语法复习二主谓一致.docx
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语法复习二主谓一致
语法复习二、主谓一致
在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。
寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。
（一）语法一致原则：
语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。
如：
hisfatherisworkingonthefarm./tostudyenglishwellisnoteasy./whathesaidisveryimportantforusall./thechildrenwereintheclassroomtwohoursago./readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.
注意：
由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
如：
whatiboughtwerethreeenglishbooks./whatisayanddois（are）helpfultoyou.
2、由连接词and或both…and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。
如：
lucyandlilyaretwins./sheandiareclassmates./theboyandthegirlweresurprisedwhentheyheardthenews./bothsheandheareyoungpioneers.
注意：
①若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。
如：
thewriterandartisthascome.;/②由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,everymorethana（an）,manya（an）修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
如：
everystudentandeveryteacherwasintheroom../noboyandnogirllikesit.
3、主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。
如：
mrgreen,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,hascometochina./nobodybutjimandmikewasontheplayground./she,likeyouandtom,isverytall.
4、either,neither,each,every或no+单数名词和由some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。
如：
eachofushasanewbook./everythingaroundusismatter.
注意：
①在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。
如：
neitherofthetextsis（are）interesting.②若noneof后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。
如：
noneofushas（have）beentoamerica.
5、在定语从句时，关系代词that,who,which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
如：
heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard./heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.
6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。
这些词有family,class,crowd,committee,population,audience等。
如：
classfourisonthethirdfloor./classfourareunabletoagreeuponamonitor.共8页，当前第1页12345678
注意：
people,police,cattle等名词一般都用作复数。
如：
thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.
7、由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,therestof,themajorityof+名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。
如：
therearealotofpeopleintheclassroom./therestofthelectureiswonderful./50%ofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.
注意：
anumberof“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；thenumberof“…的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。
8、在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
如：
therecomesthebus./onthewallaremanypictures./suchistheresult./sucharethefacts.
（二）逻辑意义一致原则：
逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。
1、what,who,which,any,more,all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。
如：
whichisyourbag?
/whichareyourbags?
/allisgoingwell./allhavegonetobeijing.
2、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，如：
thirtyminutesisenoughforthework.
3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。
如：
“thearabiannights”isaninterestingstory-book.
4、表数量的短语“oneandahalf”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式（也可用复数。
如：
oneandahalfapplesis（are）leftonthetable.
5、算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。
如：
twelvepluseightistwenty./fifty-sixdividedbyeightisseven.
6、一些学科名词是以–ics结尾，如：
mathematics,politics,physics以及news,works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
如：
thepaperworkswasbuiltin1990./ithinkphysicsisn’teasytostudy.
7、trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a（the）pairof等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
如：
myglassesarebroken./thepairofshoesunderthebedishis.
8、“定冠词the+形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。
（三）就近一致原则：
在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。
1、当两个主语由either…or,neither…nor,whether…or…,notonly…butalso连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。
如：
eithertheteacherorthestudentsareourfriends./neithertheynorheiswhollyright./isneitherhenortheywhollyright?
2、therebe句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。
如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。
如：
therearetwochairsandadeskintheroom..共8页，当前第2页12345678
注意：
here引导的句子用法同上。
练习：
主谓一致
1.i,who____yourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouwithyourenglish.
a.amb.isc.ared.be
2.therich____notalwayshappy.
a.areb.isc.hasd.have
3.neithertomnorjackandi____hisstudents.
a.areb.amc.isd.was
4.maryaswellashersisters____chineseinchina.
a.arestudyingb.havestudiedc.studiesd.study
5.neithermyfathernori____athome.
a.amb.isc.ared.be
6.notonlymybrotherbutalsoi____goodatpainting.bothofus____goodpainters.,
a.are;areb.am;amc.ani;ared.is;is
7.every'boyandeverygirl____toattendtheeveningparty.
a.wishb.wishesc.isliked.like
8.over80percentofthepopulationofchina____peasants.
a.wasb.isc.wouldbed.are
9.thepopulationofchina____largerthanthatof.anyothercountryintheworld.
a.isb.arec.hasd.have共8页，当前第3页12345678
10.everymeans____triedbutwithoutanyresult.
a.havebeenb.istobec.aretobed.hasbeen
11.alice,togetherwithtwoboys,____forhavingbrokentherule.
a.waspunishedb.punishedc.werepunishedd.beingpunished
12.theleaguesecretaryandthemonitor____askedtoattendthe.meetingthisafternoon.
a.isb.wasc.ared.isbeing
13.thegreatwriterandprofessor____.
a.isanoldmanb.arebotholdmen
c.isanoldmanandayoungmand.weretwochinese
14.there____apen,twopencilsandthreebooksonthedesk.
a.areb.isc.hasd.have
15.alargenumberofstudentsinourclass____girls.
a.areb.wasc.isd.be
16.thenumberofdeer,mountainlionsandwildroses____muchifpeopleleavethingsastheyare.
a.doesn'tchangeb.don'tchangec.changed.changed
17.thearabiannights____wellknowntotheenglish.
a.isb.arec.wasd.were
18.chairmanmao'sworks____published.
a.hasbeenb.havebeenc.wasd.is共8页，当前第4页12345678
19.achemicalworks____builtthere.
a.istobeingb.havebeenc.weretod.hasbeen
20.theolympicgames____heldevery____years.
a.is;fourb.are;fourc.is;fived.are;five
21.theunitedstatesofamericaoneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.
a.isb.arec.wasd.were
22.heistheonlyoneofdiestudentswho____elected.
a.areb.havec.hasd.is
23.theisisoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthat____asked.
a.haveb.hasc.havebeend.hasbeen
24.manyaman____cometohelpus.
a.haveb.hasc.isd.are
25."all____presentandall____goingonwell,"ourmonitorsaid.
a.is;isb.are;arec.are;isd.is;are
26.thepolice____themurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre.
a.issearchingforb.weresearchingfor
c.aresearchingford.weresearching
27.yourtrousers____dirty.youmusthave____washed.
a.is;ilb.are;itc.are;themd.is;them共8页，当前第5页12345678
28.thispairoftrouseis____toolongforhim.
a.isb.bec.ared.were
29.oneandahalfbananas____leftonthetable.
a.isb.arec.hasd.have
30.eighttimeseight____sixty-four.
a.isb.arec.getd.equal
31.tenminutes____anhourwhenoneiswaitingforaphonecall.
a.seemsb.seemc.seemedd.seemes
32.____ofthemoney____nmout.
a.three-fifth;hasb.three-fifth;hasbeen
c.three-fifths;hasd.three-fifths;have
33.thewholeclass____theteacherattentively.
a.arelisteningtob.islisteningto
c.arelisteningd.islistening
34.1havefinishedalargepartofthebook,therestofwhich___moredifficult.
a.isb.arec.wasd.were
35.betweenthetworowsoftrees____theteachingbuilding.
a.standb.standsc.standingd.are
36.largequantitiesofwater____forirrigation.
a.isneededb.has-neededc.areneededd.need共8页，当前第6页12345678
37.thattheywerewronginthesematters____nowcleartousall.
a.isb.wasc.ared.all
38.whatweneed____goodtextbooks.
a.isb.arec.haved.has
39.whatyousaidjustnow____thematterwearediscussing.
a.havesomethingtoatb.hassomethingtodowith
c.hadsomethingtodowithd.hasbeensomethingtodowith
40.morethanonemember____againsttheplan.
a.isb.arec.hasd.have
41.whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory____yet.
a.hasnotdecidedb.isnotdecided
c.arenotdecidedd.havenotdecided
42.halfofthefruit____bad.
a.areb.hasc.isd.have
43.____eitherofyourparentscometoseeyourecently?
a.haveb.hadc.hasd.is
44.mathematics____thelanguageofscience.
a.areb.aregoingtobec.isd.istobe
45.myfamily____small.
a.isb.werec.ared.makes
46.thefollowing____someotherexamples.
a.areb.isc.wasd.were
47.theybothhavesomefriends;buthis____moreactive.共8页，当前第7页12345678
a.isb.willbec.wasd.are
48.bothriceandwheat____growninthatcountry.
a.isb.arec.wasd.has
49.earlytobedandearlytorise____agoodhabit.
a.areb.isc.wered.was
50.toplaybasketballandtogoswimming____usefulforcharacter-training.
a.wasb.isc.ared.were
51.eitherheori____toattendthemassmeetingthisevening.
a.isb.amc.ared.be
52.____eitherheoritoattendthemassmeetingthisevening.
a.isb.amc.ared.be
53.anironandsteelworks,withsomesatellitefactories,____tobebuilthere.
a.areb.werec.isd.will
54.sheaswellasherbrother____aleaguemember.
a.areb.werec.willd.is
55.hisfamily____abigone.nowthefamily____watchingtv.
a.is,areb.are,isc.is,isd.are,are
56.itisiwho____goingtoattendthemeetingtomorrow.
a.isb.amc.ared.be
57.morethan60%ofthestudents____thecountryside.
a.isb.arec.isfromd.arefrom
58.manyaman____thenovel.
a.hasreadb.havereadc.isreadd.areread
59.tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswho____goingtoswimthisafternoon.
a.isb.wasc.ared.were
60.here____apen,afewpencilsandsomepaperforyou.
a.areb.isc.wasd.were
参考答案
语法复习二：
主谓一致
1~5aaaca6~10cbdad11~15acaba16~20aabdb21~25adcbc
26~30bcaaa31~35acaab36~40cabba41
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