghavetochoosebetweenhavingchildrenorkeepingtheirjobs.
Inaword,Asiangovernmentsmusttakestepstoimprovethepresentsituationassoonaspossible.(2008年安徽卷E篇)
75.ThewriterseemstobelievethatAsiangovernmentsshould.
A.letwomenstayathomeandhaveababy
B.allowoneoftheparentstogoouttowork
C.careforthegrowingneedsofwomenforjobs
D.punishthecompaniesthatpermitwomentoleave
【解析】题目问作者在亚洲政府对女性就业这一问题上给出了什么建议。
A.让女性回归家庭生儿育女;B.允许父母中的一个外出工作;C.对女性在工作方面的需求多加关注;D.惩罚那些允许女性离职的公司。
根据第一段最后一句话“Indeed,womenwho…orkeepingtheirjobs”及最后一段可知女性所面临的实际困难,所以亚洲各国政府应该采取一些措施改变这一现状来避免出现更多的DINK家庭,而最有效的措施是C项。
例4:
Well,IhadnothingagainstfeelinggreatandifAlexcouldjogeveryday,anyonecould.SoItookupjoggingseriouslyandgaveitagoodtwomonthsofmylife,andnotadaymore.Basedonmyexperience,joggingisthemostovervaluedformofexercisearound.Andjudgingfromthenumberofthepeoplewholeftourneighborhoodjoggingarmy,I'mnotaloneinmyopinion.(2008年浙江卷D篇)
54.Whatwasthewriter’sattitudetowardsjogginginthebeginning?
A.Hefeltitwasworthatry.
B.Hewasveryfondofit.
C.Hewasstronglyagainstit.
D.Hethoughtitmustbepainful.
【解析】本段讲述了作者通过亲自参加jogging(慢跑)锻炼,体会到jogging并不像人们想象中的那么好,他认为自己的锻炼方式也可以达到健身的目的。
题目问作者起初对慢跑的看法如何。
A.他认为值得一试;B.他非常喜欢这项运动;C.他极力反对这项运动D.他认为这项运动非常痛苦。
从“IhadnothingagainstfeelinggreatandifAlexcouldjogeveryday,anyonecould.”和“SoItookupjoggingseriouslyandgaveitagoodtwomonthsofmylife,andnotadaymore.”两句,我们可以看出作者起初对慢跑并无排斥心理,而且认为值得一试,A项较符合作者的态度。
例5:
Itwasinatree,too,thatourdaysoffoolingaroundinthewoodscametoanend.Bythensomeofushadreachedseventhgradeandhadbeguntheroughrideofadolescence(青春期).InMarch,themonthwhenweusuallytooktothewoodsagainafterwinter,twofriendsandIsetouttogoexploring.Weclimbedatree,andallofasuddenitoccurredtoallthreeofusatthesametimethatwereallywereratherbigtobeupinatree.SoontherewouldbethespringdancesonFridayeveningsinthehighschoolcafeteria.(2008年天津卷E篇)
55.Howdoestheauthorfeelabouthischildhood?
A.Happybutshort.
B.Lonelybutmemorable.
C.Boringandmeaningless.
D.Longandunforgettable.
【解析】题目问作者如何评价自己的童年。
A.快乐却短暂;B.孤单却值得回忆;
C.乏味、无趣;D.漫长而又难忘。
根据“Itwasinatree,too,thatourdaysoffoolingaroundinthewoodscametoanend.”和下句“InMarch…,”以及下句“…andallofasuddenitoccurredtoa11threeofus…highschoolcafeteria”可以看出作者是在慨叹童年时光快乐却短暂。
答案选A。
例6:
(2010天津C)Inthekitchenofmymother’shousestherehasalwaysbeenawoodenstand(木架)withasmallnotepad(记事本)andaholeforapencil.
I’mlookingforpaperonwhichtonotedownthenameofabookIamrecommendingtomymother.Overfortyyearssincemyearliestmemoriesofthekitchenpadandpencil,fivehouseslater,thecurrentpaperandpencillookthesameastheyalwaysdid.Surelyitcan’tbethesamepencil?
Thepadismoremodern,butthewoodenstandisdefinitelytheoriginalone.
“I’mjustamazedyoustillhavethesamestandforholdingthepadandpencilafteralltheseyears.”Isaytoher,walkingbackintotheliving-roomwithasheetofpaperandthepencil.“Youstilluseapencil.Can’tyouaffordapen?
”
Mymotherrepliesalittlesharply.“Itworksperfectlywell.I’vealwayskeptthestandinthekitchen.IneverknewwhenImightwanttonotedownanidea,andIwasalwaysinthekitcheninthesedays.”
Whatistheauthor’soriginalopinionaboutthewoodenstand?
(B)
A.Ithasgreatvalueforthefamily.
B.Itneedstobereplacedbyabetterone.
C.Itbringsherbacktoherlonelychildhood.
D.Itshouldbepassedontothenextgeneration.
Intheauthor’smind,hermotheris__.(B)
A.strangeinbehavior.B.keenonherresearch.
C.fondofcollectingoldthings.D.carelessaboutherappearance.
3.Howtoinferthewritingpurpose(推断写作目的)
【Sample】
“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?
Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?
”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.“Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,”hesaid.
Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepas